The UK senior lending market saw a significant change in sentiment in 2011, with lenders becoming more risk averse and selective. While the total number of lenders increased slightly to 113, those actively lending fell to 45. Insurance companies are becoming more prominent lenders due to regulations incentivizing real estate lending. They offer competitive terms with average maximum LTV of 69% versus the market average of 66.2%. Overall lending conditions tightened with lower LTVs and higher margins. Several major German lenders also exited the UK market due to new capital regulations.
This document summarizes an analysis by DTZ Research of the net debt funding gap in Europe. Some key points:
- Non-bank lenders are projected to provide over $163 billion in new lending capacity over the next two years, more than bridging the gross debt funding gap in leading markets like the UK, France, Sweden and Germany.
- Europe's net refinancing gap has declined 42% to $50 billion compared to six months ago, as increased writedowns, redemptions and growth in non-bank lending have helped reduce the gap.
- The UK, Spain and Italy still have significant refinancing gaps, while increased writedowns have reduced exposure in countries like Germany
This document summarizes alternative lending activity in Europe in Q1 2016. It finds that the number of alternative lender deals increased 8% year-over-year to 63 deals in Q1 2016. While fundraising for direct lending funds was down in early 2016, opportunities remain for more flexible lenders to take advantage of market volatility created by Brexit. The document also profiles an example company that benefited from replacing bank debt with a direct lender's flexible unitranche structure to support its growth plans.
This document summarizes the LIBOR scandal and discusses public inquiries and the FSA's disciplinary powers.
The regulators found that Barclays made inappropriate LIBOR submissions from 2005-2009 that took into account requests from their own derivatives traders and other banks' traders to benefit trading positions. They also made submissions from 2007-2009 to avoid negative media attention about their liquidity. The FSA fined Barclays £59.5 million, its largest fine ever. Public inquiries and the FSA's limited criminal sanctions are examined.
BoyarMiller Breakfast Forum: The Current State of the Capital Markets 2009BoyarMiller
This document summarizes a presentation on the current state of real estate finance markets. It notes that a massive amount of commercial mortgage debt will mature between 2009-2013 that cannot be refinanced given current market conditions, creating an unprecedented refinancing shortfall of at least $1.2 trillion. This will force significant deleveraging of U.S. real estate assets as properties struggle to refinance with lower loan-to-value ratios. Loan modifications and restructuring will likely need to be pursued more frequently to manage losses as foreclosures and defaults rise sharply during this period of debt maturities and constrained capital availability.
Barclays' reputation has been damaged by scandals. To regain glory, the document proposes Barclays address core issues like changing culture, improving transparency, and capping risky trading. It notes most banks in scandals fail or continue struggling, but non-financial companies recovered by fixing underlying problems. The document offers solutions for Barclays like reforming hiring, leadership training, and embracing new regulations.
The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) is the average interest rate estimated by leading banks in London that they would be charged if borrowing from other banks. LIBOR rates are calculated daily for various currencies and loan periods and are used as a benchmark for trillions of dollars' worth of financial products. Regulators have found that banks manipulated LIBOR submissions between 2007-2009 to benefit derivatives trades and portray more favorable perceptions of their financial strength during the global financial crisis. Several banks have paid billions in fines, and major reforms are underway to improve the oversight and integrity of the LIBOR benchmark interest rate.
The LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) is the average interest rate that leading banks in London charge each other for short-term loans. It is calculated daily by Thomson Reuters and published on behalf of the ICE Benchmark Administration. LIBOR is widely used as a benchmark for short-term interest rates globally and serves as the basis for many financial products including futures, options, swaps, loans, and mortgages. The LIBOR scandal arose when banks were found to have manipulated their submitted rates, affecting the calculation of the LIBOR benchmark and impacting consumers and financial markets worldwide.
Tech Mahindra is a joint venture between Mahindra & Mahindra and British Telecom plc formed in 1986. The document analyzes Tech Mahindra's financial ratios for liquidity, leverage, coverage, and working capital management for 2009-2010. It finds that the current ratio is fair, debt increased substantially, and working capital utilization decreased slightly as sales grew modestly while debt funding increased.
