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The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
Ropemaker Place, 25 Ropemaker Street,
London EC2Y 9LY / T: +44 (0)20 3100 2000
www.liberum.com
Liberum Capital Limited is authorised and
regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.
Registered in England and Wales No. 5912554
17 November 2014
Cormac Leech Research
+44 (0) 20 3100 2264
cormac.leech@liberum.com
Minh Tran Research
+44 (0) 20 3100 2184
minh.tran@liberum.com
How big? How risky? How much alpha?
Why is MPL sustainable?
Key risks
How to invest?
Conclusions
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
2
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
9.0%
10.0%
	
  -­‐ 	
  5 	
  10 	
  15 	
  20 	
  25
Prosper	
  $m Lending	
  C lub	
  $m
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
9.0%
10.0%
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Z opa RateS etter
Funding	
  C ircle LendInvest
Wellesley	
  &	
  C o. Assetz
Thincats
MPL yields offer attractive returns, with $40bn+ of
deployment capacity by 2016e in US & UK
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
•  $40bn of deployment by 2016:
From 2014 to 2016, we estimate UK
annual deployment will increase from
$2bn to $7bn and US deployment will
increase at from $6bn to $33bn
•  US strong growth,120% CAGR, but
margin compression: yield margin
compression likely as competition
increases
•  UK slightly slower growth, 90%
CAGR, but yield expansion: yields
likely to rise as platforms increase
credit risk. Arrival of institutional
capital supports higher credit risk
appetite.
US: MPL 3y potential yield and annual volume
2014-16e change
UK: MPL 3y potential yield and annual volume 2014-16e
change
Source: MPL companies, Liberum, Moneysupermarket, Bloomberg, IPD
5y Junk Bonds
Property
Equities
2yr Cash ISA
Non Investment Grade 2y Bonds
$bn annual volume
2016
total UK
volume:
$7bn
2016
total US
volume:
$33bn
$bn annual volume
3
Consumer finance MPL – likely to be surprisingly resilient
through the cycle in UK & US…
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
•  Zopa performed well through
financial crisis: net yield has
averaged 7.0% since 2005 and
remained above 4.5% even during
2008 global financial crisis
•  UK overall : Overall UK consumer
finance loans show similar consistent
returns over time averaging 8.9%
•  US overall: Likewise for US credit
card data
Zopa Net Yield
Source: Zopa
All UK Consumer Loans Net Yield under £5,000
Source: Bank of England, Liberum
US Credit Card Net Yields
Source: Federal Reserve, Liberum
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Adj	
  Net	
  Y ield Adj	
  Annualized	
  Default
Average	
  Net	
  Y ield
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Net	
  Y ield Writeoff Average	
  Net	
  Y ield
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
16.0%
18.0%
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Net	
  Y ield C harge	
  off Average	
  Net	
  Y ield
4
MPL SME finance/ property lending data set more limited….
but still encouraging for ‘Through The Cycle’ returns
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
•  LendInvest: 7 year track record with
annual avg returns of 10.0% with
zero loan losses
•  Funding Circle: 5 year average net
yield of only 4.0% but with signs of
improvement more recently. Funding
Circle has yet to go through a
recession- Credit model relatively
unproven.
•  For the UK overall, corporate
lending has generated average
returns of 4.6% but was more
impacted by the aftermath of the
financial crisis both in terms of lower
gross yields and high writeoffs..
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
9.0%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
S BA
C harge-­‐Off	
  Rate
Average
Source: LendInvest Note: Projected loss basis
Source: Funding Circle data, Liberum estimates
UK Non Financial Corporate Lending annual net yields US SME Annual Loan Writeoffs- SBA
Source: SBA, Liberum
Source: Bank of England, Liberum
LendInvest Loans: Annual Gross, LLPs, Net Yields
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
16.0%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Net	
  Y ield Loan	
  Losses Average	
  Net	
  Y ields
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
9.0%
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Net	
  Y ield Write	
  Off Average	
  Net	
  Y ield
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
16.0%
2H10 1H11 2H11 1H12 2H12 1H13 2H13 1H14
Net	
  Y ield Loan	
  losses Average	
  Net	
  Y ield
Funding Circle Loans: Gross, LLPs, Net yields* by Cohort
5
MPL yields 2-5% ‘more than ‘expected’ based on wholesale
ABS market data
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
•  Low WACCS: We estimate
SpringLeaf and Ondeck loans have
average costs of capital of 4-5% -
based on recent securitisations.
•  High quality yields: The ratio of
gross yield to chargeoffs is 5.2x for
Springleaf and 4.1x for Ondeck.
•  Zopa WACC likely below 3%: avg
ratio of gross yield to chargeoffs is
8.0x (much better than Spring leaf or
OnDeck).
$m Amount Rate
Class A Notes 500 2.4%
Class B Notes 40 3.5%
Class C Notes 19 4.5%
Class D Notes 33 5.0%
Sub total 592 2.7%
Equity 52 20.0%
Total implied cost capital 644 4.1%
SpringLeaf Funding Trust – estimated cost of capital
Source: Springleaf, Bloomberg, Liberum
$m Amount Rate
Class A Notes 157 3.2%
Class B Notes 18 6.9%
Total 175 3.5%
Equity 8 30%
Total implied cost capital 183 4.7%
OnDeck – estimated cost of capital
Source: Ondeck, Bloomberg, Liberum
SpringLeaf asset net yields and ratio charge-offs to
gross yields
Source: Springleaf, Liberum
OnDeck asset net yields and ratio charge-offs to gross
yields
Source: Ondeck, Liberum
Zopa asset net yields and ratio charge-offs to gross yields
Source: Zopa, Liberum
	
  -­‐
	
  2.0
	
  4.0
	
  6.0
	
  8.0
	
  10.0
	
  12.0
	
  14.0
	
  16.0
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2010 2011 2012 2013
C harge	
  Off
Net	
  Y ield
Ratio	
  gross	
  yield	
  to	
  charge	
  offs	
  (RHS )
	
  -­‐
	
  2.0
	
  4.0
	
  6.0
	
  8.0
	
  10.0
	
  12.0
	
  14.0
	
  16.0
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2009 2010 2011
Loan	
  losses
Net	
  yield
Ratio	
  gross	
  yield	
  to	
  charge	
  offs(RHS )
	
  -­‐
	
  2.0
	
  4.0
	
  6.0
	
  8.0
	
  10.0
	
  12.0
	
  14.0
	
  16.0
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Adj	
  Annualized	
  Default
Adj	
  Net	
  Yield
Ratio	
  gross	
  yield	
  to	
  charge	
  offs	
  (RHS )
MPL	
  net	
  yields	
  should	
  be	
  
c5%	
  based	
  on	
  ABS	
  
market	
  
6
Market Place Lending (MPL) – bigger story than just P2P
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
7
How big? How risky? How much alpha?
Why is MPL sustainable?
Key risks
How to invest?
Conclusions
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
8
Traditional banking- 12th Century solution to ‘Market for
Lemons’* problem!
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
*The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. http://www.iei.liu.se/nek/730g83/artiklar/1.328833/AkerlofMarketforLemons.pdf
Timeline: Banking 1100 to present
Banking: a pre-internet solution to i) network needs and ii) information requirements in financial services
1100
1397 1694
1695 1818
1880
1913
1930
1986
1989
1998
2005
2007 2008
2012
Knights Templar est.
European wide/
Mideast banking
until the 14th
century.
The Medici Bank of
Florence established
& operates until
1494.
Scottish parliament
est. the Bank of
Scotland.
Scottish parliament
est. the Bank of
Scotland.
The first savings
bank of Paris was
est.
The Rothschild
family establishes
European wide
banking.
The Federal
Reserve Act created
the Federal Reserve
System.
Start of online commerce
Berners-Lee
invents
Internet.
Zopa was founded.
Paypal Founded
Financial crisis that
led to the failure and
bail-out of a number
of the worlds biggest
banks.
Run on Northern
Rock.
Washington Mutual
collapses, at the
time the largest bank
failure in history.
Banks start to close
branches.
9
Traditional banking model…. increasingly anachronistic…
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
Timelines: Banking / AltFi/ Crowd sharing
*Market for Lemons: The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism
http://www.iei.liu.se/nek/730g83/artiklar/1.328833/AkerlofMarketforLemons.pdf
Crowd sharing in
other industries
as ‘lemons’*
problem solved.
Traditional
Banking
Digital payments
sector
Marketplace
lending
sector
Start of online commerce
1989 2005 2007 2014
Financial crisis that led to the
failure and bail-out of a number of
the worlds biggest banks.
Washington Mutual
collapses, at the time
the largest bank
failure in history.
Banks start to close
branches due to
shifting customer
behavior
1998 – Paypal
Founded
Berners-Lee
invents
Internet.
1994 - Amazon
founded
1995 –
EBAY founded
“Banking may be on the cusp of …the
most radical reconfiguration in
centuries”, Andrew Haldane- Chief
Economist Bank of England, Aug 2013
2005 -ZOPA Founded
2006 – Lending Club
Founded
2013- UK government
lends via Funding Circle
2013- Xoom IPOs for
$0.5bn
2009- Chicago Sun Times
Files for bankruptcy
2011 - Borders declares
Bankruptcy
2013 - HMV
declares bankruptcy
2013 –
Blockbuster goes into
administration
2014 AirBnB valued
$10bn
2014 - UBER
valued $18bn
2014 - Alibaba IPOs
for $168bn
2014- P2PGI IPO
2014- Union Bank buys
loans originated by LC
2014- Ondeck file IPO
valuation e$1.5bn
2014- Lending Club file
IPO valuation e$5bn
2014 - Square valued
at $5bn
2014 - Apple
Pay is launched
Dis-intermediated
incumbents start
to fail…
10
Internet sourced credit information has become a robust
way to underwrite loans effectively and cheaply
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
Web-enabled game changers in lending
Big Data,
social media
Real time
health
check for
companies
Bank A/C
Scraping
Market cap
Credit
Scoring
Can run credit check on any
individual or company in UK for
£18 in seconds
Experian $16bn
Equifax $9bn
FICO $2bn
Use of big data to enhance credit
scoring
Linkedin $24bn
Facebook $190bn
Automated analysis of borrower’s
bank a/c; cash flow health
Market cap $0.3bn
Real time health check for
companies. Intuit serve c1% of
Global small businesses
Intuit mkt Cap: $23bn
Xero mkt cap: $2bn
11
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
No efficiency gains in banking since 1900
•  Unit cost of financial intermediation
relatively constant for the last 30
years at just under 2%
•  No economies of scale suggests an
oligopoly
Net US revenues of financial intermediaries as % intermediated assets (i.e. unit cost of intermediation)
Source: Has the U.S. Finance Industry Become Less Efficient? On the Theory and Measurement of Financial Intermediation; Philippon Thomas, http://bit.ly/1gRuAEB
Source: Has the U.S. Finance Industry Become Less Efficient? On the Theory and Measurement of Financial Intermediation; Philippon Thomas, http://bit.ly/1gRuAEB
Net US revenues of financial intermediaries as % US GDP
•  Finance share of GDP is at a
historical – high- surprising vs. similar
intermediation sectors
12
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
Productivity gains in Wholesale & Retail trade but not
Finance; inefficient banks cost UK est. £30bn annually
•  Wholesale and Retail trade have become much more efficient due to IT
investment. Opposite is true for the finance industry
•  Internet enabled supply chain innovation has revolutionised retail and
wholesale trade but not finance – so far…
•  Financial sector currently at c8% of GDP, about 2% higher than it
‘should’ be (vs. other sectors and IT investment) =>lost annual income of
$325bn in the US (UK £30bn)- £10 per person / week
US Wholesale Trade as % of GDP
Source: Finance vs. Wal-mart: Why are Financial Services so expensive, Thomas
Philippon, 2012
Source: Finance vs. Wal-mart: Why are Financial Services so expensive, Thomas
Philippon, 2012
Source: Finance vs. Wal-mart: Why are Financial Services so expensive, Thomas
Philippon, 2012
US Retail Trade as % of GDP US Financial Intermediation as % GDP
13
MPL offers efficiency; lower systemic risk; better credit
access
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
•  MPL operating costs are 60% lower
than banks: implies better rates for
both savers and borrowers
•  MPL enjoys considerable
Government support:
•  Decentralised financial system
improves financial resilience for
bank regulators by eliminating
single ‘points of failure’
•  UK Government sees MPL as
additional credit access channel
for SMEs
39
19 20 28
29
135
270
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Branch
FDIC
CS/Collection
Billing/Fraud
Origination
G&A
Other
IT
Marketing
TotalOPEX
OPEX/TotalBalanceOutstanding(bps)
Peer 2 Peer
Government endorsed
Attractive Rates
Convenient & flexible
425bps Lower
Operating Expenses
Cost base comparison 2015e: Banks vs. Lending Club (costs as % loans outstanding)
Source: McKinsey / Lending Club
220
10
170
100
30
30
35
100
695
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Branch
FDIC
CS/Collection…
Origination
G&A
Other
IT
Marketing
TotalOPEX
OPEX/TotalBalanceOutstanding(bps)
Banks
Cost inefficiencies
High margins
Restrictive lending
UK Govt lending via MPL platforms: £75m
Source: Liberum
Systemic Risk Comparison: Traditional Banking vs MPL
Source: Liberum
Traditional Banking Structure MPL market structure
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
MarketInvoice Zopa Funding Circle
14
UK retail investment in P2P could increase 35x once in
ISAs- to c£50bn of outstanding balances
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
Current total NISA outstanding balances (£bn), potential P2P market size if NISA eligible, £bn
Source: www.gov.uk, Zopa, Funding Circle, RateSetter
•  P2P lending likely to become ISA-able
(tax-free retail wrapper) in UK in 2015
•  Using ZOPA (3yr term) as an example:
•  After tax Zopa net yield for top
45% marginal tax rate payer is
2.2% currently vs. 2.4% in best
available cash-ISA (equivalent
weighted maturity)
•  Once ISA-able the tax free
ZOPA return increases to 4.0%
which is 67% higher than the
equivalent bank deposit
•  If P2P was to take just 10% of the total
cash and equity ISA market, UK gross
P2P balances would increase 35x to
£47bn
•  Influx of capital implies MPL net
yields likely to fall…
Best cash NISA rate vs. i) 3yr Zopa yield net of tax and ii) Zopa yield if NISA- able
* 45% Tax rate
Source: Zopa, moneysuperamrket.com, Liberum
£Bn
0
10
20
30
40
50
P2P Loans
Outstanding
P2P Loans10%
of Market
3,470%
	