This document summarizes an analysis by DTZ Research of the net debt funding gap in Europe. Some key points:
- Non-bank lenders are projected to provide over $163 billion in new lending capacity over the next two years, more than bridging the gross debt funding gap in leading markets like the UK, France, Sweden and Germany.
- Europe's net refinancing gap has declined 42% to $50 billion compared to six months ago, as increased writedowns, redemptions and growth in non-bank lending have helped reduce the gap.
- The UK, Spain and Italy still have significant refinancing gaps, while increased writedowns have reduced exposure in countries like Germany
This document summarizes alternative lending activity in Europe in Q1 2016. It finds that the number of alternative lender deals increased 8% year-over-year to 63 deals in Q1 2016. While fundraising for direct lending funds was down in early 2016, opportunities remain for more flexible lenders to take advantage of market volatility created by Brexit. The document also profiles an example company that benefited from replacing bank debt with a direct lender's flexible unitranche structure to support its growth plans.
This document summarizes the LIBOR scandal and discusses public inquiries and the FSA's disciplinary powers.
The regulators found that Barclays made inappropriate LIBOR submissions from 2005-2009 that took into account requests from their own derivatives traders and other banks' traders to benefit trading positions. They also made submissions from 2007-2009 to avoid negative media attention about their liquidity. The FSA fined Barclays £59.5 million, its largest fine ever. Public inquiries and the FSA's limited criminal sanctions are examined.
BoyarMiller Breakfast Forum: The Current State of the Capital Markets 2009BoyarMiller
This document summarizes a presentation on the current state of real estate finance markets. It notes that a massive amount of commercial mortgage debt will mature between 2009-2013 that cannot be refinanced given current market conditions, creating an unprecedented refinancing shortfall of at least $1.2 trillion. This will force significant deleveraging of U.S. real estate assets as properties struggle to refinance with lower loan-to-value ratios. Loan modifications and restructuring will likely need to be pursued more frequently to manage losses as foreclosures and defaults rise sharply during this period of debt maturities and constrained capital availability.
Barclays' reputation has been damaged by scandals. To regain glory, the document proposes Barclays address core issues like changing culture, improving transparency, and capping risky trading. It notes most banks in scandals fail or continue struggling, but non-financial companies recovered by fixing underlying problems. The document offers solutions for Barclays like reforming hiring, leadership training, and embracing new regulations.
The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) is the average interest rate estimated by leading banks in London that they would be charged if borrowing from other banks. LIBOR rates are calculated daily for various currencies and loan periods and are used as a benchmark for trillions of dollars' worth of financial products. Regulators have found that banks manipulated LIBOR submissions between 2007-2009 to benefit derivatives trades and portray more favorable perceptions of their financial strength during the global financial crisis. Several banks have paid billions in fines, and major reforms are underway to improve the oversight and integrity of the LIBOR benchmark interest rate.
The LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) is the average interest rate that leading banks in London charge each other for short-term loans. It is calculated daily by Thomson Reuters and published on behalf of the ICE Benchmark Administration. LIBOR is widely used as a benchmark for short-term interest rates globally and serves as the basis for many financial products including futures, options, swaps, loans, and mortgages. The LIBOR scandal arose when banks were found to have manipulated their submitted rates, affecting the calculation of the LIBOR benchmark and impacting consumers and financial markets worldwide.
Tech Mahindra is a joint venture between Mahindra & Mahindra and British Telecom plc formed in 1986. The document analyzes Tech Mahindra's financial ratios for liquidity, leverage, coverage, and working capital management for 2009-2010. It finds that the current ratio is fair, debt increased substantially, and working capital utilization decreased slightly as sales grew modestly while debt funding increased.
The document discusses the LIBOR scandal where it was discovered that several major banks had manipulated the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) for financial gain between 2005-2009. LIBOR is a benchmark interest rate used globally in contracts worth trillions of dollars. The scandal arose when it was found that banks had falsely inflated or deflated their LIBOR submissions to profit off trades or give the impression they were more creditworthy. This manipulation impacted homeowners, municipalities, and other entities. Several banks including Barclays were fined billions and lawsuits were filed against many of the banks involved totaling over $40 billion. The scandal led to calls for reforming how LIBOR is set and regulated.
Cormac Leech: A Banking Analyst's Perspective on P2P
Keynote address by Cormac Leech, of Liberum, at LendIt Europe 2014. The title of this presentation is A Banking Analyst's Perspective on P2P.
Understanding Risk Management and Compliance, May 2012Compliance LLC
The document discusses several topics related to banking regulation:
1) It discusses the EBA's work over the past year to strengthen bank capital positions in response to the financial crisis, including stress tests and recommendations to raise over €115 billion in capital.
2) It outlines the EBA's goal of establishing a Single Rulebook to harmonize banking rules across the EU and prevent a relaxation of standards.
3) It focuses on the EBA's work developing regulatory technical standards for defining bank capital and ensuring high quality capital instruments are used across all member states.
LIBOR is the London Interbank Offer Rate that underpins trillions of dollars in financial instruments like mortgages, loans, and derivatives. It was revealed in 2007-2008 that banks had been manipulating LIBOR submissions since 1991 for profit. Regulators fined banks over $6 billion, including Deutsche Bank and JP Morgan $2.3 billion, and Barclays $453 million, for their roles in the LIBOR rigging scandal that affected markets globally.
This summarizes the LIBOR fixing scandal:
1) Several major banks provided false information about their borrowing rates to manipulate the LIBOR benchmark for their own financial gain. 2) This manipulation of LIBOR impacted trillions of dollars in financial products worldwide. 3) Regulators have since implemented new regulations and governance reforms to improve the integrity and transparency of the LIBOR determination process.
La gran banca europea pone a punto sus balancesPwC España
This document provides an overview and analysis of changes in the European banking industry since the announcement of Basel III regulations in 2010. It finds that European banks have significantly strengthened their capital positions, reducing assets and risk exposures while improving liquidity. Banks have cut trading book assets, corporate loans, and short-term borrowings. They have increased capital ratios, deposits, and holdings of safer government bonds and cash. While banks are in a better position, reconciling different regulatory requirements around risk-weighted capital, leverage ratios, and liquidity remains challenging. Overall, European banks have adapted their business models and balance sheets to better meet regulatory demands but full recovery will require continued progress.
The document provides an overview of LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) including:
- LIBOR is an average interest rate calculated by the BBA based on submissions from leading banks of the rates they are paying to borrow from other banks.
- It is used as a benchmark for pricing various financial instruments and reflects the average cost of unsecured lending between banks.
- The LIBOR scandal involved banks colluding to influence their submissions to benefit their trading positions or signal their liquidity to the market.
LIBOR serves as a benchmark that gives an indication of the rate at which banks can borrow from London interbank market for a given period of time.
Here is a presentation which will help you to understand the term 'LIBOR'.
Barclays and other banks were found to be rigging the LIBOR rate for their own gain. This impacted customers who were charged higher rates on loans and mortgages. While governments have since imposed new regulations and fines on banks, questions remain about the effectiveness of the new frameworks in preventing future scandals and whether banks prioritize shareholders over other stakeholders. The document examines Barclays' corporate governance failures during the LIBOR rate-rigging scandal and measures it has taken since to improve its practices.
The document discusses the Libor rate manipulation scandal that occurred from 2005-2009. It describes how Barclays and other banks artificially inflated or deflated their Libor submissions to profit from trades or appear more creditworthy. This manipulation impacted global financial markets and cost governments billions. The scandal was not properly addressed by regulators despite early awareness of inaccurate submissions. Barclays was ultimately fined over $500 million for its role in the scandal in 2012.