  -­‐
	
  100
	
  200
	
  300
	
  400
	
  500
Total	
  IS A P2P	
  Loans
Outstanding
P2P	
  Loans10%
of	
  Market
S tock C ash
3,470%
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
C ash	
  IS A Z opa	
  Net	
  Y ield	
  post	
  tax* Z opa	
  Net	
  Y ield	
  via	
  IS A
15
Survey data suggest MPL still in early adopter phase
implying 10-20x upside in terms of public participation rates
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
Number of obvious catalysts over the next 6-12 months:
•  Sector IPOs: Lending Club (Q4/Q1) / OnDeck (2015) – likely to increase public
trust / confidence in sector
•  UK ISA-ability: An implicit endorsement of sector by UK government- we expect
the first MPL ISA products to launch in mid/ late 2015; building on recent FCA
regulation of the sector
P2P Survey of UK Population
Source: Liberum Consumer Survey
UK population penetration rates by investment type
Source: Liberum
MPL investments
could easily reach c
30% penetration of
population- c mid
point of equity and
cash ISA takeup
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Aware	
  of	
  P2P Would	
  consider	
  investing	
  in
P2P
Have	
  invested	
  already	
  in
P2P
Have
already
invested in
P2P
Equity
Investors
Potential
P2P take up
Cash ISA Holders
14% 50%2%
•  P2P will move from ‘early adopter
phase’ to mass market phase over
the next 5-10 years..
16
How big? How risky? How much alpha?
Why is MPL sustainable?
Key risks
How to invest?
Conclusions
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
17
Lack of transparency and misalignment of interests are two
key risks for MPL
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
What key issues for MPL do critics flag Ways to address/ our view..
Alignment	
  of	
  incen=ves:	
  Pla$orms	
  should	
  have	
  capital	
  at	
  
risk	
  (Wellesley	
  &	
  Co	
  already	
  operate	
  in	
  this	
  way).	
  CEO	
  
compensa?on	
  should	
  be	
  linked	
  to	
  net	
  3	
  year	
  yields	
  
remaining	
  above	
  a	
  minimum	
  threshold	
  (	
  e.g.	
  2%)	
  
Insufficient	
  ‘skin	
  in	
  game’:	
  Many	
  lenders	
  rely	
  heavily	
  on	
  
pla$orms’	
  credit	
  risk	
  assessment;	
  pla$orms	
  incen?ves	
  not	
  
aligned	
  with	
  lenders	
  
Transparency	
  &	
  regula=on	
  key	
  to	
  long	
  term	
  health	
  of	
  
sector.	
  Without	
  ra?ng	
  agencies,	
  transparency	
  is	
  vital	
  to	
  
avoid	
  MPL	
  becoming	
  the	
  next	
  sub	
  prime	
  crisis.	
  Retail	
  
lenders	
  must	
  have	
  info	
  to	
  make	
  informed	
  decisions.	
  
Mis-­‐selling	
  risks:	
  i)	
  Lack	
  of	
  disclosure	
  around	
  loan	
  type	
  on	
  some	
  
pla$orms	
  	
  with	
  returns	
  to	
  lenders	
  inconsistent	
  with	
  credit	
  risk.	
  
Simplicity	
  should	
  not	
  mean	
  opacity.	
  ii)	
  Some	
  Retail	
  investors	
  
apparently	
  using	
  rate	
  offered	
  as	
  risk	
  proxy	
  heuris?c.	
  iii)	
  Risk	
  that	
  
Provision	
  funds	
  are	
  implicitly	
  posi?oned	
  as	
  guaranteeing	
  capital.	
  	
  
Web	
  enabled	
  credit	
  assessment	
  technologies:	
  new	
  ways	
  
to	
  solve	
  ‘market	
  for	
  lemons’	
  problems:	
  XERO	
  /	
  YODLEE/	
  
Big	
  Data/	
  Experian	
  etc..	
  	
  
Lack	
  of	
  borrower	
  rela=onships:	
  adverse	
  selec?on	
  problems,	
  
leading	
  to	
  poor	
  lending	
  decisions.	
  
Frequent	
  external	
  audit	
  requirements;	
  regulatory	
  
oversight	
  by	
  FCA/	
  SEC	
  of	
  lending;	
  transparency	
  
clearly	
  segregated	
  clients	
  accounts;	
  investor	
  scru=ny.	
  	
  
Fraud	
  risk:	
  Significant	
  risk	
  that	
  a	
  pla$orm	
  engages	
  in	
  fraud	
  
nega?vely	
  impac?ng	
  the	
  sector’s	
  interna?onal	
  reputa?on.	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Banks	
  likely	
  to	
  respond	
  too	
  slowly:	
  	
  
Impeded	
  by	
  employment	
  contracts;	
  social	
  contract	
  ;	
  	
  
Short	
  term	
  CEO	
  incen?ves	
  ;	
  ‘Denial’	
  mind-­‐set.	
  
Pro-­‐ac=ve	
  digital	
  response	
  by	
  banks:	
  improved	
  user	
  experience;	
  
step	
  change	
  improvement	
  in	
  efficiency	
  by	
  closing	
  branches	
  
inves?ng	
  in	
  digital	
  offering	
  
18
Transparency an emerging point of differentiation
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
•  Simplicity of basic offering shouldn’t
limit information availability
•  Lack of transparency increases risk of
high profile failure- adversely
impacting MPL sector
•  Transparency lower in the UK under
the mantra of simplicity
Transparency by platform
‘Transparency score’ by platform
Source: Liberum
Prosper
Lending
Club
Funding
Circle Lendinvest Zopa RateSetter Wellesley
Expected Net Yields Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Loan Losses Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Historical Net Yield Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No
Historical Loan Losses Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Downloadable loan book Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Use of Proceeds / Borrower
Profiles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Max size of loan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
How many intermediaries No No No No No No No
How much £ spread rev to broker No No No*** No No No No
Risk band of borrower Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No
Size of Provision Fund if any? NA NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes
0
2
4
6
8
10
Prosper Lending	
  C lub Funding	
  C ircle Lendinvest Z opa RateS etter Wellesley
19
Despite the risks, banks/ former bank executives betting on
MPL sector
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
Equity Investment
Equity Investment
& Buying Loans
Banks investing in / through platforms
Former bank executives etc joining/ investing in market place lending
Equity Investment Buying Loans Buying Loans Loan Referrals
Board Members
John Mack (CEO Morgan
Stanley)
Larry Summers (US
treasury secretary)
Mary Meeker
(Kleiner Perkins)
Investor
John Mack (former CEO
Morgan Stanley)
Investor
Dick Kovacevich
(former CEO Wells
Fargo)
Investor
Nigel Morris (founder
Capital One)
Investor
Lachlan Murdoch
20
How big? How risky? How much alpha?
Why is MPL sustainable?
Key risks
How to invest?
Conclusions
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
21
$250bn equity market cap for US & UK MPL sector by 2025e
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
Avg Balances
MPL Balances
MPL Revenue
Equity Market Cap
Mortgages Consumer SME Total
17,829 4,847 1,264 23,940
1,729 1,212 379 3,320
18 24 10 52
106 109 36 250
Assumptions:
MPL market share: Mortgages 10.0%, Consumer 25.0%, SME 30.0%,
Revenue as % of Balances : Mortgages 1.0%, Consumer 2.0%, SME 2.5%,
Net Income / Rev % : Mortgages 40.0%, Consumer 30.0%, SME 25.0%,
Net Income: Mortgages $7bn, Consumer $7bn, SME $2bn
PEx assumption: Mortgages 15.0x, Consumer 15.0x, SME 15.0x,
Source: Liberum
$bn
22
Some listed MPL equity opportunities…
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
Funds Market Cap
2
$m P/NAV Yield
1
P2PGI 348 1.1x 8.4%
GLI Finance 133 1.2x 8.6%
Invoice Finance Market Cap
2
$m P/Revenue 2015e 2015e P/E
Basware 674 3.5x 30.3x
Tungsten 540 10.4x NA
Listed / IPOing Market Cap
2
$m P/Revenue 2014e P/Revenue 2015e
TrustBuddy 60 4.7x 2.5x
Lending Club (exp.
valn) 5,000 22.7x 13.4x
Valuation metrics for listed MPL securities
1. 2015e for P2PGI, 2014e for GLIF; 2. as of 15
th
Oct
Source: Bloomberg, Liberum estimates
23
•  UK listed MPL funds offering yield and
capital appreciation
•  Significant revenue potential from
combination of e-invoicing and MPL
•  Listed/ IPOing P2P platforms
Case study: Basware – Arrowgrass JV unlocking value via
innovation
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
Source: Preliminary Liberum Estimates
Preliminary analysis
Basware not under Liberum coverage
“Basware and Arrowgrass Capital Partners
LLP to jointly develop a new e-invoicing
based factoring service”, September 2014
total spend across the Basware
Commerce Network
‘Basware 2013 annual report’
Estimated valuation impact for Basware of Arrowgrass JV
EURm
Basware E-processing annual volume 600,000
Financed by JV % 10.0%
JV Financed volume 60,000
Processing balances 7,500
Margin 2.0%
JV revenue EURm 150
Cost income ratio 20%
PBT 120
Net Income 96
Basware share of JV 50%
Attributable net income 48
PEx 20.0x
Equity value of JV to Basware 960
Basware current market cap 550
Implied min upside 75%
24
How big? How risky? How much alpha?
Why is MPL sustainable?
Key risks
How to invest?
Conclusions
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
25
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
Key conclusions
1.  Banking faces disruptive change: on the cusp of the
most radical reconfiguration in centuries – should help save
UK economy £30bn pa (2% of GDP) as banking gets more
efficient
2.  Risk management: Alignment of incentives and
transparency essential
3.  MPL listed equities still good value given the sector
outlook; currently much more diverse range of unlisted
opportunities.
26
Disclaimer
The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity
This material is the commercial property of Liberum and may not be disclosed or distributed to any third party without
the express permission of Liberum. You shall not remove or modify any disclaimer or copyright or trademark notice
contained in any Material. If you have received this material in error, please immediately notify the sender and
destroy the material.
This Material is for information only and it should not be regarded as an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy.
It is based on current public information and/or from sources which Liberum believes to be reliable, but the accuracy,
completeness, timeliness or correct sequencing of the information included herein cannot be guaranteed. Neither
Liberum nor any source will be liable for the accuracy of, or availability of, such information or will have any duty to
verify, correct, complete or update any material. Neither Liberum nor any source will be liable for any loss, cost,
claim or damage (including direct, indirect or consequential damages or lost profits) arising out of or otherwise
relating to any material or the use or access to or unavailability of any material. Any information or opinions
contained herein are subject to change without notice.
Unless stated otherwise, this material is not investment research or a research recommendation for the purposes of
FCA rules or a research report under U.S. securities laws. It is provided on the understanding that Liberum is not
acting in a fiduciary capacity and it is not a personal recommendation to you. The securities referred to may not be
suitable for you and this material should not be relied upon in substitution for the exercise of independent judgement.
Liberum and/or its officers, directors and employees may have or take positions in securities of companies
mentioned in this communication (or in any related investment) and may from time to time dispose of any such
positions. Liberum may act as a market maker in the securities of companies discussed in this communication (or in
any related investments), may sell them or buy them from customers on a principal basis, and may also provide
corporate finance or underwriting services for or relating to those companies, for which it is remunerated.
United Kingdom and the rest of Europe: This material has been prepared and issued by Liberum. Liberum is a
trading name of Liberum Capital Limited, who are authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)
and a member of the London Stock Exchange. Ropemaker Place, Level 12, 25 Ropemaker Street, London EC2Y
9LY.Tel +44 (0)20 3100 2000 Fax +44 (0)20 3100 2299
United States: This communication is distributed to US institutional investors by Liberum Inc, which is a member of
FINRA & SIPC. 441 Lexington Avenue (15th Floor), New York, NY 10017, Tel +1 212 596 4800 Fax +1 212 596
4898.
27