The document discusses LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate), which is the average interest rate that leading banks in London charge when lending to other banks. It provides background information on LIBOR, including that it was established in 1986, has 15 maturity periods ranging from overnight to 12 months, and rates for 10 major currencies. The document then discusses how LIBOR manipulation by banks like Barclays impacted global financial markets and consumers through its effect on loans, mortgages, savings, and derivatives.
A report to (a) critically explores the role played by both individuals and organizations in the LIBOR scandal fraud, taking into account the wider socio-cultural context, (b)Recommendations provided to organizations to prevent future scandals similar to the LIBOR.
In writing your report range of academic sources, newspaper coverage, analyst reports, and other relevant sources have been kept together to illustrate the arguments.
The main body of the report offers a coherent, well-focused, pervasive and original argument that is relevant to the targeted audience, providing appropriate support and justification.
The conclusion will provide a good analysis of the evidence with clear and well-justified conclusions
LIBOR is the average interest rate that large global banks charge each other for short-term loans. It is calculated daily for 10 currencies based on submissions from a panel of banks and serves as a benchmark for pricing various financial instruments including mortgages, corporate loans, and interest rate derivatives. The prime rate is the interest rate that banks charge their most creditworthy corporate customers and is used as a benchmark to measure other lending rates.
This presentation is pledged to explain the London interbank offered rate scandal (LIBOR) that came to light in 2012 after one of its main offenders; the Barclays bank accepted about the manipulation of the interest rate. This scam was conducted due to the unethical practices by top executives, traders and employees. LIBOR manipulation was the result of unethical approach of top management and traders. London Interbank offered rate (LIBOR) is the largest financial scandal of all time.
A Primer - Comparing Japanese, Australian, Dutch and UK RMBS and Mortgage Mar...Arthur Karabatsos
This document provides a primer comparing the Japanese, Australian, Dutch, and UK residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and mortgage markets. It highlights several key differences between the markets, including:
- Bullet repayment risk exposure from interest-only loans;
- Use of third-party credit protection like lenders mortgage insurance;
- Dynamic versus static portfolio structures; and
- Differences in back-up servicer arrangements and note structures.
To facilitate comparison, it also includes a quick reference guide summarizing collateral characteristics, underwriting practices, and structural features of RMBS deals across the four countries.
The article discusses the opportunities and challenges for foreign asset managers in the pension markets of eight Central and Eastern European countries that joined the EU on May 1, 2004. While the potential for growth is large, early entrants have faced significant regulatory, distribution, and cultural barriers. The Polish pension market is the largest and most promising but still restricts foreign investment and third-party management. Overall distribution challenges and a need for local infrastructure make it difficult for foreign firms to penetrate these emerging markets.
LIBOR stands for the London Interbank Offered Rate, which is the average interest rate that major global banks charge each other for short-term loans. It is calculated daily by surveying banks and discarding the top and bottom quartiles of quotes, then averaging the remaining rates. LIBOR rates are provided for periods up to 12 months in major currencies and influence many financial instruments, including interbank lending, other lending rates, Eurodollar futures, and interest rate swaps.
Bangladesh Private Commercial Banks Quarterly Overview - November 2011The Growth Institute
The operating profits of Bangladesh's private commercial banks declined in the third quarter due to falling stock prices, rising costs, and lower returns on investment. Several factors negatively impacted bank earnings, including high fiscal deficits, currency depreciation, inflation, and increased government borrowing which constrained loan growth. Investment income also fell significantly due to the plunging stock market. While commission income provided some relief, overall most banks saw declines in net interest income. Looking ahead, interest income is expected to fall further and banks will realize losses from marked-to-market adjustments to stock holdings. Continued high government borrowing and regulatory limits on lending are also likely to constrain loan growth.