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Cormac Leech / Liberum / Marketplace Lending Opportunity

  • 1. The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity Ropemaker Place, 25 Ropemaker Street, London EC2Y 9LY / T: +44 (0)20 3100 2000 www.liberum.com Liberum Capital Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England and Wales No. 5912554 17 November 2014 Cormac Leech Research +44 (0) 20 3100 2264 cormac.leech@liberum.com Minh Tran Research +44 (0) 20 3100 2184 minh.tran@liberum.com
  • 2. How big? How risky? How much alpha? Why is MPL sustainable? Key risks How to invest? Conclusions The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity 2
  • 3. 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.0% 9.0% 10.0%  -­‐  5  10  15  20  25 Prosper  $m Lending  C lub  $m 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.0% 9.0% 10.0% 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Z opa RateS etter Funding  C ircle LendInvest Wellesley  &  C o. Assetz Thincats MPL yields offer attractive returns, with $40bn+ of deployment capacity by 2016e in US & UK The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity •  $40bn of deployment by 2016: From 2014 to 2016, we estimate UK annual deployment will increase from $2bn to $7bn and US deployment will increase at from $6bn to $33bn •  US strong growth,120% CAGR, but margin compression: yield margin compression likely as competition increases •  UK slightly slower growth, 90% CAGR, but yield expansion: yields likely to rise as platforms increase credit risk. Arrival of institutional capital supports higher credit risk appetite. US: MPL 3y potential yield and annual volume 2014-16e change UK: MPL 3y potential yield and annual volume 2014-16e change Source: MPL companies, Liberum, Moneysupermarket, Bloomberg, IPD 5y Junk Bonds Property Equities 2yr Cash ISA Non Investment Grade 2y Bonds $bn annual volume 2016 total UK volume: $7bn 2016 total US volume: $33bn $bn annual volume 3
  • 4. Consumer finance MPL – likely to be surprisingly resilient through the cycle in UK & US… The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity •  Zopa performed well through financial crisis: net yield has averaged 7.0% since 2005 and remained above 4.5% even during 2008 global financial crisis •  UK overall : Overall UK consumer finance loans show similar consistent returns over time averaging 8.9% •  US overall: Likewise for US credit card data Zopa Net Yield Source: Zopa All UK Consumer Loans Net Yield under £5,000 Source: Bank of England, Liberum US Credit Card Net Yields Source: Federal Reserve, Liberum 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Adj  Net  Y ield Adj  Annualized  Default Average  Net  Y ield 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Net  Y ield Writeoff Average  Net  Y ield 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0% 18.0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Net  Y ield C harge  off Average  Net  Y ield 4
  • 5. MPL SME finance/ property lending data set more limited…. but still encouraging for ‘Through The Cycle’ returns The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity •  LendInvest: 7 year track record with annual avg returns of 10.0% with zero loan losses •  Funding Circle: 5 year average net yield of only 4.0% but with signs of improvement more recently. Funding Circle has yet to go through a recession- Credit model relatively unproven. •  For the UK overall, corporate lending has generated average returns of 4.6% but was more impacted by the aftermath of the financial crisis both in terms of lower gross yields and high writeoffs.. 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.0% 9.0% 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 S BA C harge-­‐Off  Rate Average Source: LendInvest Note: Projected loss basis Source: Funding Circle data, Liberum estimates UK Non Financial Corporate Lending annual net yields US SME Annual Loan Writeoffs- SBA Source: SBA, Liberum Source: Bank of England, Liberum LendInvest Loans: Annual Gross, LLPs, Net Yields 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Net  Y ield Loan  Losses Average  Net  Y ields 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.0% 9.0% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Net  Y ield Write  Off Average  Net  Y ield 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0% 2H10 1H11 2H11 1H12 2H12 1H13 2H13 1H14 Net  Y ield Loan  losses Average  Net  Y ield Funding Circle Loans: Gross, LLPs, Net yields* by Cohort 5
  • 6. MPL yields 2-5% ‘more than ‘expected’ based on wholesale ABS market data The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity •  Low WACCS: We estimate SpringLeaf and Ondeck loans have average costs of capital of 4-5% - based on recent securitisations. •  High quality yields: The ratio of gross yield to chargeoffs is 5.2x for Springleaf and 4.1x for Ondeck. •  Zopa WACC likely below 3%: avg ratio of gross yield to chargeoffs is 8.0x (much better than Spring leaf or OnDeck). $m Amount Rate Class A Notes 500 2.4% Class B Notes 40 3.5% Class C Notes 19 4.5% Class D Notes 33 5.0% Sub total 592 2.7% Equity 52 20.0% Total implied cost capital 644 4.1% SpringLeaf Funding Trust – estimated cost of capital Source: Springleaf, Bloomberg, Liberum $m Amount Rate Class A Notes 157 3.2% Class B Notes 18 6.9% Total 175 3.5% Equity 8 30% Total implied cost capital 183 4.7% OnDeck – estimated cost of capital Source: Ondeck, Bloomberg, Liberum SpringLeaf asset net yields and ratio charge-offs to gross yields Source: Springleaf, Liberum OnDeck asset net yields and ratio charge-offs to gross yields Source: Ondeck, Liberum Zopa asset net yields and ratio charge-offs to gross yields Source: Zopa, Liberum  -­‐  2.0  4.0  6.0  8.0  10.0  12.0  14.0  16.0 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 2010 2011 2012 2013 C harge  Off Net  Y ield Ratio  gross  yield  to  charge  offs  (RHS )  -­‐  2.0  4.0  6.0  8.0  10.0  12.0  14.0  16.0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 2009 2010 2011 Loan  losses Net  yield Ratio  gross  yield  to  charge  offs(RHS )  -­‐  2.0  4.0  6.0  8.0  10.0  12.0  14.0  16.0 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Adj  Annualized  Default Adj  Net  Yield Ratio  gross  yield  to  charge  offs  (RHS ) MPL  net  yields  should  be   c5%  based  on  ABS   market   6
  • 7. Market Place Lending (MPL) – bigger story than just P2P The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity 7