LIBOR, the London Interbank Offered Rate, has been the benchmark for credit agreements since the 1980s. However, regulators realized in 2008 that LIBOR rates were artificially inflated, and banks will no longer submit rates after 2022. The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) published by the New York Fed will replace LIBOR in the US. SOFR is based on actual overnight lending transactions backed by treasury bonds, making it more reliable than LIBOR which had different rates and was subject to manipulation. Transitioning the $200 trillion in existing LIBOR contracts to SOFR will be complex due to differences in how interest is calculated. Other countries like the UK and EU are also transitioning to their
A presentation from early fall about changes in the Libor and the Fed Funds Rate. We discuss the relationship between the two rates. * Leave a comment if you download, please! *
The document discusses the LIBOR scandal where it was discovered that several major banks had manipulated the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) for financial gain between 2005-2009. LIBOR is a benchmark interest rate used globally in contracts worth trillions of dollars. The scandal arose when it was found that banks had falsely inflated or deflated their LIBOR submissions to profit off trades or give the impression they were more creditworthy. This manipulation impacted homeowners, municipalities, and other entities. Several banks including Barclays were fined billions and lawsuits were filed against many of the banks involved totaling over $40 billion. The scandal led to calls for reforming how LIBOR is set and regulated.
Cormac Leech: A Banking Analyst's Perspective on P2P
Keynote address by Cormac Leech, of Liberum, at LendIt Europe 2014. The title of this presentation is A Banking Analyst's Perspective on P2P.
Understanding Risk Management and Compliance, May 2012Compliance LLC
The document discusses several topics related to banking regulation:
1) It discusses the EBA's work over the past year to strengthen bank capital positions in response to the financial crisis, including stress tests and recommendations to raise over €115 billion in capital.
2) It outlines the EBA's goal of establishing a Single Rulebook to harmonize banking rules across the EU and prevent a relaxation of standards.
3) It focuses on the EBA's work developing regulatory technical standards for defining bank capital and ensuring high quality capital instruments are used across all member states.
LIBOR is the London Interbank Offer Rate that underpins trillions of dollars in financial instruments like mortgages, loans, and derivatives. It was revealed in 2007-2008 that banks had been manipulating LIBOR submissions since 1991 for profit. Regulators fined banks over $6 billion, including Deutsche Bank and JP Morgan $2.3 billion, and Barclays $453 million, for their roles in the LIBOR rigging scandal that affected markets globally.
This summarizes the LIBOR fixing scandal:
1) Several major banks provided false information about their borrowing rates to manipulate the LIBOR benchmark for their own financial gain. 2) This manipulation of LIBOR impacted trillions of dollars in financial products worldwide. 3) Regulators have since implemented new regulations and governance reforms to improve the integrity and transparency of the LIBOR determination process.
La gran banca europea pone a punto sus balancesPwC España
This document provides an overview and analysis of changes in the European banking industry since the announcement of Basel III regulations in 2010. It finds that European banks have significantly strengthened their capital positions, reducing assets and risk exposures while improving liquidity. Banks have cut trading book assets, corporate loans, and short-term borrowings. They have increased capital ratios, deposits, and holdings of safer government bonds and cash. While banks are in a better position, reconciling different regulatory requirements around risk-weighted capital, leverage ratios, and liquidity remains challenging. Overall, European banks have adapted their business models and balance sheets to better meet regulatory demands but full recovery will require continued progress.
The document provides an overview of LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) including:
- LIBOR is an average interest rate calculated by the BBA based on submissions from leading banks of the rates they are paying to borrow from other banks.
- It is used as a benchmark for pricing various financial instruments and reflects the average cost of unsecured lending between banks.
- The LIBOR scandal involved banks colluding to influence their submissions to benefit their trading positions or signal their liquidity to the market.
LIBOR serves as a benchmark that gives an indication of the rate at which banks can borrow from London interbank market for a given period of time.
Here is a presentation which will help you to understand the term 'LIBOR'.
Barclays and other banks were found to be rigging the LIBOR rate for their own gain. This impacted customers who were charged higher rates on loans and mortgages. While governments have since imposed new regulations and fines on banks, questions remain about the effectiveness of the new frameworks in preventing future scandals and whether banks prioritize shareholders over other stakeholders. The document examines Barclays' corporate governance failures during the LIBOR rate-rigging scandal and measures it has taken since to improve its practices.
The document discusses the Libor rate manipulation scandal that occurred from 2005-2009. It describes how Barclays and other banks artificially inflated or deflated their Libor submissions to profit from trades or appear more creditworthy. This manipulation impacted global financial markets and cost governments billions. The scandal was not properly addressed by regulators despite early awareness of inaccurate submissions. Barclays was ultimately fined over $500 million for its role in the scandal in 2012.
The document discusses LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate), which is the average interest rate that leading banks in London charge when lending to other banks. It provides background information on LIBOR, including that it was established in 1986, has 15 maturity periods ranging from overnight to 12 months, and rates for 10 major currencies. The document then discusses how LIBOR manipulation by banks like Barclays impacted global financial markets and consumers through its effect on loans, mortgages, savings, and derivatives.
A report to (a) critically explores the role played by both individuals and organizations in the LIBOR scandal fraud, taking into account the wider socio-cultural context, (b)Recommendations provided to organizations to prevent future scandals similar to the LIBOR.
In writing your report range of academic sources, newspaper coverage, analyst reports, and other relevant sources have been kept together to illustrate the arguments.
The main body of the report offers a coherent, well-focused, pervasive and original argument that is relevant to the targeted audience, providing appropriate support and justification.
The conclusion will provide a good analysis of the evidence with clear and well-justified conclusions
LIBOR is the average interest rate that large global banks charge each other for short-term loans. It is calculated daily for 10 currencies based on submissions from a panel of banks and serves as a benchmark for pricing various financial instruments including mortgages, corporate loans, and interest rate derivatives. The prime rate is the interest rate that banks charge their most creditworthy corporate customers and is used as a benchmark to measure other lending rates.
This presentation is pledged to explain the London interbank offered rate scandal (LIBOR) that came to light in 2012 after one of its main offenders; the Barclays bank accepted about the manipulation of the interest rate. This scam was conducted due to the unethical practices by top executives, traders and employees. LIBOR manipulation was the result of unethical approach of top management and traders. London Interbank offered rate (LIBOR) is the largest financial scandal of all time.
A Primer - Comparing Japanese, Australian, Dutch and UK RMBS and Mortgage Mar...Arthur Karabatsos
This document provides a primer comparing the Japanese, Australian, Dutch, and UK residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and mortgage markets. It highlights several key differences between the markets, including:
- Bullet repayment risk exposure from interest-only loans;
- Use of third-party credit protection like lenders mortgage insurance;
- Dynamic versus static portfolio structures; and
- Differences in back-up servicer arrangements and note structures.
To facilitate comparison, it also includes a quick reference guide summarizing collateral characteristics, underwriting practices, and structural features of RMBS deals across the four countries.
The article discusses the opportunities and challenges for foreign asset managers in the pension markets of eight Central and Eastern European countries that joined the EU on May 1, 2004. While the potential for growth is large, early entrants have faced significant regulatory, distribution, and cultural barriers. The Polish pension market is the largest and most promising but still restricts foreign investment and third-party management. Overall distribution challenges and a need for local infrastructure make it difficult for foreign firms to penetrate these emerging markets.
LIBOR stands for the London Interbank Offered Rate, which is the average interest rate that major global banks charge each other for short-term loans. It is calculated daily by surveying banks and discarding the top and bottom quartiles of quotes, then averaging the remaining rates. LIBOR rates are provided for periods up to 12 months in major currencies and influence many financial instruments, including interbank lending, other lending rates, Eurodollar futures, and interest rate swaps.
Bangladesh Private Commercial Banks Quarterly Overview - November 2011The Growth Institute
The operating profits of Bangladesh's private commercial banks declined in the third quarter due to falling stock prices, rising costs, and lower returns on investment. Several factors negatively impacted bank earnings, including high fiscal deficits, currency depreciation, inflation, and increased government borrowing which constrained loan growth. Investment income also fell significantly due to the plunging stock market. While commission income provided some relief, overall most banks saw declines in net interest income. Looking ahead, interest income is expected to fall further and banks will realize losses from marked-to-market adjustments to stock holdings. Continued high government borrowing and regulatory limits on lending are also likely to constrain loan growth.