  • 8. How big? How risky? How much alpha? Why is MPL sustainable? Key risks How to invest? Conclusions The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity 8
  • 9. Traditional banking- 12th Century solution to ‘Market for Lemons’* problem! The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity *The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. http://www.iei.liu.se/nek/730g83/artiklar/1.328833/AkerlofMarketforLemons.pdf Timeline: Banking 1100 to present Banking: a pre-internet solution to i) network needs and ii) information requirements in financial services 1100 1397 1694 1695 1818 1880 1913 1930 1986 1989 1998 2005 2007 2008 2012 Knights Templar est. European wide/ Mideast banking until the 14th century. The Medici Bank of Florence established & operates until 1494. Scottish parliament est. the Bank of Scotland. Scottish parliament est. the Bank of Scotland. The first savings bank of Paris was est. The Rothschild family establishes European wide banking. The Federal Reserve Act created the Federal Reserve System. Start of online commerce Berners-Lee invents Internet. Zopa was founded. Paypal Founded Financial crisis that led to the failure and bail-out of a number of the worlds biggest banks. Run on Northern Rock. Washington Mutual collapses, at the time the largest bank failure in history. Banks start to close branches. 9
  • 10. Traditional banking model…. increasingly anachronistic… The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity Timelines: Banking / AltFi/ Crowd sharing *Market for Lemons: The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism http://www.iei.liu.se/nek/730g83/artiklar/1.328833/AkerlofMarketforLemons.pdf Crowd sharing in other industries as ‘lemons’* problem solved. Traditional Banking Digital payments sector Marketplace lending sector Start of online commerce 1989 2005 2007 2014 Financial crisis that led to the failure and bail-out of a number of the worlds biggest banks. Washington Mutual collapses, at the time the largest bank failure in history. Banks start to close branches due to shifting customer behavior 1998 – Paypal Founded Berners-Lee invents Internet. 1994 - Amazon founded 1995 – EBAY founded “Banking may be on the cusp of …the most radical reconfiguration in centuries”, Andrew Haldane- Chief Economist Bank of England, Aug 2013 2005 -ZOPA Founded 2006 – Lending Club Founded 2013- UK government lends via Funding Circle 2013- Xoom IPOs for $0.5bn 2009- Chicago Sun Times Files for bankruptcy 2011 - Borders declares Bankruptcy 2013 - HMV declares bankruptcy 2013 – Blockbuster goes into administration 2014 AirBnB valued $10bn 2014 - UBER valued $18bn 2014 - Alibaba IPOs for $168bn 2014- P2PGI IPO 2014- Union Bank buys loans originated by LC 2014- Ondeck file IPO valuation e$1.5bn 2014- Lending Club file IPO valuation e$5bn 2014 - Square valued at $5bn 2014 - Apple Pay is launched Dis-intermediated incumbents start to fail… 10
  • 11. Internet sourced credit information has become a robust way to underwrite loans effectively and cheaply The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity Web-enabled game changers in lending Big Data, social media Real time health check for companies Bank A/C Scraping Market cap Credit Scoring Can run credit check on any individual or company in UK for £18 in seconds Experian $16bn Equifax $9bn FICO $2bn Use of big data to enhance credit scoring Linkedin $24bn Facebook $190bn Automated analysis of borrower’s bank a/c; cash flow health Market cap $0.3bn Real time health check for companies. Intuit serve c1% of Global small businesses Intuit mkt Cap: $23bn Xero mkt cap: $2bn 11
  • 12. The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity No efficiency gains in banking since 1900 •  Unit cost of financial intermediation relatively constant for the last 30 years at just under 2% •  No economies of scale suggests an oligopoly Net US revenues of financial intermediaries as % intermediated assets (i.e. unit cost of intermediation) Source: Has the U.S. Finance Industry Become Less Efficient? On the Theory and Measurement of Financial Intermediation; Philippon Thomas, http://bit.ly/1gRuAEB Source: Has the U.S. Finance Industry Become Less Efficient? On the Theory and Measurement of Financial Intermediation; Philippon Thomas, http://bit.ly/1gRuAEB Net US revenues of financial intermediaries as % US GDP •  Finance share of GDP is at a historical – high- surprising vs. similar intermediation sectors 12
  • 13. The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity Productivity gains in Wholesale & Retail trade but not Finance; inefficient banks cost UK est. £30bn annually •  Wholesale and Retail trade have become much more efficient due to IT investment. Opposite is true for the finance industry •  Internet enabled supply chain innovation has revolutionised retail and wholesale trade but not finance – so far… •  Financial sector currently at c8% of GDP, about 2% higher than it ‘should’ be (vs. other sectors and IT investment) =>lost annual income of $325bn in the US (UK £30bn)- £10 per person / week US Wholesale Trade as % of GDP Source: Finance vs. Wal-mart: Why are Financial Services so expensive, Thomas Philippon, 2012 Source: Finance vs. Wal-mart: Why are Financial Services so expensive, Thomas Philippon, 2012 Source: Finance vs. Wal-mart: Why are Financial Services so expensive, Thomas Philippon, 2012 US Retail Trade as % of GDP US Financial Intermediation as % GDP 13
  • 14. MPL offers efficiency; lower systemic risk; better credit access The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity •  MPL operating costs are 60% lower than banks: implies better rates for both savers and borrowers •  MPL enjoys considerable Government support: •  Decentralised financial system improves financial resilience for bank regulators by eliminating single ‘points of failure’ •  UK Government sees MPL as additional credit access channel for SMEs 39 19 20 28 29 135 270 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Branch FDIC CS/Collection Billing/Fraud Origination G&A Other IT Marketing TotalOPEX OPEX/TotalBalanceOutstanding(bps) Peer 2 Peer Government endorsed Attractive Rates Convenient & flexible 425bps Lower Operating Expenses Cost base comparison 2015e: Banks vs. Lending Club (costs as % loans outstanding) Source: McKinsey / Lending Club 220 10 170 100 30 30 35 100 695 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Branch FDIC CS/Collection… Origination G&A Other IT Marketing TotalOPEX OPEX/TotalBalanceOutstanding(bps) Banks Cost inefficiencies High margins Restrictive lending UK Govt lending via MPL platforms: £75m Source: Liberum Systemic Risk Comparison: Traditional Banking vs MPL Source: Liberum Traditional Banking Structure MPL market structure 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 MarketInvoice Zopa Funding Circle 14
  • 15. UK retail investment in P2P could increase 35x once in ISAs- to c£50bn of outstanding balances The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity Current total NISA outstanding balances (£bn), potential P2P market size if NISA eligible, £bn Source: www.gov.uk, Zopa, Funding Circle, RateSetter •  P2P lending likely to become ISA-able (tax-free retail wrapper) in UK in 2015 •  Using ZOPA (3yr term) as an example: •  After tax Zopa net yield for top 45% marginal tax rate payer is 2.2% currently vs. 2.4% in best available cash-ISA (equivalent weighted maturity) •  Once ISA-able the tax free ZOPA return increases to 4.0% which is 67% higher than the equivalent bank deposit •  If P2P was to take just 10% of the total cash and equity ISA market, UK gross P2P balances would increase 35x to £47bn •  Influx of capital implies MPL net yields likely to fall… Best cash NISA rate vs. i) 3yr Zopa yield net of tax and ii) Zopa yield if NISA- able * 45% Tax rate Source: Zopa, moneysuperamrket.com, Liberum £Bn 0 10 20 30 40 50 P2P Loans Outstanding P2P Loans10% of Market 3,470%  -­‐  100  200  300  400  500 Total  IS A P2P  Loans Outstanding P2P  Loans10% of  Market S tock C ash 3,470% 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% C ash  IS A Z opa  Net  Y ield  post  tax* Z opa  Net  Y ield  via  IS A 15
  • 16. Survey data suggest MPL still in early adopter phase implying 10-20x upside in terms of public participation rates The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity Number of obvious catalysts over the next 6-12 months: •  Sector IPOs: Lending Club (Q4/Q1) / OnDeck (2015) – likely to increase public trust / confidence in sector •  UK ISA-ability: An implicit endorsement of sector by UK government- we expect the first MPL ISA products to launch in mid/ late 2015; building on recent FCA regulation of the sector P2P Survey of UK Population Source: Liberum Consumer Survey UK population penetration rates by investment type Source: Liberum MPL investments could easily reach c 30% penetration of population- c mid point of equity and cash ISA takeup 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Aware  of  P2P Would  consider  investing  in P2P Have  invested  already  in P2P Have already invested in P2P Equity Investors Potential P2P take up Cash ISA Holders 14% 50%2% •  P2P will move from ‘early adopter phase’ to mass market phase over the next 5-10 years.. 16
  • 17. How big? How risky? How much alpha? Why is MPL sustainable? Key risks How to invest? Conclusions The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity 17
  • 18. Lack of transparency and misalignment of interests are two key risks for MPL The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity What key issues for MPL do critics flag Ways to address/ our view.. Alignment  of  incen=ves:  Pla$orms  should  have  capital  at   risk  (Wellesley  &  Co  already  operate  in  this  way).  CEO   compensa?on  should  be  linked  to  net  3  year  yields   remaining  above  a  minimum  threshold  (  e.g.  2%)   Insufficient  ‘skin  in  game’:  Many  lenders  rely  heavily  on   pla$orms’  credit  risk  assessment;  pla$orms  incen?ves  not   aligned  with  lenders   Transparency  &  regula=on  key  to  long  term  health  of   sector.  Without  ra?ng  agencies,  transparency  is  vital  to   avoid  MPL  becoming  the  next  sub  prime  crisis.  Retail   lenders  must  have  info  to  make  informed  decisions.   Mis-­‐selling  risks:  i)  Lack  of  disclosure  around  loan  type  on  some   pla$orms    with  returns  to  lenders  inconsistent  with  credit  risk.   Simplicity  should  not  mean  opacity.  ii)  Some  Retail  investors   apparently  using  rate  offered  as  risk  proxy  heuris?c.  iii)  Risk  that   Provision  funds  are  implicitly  posi?oned  as  guaranteeing  capital.     Web  enabled  credit  assessment  technologies:  new  ways   to  solve  ‘market  for  lemons’  problems:  XERO  /  YODLEE/   Big  Data/  Experian  etc..     Lack  of  borrower  rela=onships:  adverse  selec?on  problems,   leading  to  poor  lending  decisions.   Frequent  external  audit  requirements;  regulatory   oversight  by  FCA/  SEC  of  lending;  transparency   clearly  segregated  clients  accounts;  investor  scru=ny.     Fraud  risk:  Significant  risk  that  a  pla$orm  engages  in  fraud   nega?vely  impac?ng  the  sector’s  interna?onal  reputa?on.           Banks  likely  to  respond  too  slowly:     Impeded  by  employment  contracts;  social  contract  ;     Short  term  CEO  incen?ves  ;  ‘Denial’  mind-­‐set.   Pro-­‐ac=ve  digital  response  by  banks:  improved  user  experience;   step  change  improvement  in  efficiency  by  closing  branches   inves?ng  in  digital  offering   18
  • 19. Transparency an emerging point of differentiation The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity •  Simplicity of basic offering shouldn’t limit information availability •  Lack of transparency increases risk of high profile failure- adversely impacting MPL sector •  Transparency lower in the UK under the mantra of simplicity Transparency by platform ‘Transparency score’ by platform Source: Liberum Prosper Lending Club Funding Circle Lendinvest Zopa RateSetter Wellesley Expected Net Yields Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Loan Losses Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Historical Net Yield Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Historical Loan Losses Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Downloadable loan book Yes Yes Yes No No No No Use of Proceeds / Borrower Profiles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Max size of loan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes How many intermediaries No No No No No No No How much £ spread rev to broker No No No*** No No No No Risk band of borrower Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Size of Provision Fund if any? NA NA NA NA Yes Yes Yes 0 2 4 6 8 10 Prosper Lending  C lub Funding  C ircle Lendinvest Z opa RateS etter Wellesley 19
  • 20. Despite the risks, banks/ former bank executives betting on MPL sector The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity Equity Investment Equity Investment & Buying Loans Banks investing in / through platforms Former bank executives etc joining/ investing in market place lending Equity Investment Buying Loans Buying Loans Loan Referrals Board Members John Mack (CEO Morgan Stanley) Larry Summers (US treasury secretary) Mary Meeker (Kleiner Perkins) Investor John Mack (former CEO Morgan Stanley) Investor Dick Kovacevich (former CEO Wells Fargo) Investor Nigel Morris (founder Capital One) Investor Lachlan Murdoch 20
  • 21. How big? How risky? How much alpha? Why is MPL sustainable? Key risks How to invest? Conclusions The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity 21
  • 22. $250bn equity market cap for US & UK MPL sector by 2025e The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity Avg Balances MPL Balances MPL Revenue Equity Market Cap Mortgages Consumer SME Total 17,829 4,847 1,264 23,940 1,729 1,212 379 3,320 18 24 10 52 106 109 36 250 Assumptions: MPL market share: Mortgages 10.0%, Consumer 25.0%, SME 30.0%, Revenue as % of Balances : Mortgages 1.0%, Consumer 2.0%, SME 2.5%, Net Income / Rev % : Mortgages 40.0%, Consumer 30.0%, SME 25.0%, Net Income: Mortgages $7bn, Consumer $7bn, SME $2bn PEx assumption: Mortgages 15.0x, Consumer 15.0x, SME 15.0x, Source: Liberum $bn 22
  • 23. Some listed MPL equity opportunities… The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity Funds Market Cap 2 $m P/NAV Yield 1 P2PGI 348 1.1x 8.4% GLI Finance 133 1.2x 8.6% Invoice Finance Market Cap 2 $m P/Revenue 2015e 2015e P/E Basware 674 3.5x 30.3x Tungsten 540 10.4x NA Listed / IPOing Market Cap 2 $m P/Revenue 2014e P/Revenue 2015e TrustBuddy 60 4.7x 2.5x Lending Club (exp. valn) 5,000 22.7x 13.4x Valuation metrics for listed MPL securities 1. 2015e for P2PGI, 2014e for GLIF; 2. as of 15 th Oct Source: Bloomberg, Liberum estimates 23 •  UK listed MPL funds offering yield and capital appreciation •  Significant revenue potential from combination of e-invoicing and MPL •  Listed/ IPOing P2P platforms
  • 24. Case study: Basware – Arrowgrass JV unlocking value via innovation The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity Source: Preliminary Liberum Estimates Preliminary analysis Basware not under Liberum coverage “Basware and Arrowgrass Capital Partners LLP to jointly develop a new e-invoicing based factoring service”, September 2014 total spend across the Basware Commerce Network ‘Basware 2013 annual report’ Estimated valuation impact for Basware of Arrowgrass JV EURm Basware E-processing annual volume 600,000 Financed by JV % 10.0% JV Financed volume 60,000 Processing balances 7,500 Margin 2.0% JV revenue EURm 150 Cost income ratio 20% PBT 120 Net Income 96 Basware share of JV 50% Attributable net income 48 PEx 20.0x Equity value of JV to Basware 960 Basware current market cap 550 Implied min upside 75% 24
  • 25. How big? How risky? How much alpha? Why is MPL sustainable? Key risks How to invest? Conclusions The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity 25
  • 26. The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity Key conclusions 1.  Banking faces disruptive change: on the cusp of the most radical reconfiguration in centuries – should help save UK economy £30bn pa (2% of GDP) as banking gets more efficient 2.  Risk management: Alignment of incentives and transparency essential 3.  MPL listed equities still good value given the sector outlook; currently much more diverse range of unlisted opportunities. 26
  • 27. Disclaimer The Market Place Lending (MPL) investment opportunity This material is the commercial property of Liberum and may not be disclosed or distributed to any third party without the express permission of Liberum. You shall not remove or modify any disclaimer or copyright or trademark notice contained in any Material. If you have received this material in error, please immediately notify the sender and destroy the material. This Material is for information only and it should not be regarded as an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy. It is based on current public information and/or from sources which Liberum believes to be reliable, but the accuracy, completeness, timeliness or correct sequencing of the information included herein cannot be guaranteed. Neither Liberum nor any source will be liable for the accuracy of, or availability of, such information or will have any duty to verify, correct, complete or update any material. Neither Liberum nor any source will be liable for any loss, cost, claim or damage (including direct, indirect or consequential damages or lost profits) arising out of or otherwise relating to any material or the use or access to or unavailability of any material. Any information or opinions contained herein are subject to change without notice. Unless stated otherwise, this material is not investment research or a research recommendation for the purposes of FCA rules or a research report under U.S. securities laws. It is provided on the understanding that Liberum is not acting in a fiduciary capacity and it is not a personal recommendation to you. The securities referred to may not be suitable for you and this material should not be relied upon in substitution for the exercise of independent judgement. Liberum and/or its officers, directors and employees may have or take positions in securities of companies mentioned in this communication (or in any related investment) and may from time to time dispose of any such positions. Liberum may act as a market maker in the securities of companies discussed in this communication (or in any related investments), may sell them or buy them from customers on a principal basis, and may also provide corporate finance or underwriting services for or relating to those companies, for which it is remunerated. United Kingdom and the rest of Europe: This material has been prepared and issued by Liberum. Liberum is a trading name of Liberum Capital Limited, who are authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and a member of the London Stock Exchange. Ropemaker Place, Level 12, 25 Ropemaker Street, London EC2Y 9LY.Tel +44 (0)20 3100 2000 Fax +44 (0)20 3100 2299 United States: This communication is distributed to US institutional investors by Liberum Inc, which is a member of FINRA & SIPC. 441 Lexington Avenue (15th Floor), New York, NY 10017, Tel +1 212 596 4800 Fax +1 212 596 4898. 27