LIBOR, the London Interbank Offered Rate, has been the benchmark for credit agreements since the 1980s. However, regulators realized in 2008 that LIBOR rates were artificially inflated, and banks will no longer submit rates after 2022. The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) published by the New York Fed will replace LIBOR in the US. SOFR is based on actual overnight lending transactions backed by treasury bonds, making it more reliable than LIBOR which had different rates and was subject to manipulation. Transitioning the $200 trillion in existing LIBOR contracts to SOFR will be complex due to differences in how interest is calculated. Other countries like the UK and EU are also transitioning to their
A presentation from early fall about changes in the Libor and the Fed Funds Rate. We discuss the relationship between the two rates. * Leave a comment if you download, please! *
The document discusses a study observing penguins in Antarctica. Researchers studied a colony of Magellanic penguins to better understand their behaviors and challenges. They observed the penguins' activities like feeding, resting, and interacting to learn more about the species and how they survive in their environment.
Natural resources are useful things that come from nature and are needed for human survival. Non-renewable resources like coal are found underground and exist in finite quantities, meaning they cannot be replenished once depleted. Renewable resources such as wind and solar energy can be regrown or reproduced sustainably so they never run out if properly maintained and the earth is kept clean to protect these ongoing resources.
The document describes the four main layers of Earth's atmosphere: the troposphere, where weather occurs; the stratosphere, above the troposphere; the mesosphere, above the stratosphere where temperatures decrease with altitude; and the thermosphere, above the mesosphere where ultraviolet radiation causes photoionization of molecules. Each layer has distinct characteristics and boundaries that separate them. The document was created by Genta Dauti to provide information about the layers of the atmosphere.
La luna es un objeto celestial que orbita la Tierra y que ha inspirado a artistas a lo largo de la historia. Aunque parece imposible, algunos artistas han imaginado pintar la luna para dejar su huella en el cielo nocturno. Sin embargo, pintar la luna plantea desafíos técnicos y prácticos difíciles de superar.
- Turkey is an transcontinental country located in both Europe and Asia, with Istanbul straddling the two continents. Turkey has a population of 70 million people and its capital and largest city is Ankara.
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded the modern Republic of Turkey in 1923 after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and abolished the Sultanate.
- Turkey has a diverse geography ranging from coastlines on the Aegean, Mediterranean and Black Seas to mountains, lakes and plains in the interior. It has a largely Mediterranean climate and tourism is a major industry, focused around coastal resort towns.
The document discusses various models for improving rural banking in India. It outlines several key challenges in rural banking including lack of access to formal banking, high transaction costs, and information asymmetry. It then presents various models to address these challenges, including using business correspondents and agents, self-help groups, mobile and digital technologies, and partnerships with organizations like FMCGs and MFIs. The models aim to expand access to banking services, lower costs, and facilitate lending in rural areas.
Dove is a brand owned by Unilever that was originally launched in 1957 as a beauty bar soap. In the 1950s, Dove positioned itself as a product in the beauty industry focused on functional benefits like not drying out skin. By the 2000s, Dove had expanded into hair and skin products and appealed more to consumers' aesthetic needs to feel good. Unilever embarked on a strategic initiative in the 2000s to reduce their 1600 brands down to 400 "Masterbrands" with global identities. For Dove, this involved separating brand development and brand building functions and using larger models and older women in advertising to promote its message of inclusion.
- The document discusses the state of the US and European non-performing loan markets based on a survey conducted by Ernst & Young.
- In the US, banks have improved earnings and loan quality in recent years but still face risks from high levels of non-current loans and maturing commercial real estate loans.
- Meanwhile, the European NPL market is emerging as banks look to reduce €1 trillion in NPLs on their balance sheets, attracting both domestic and international investors, particularly to loans in Germany, the UK, Ireland and Spain.
Takaful Summit - London 2014 Partnership for GrowthShabbir Razvi
This document provides information about Shabbir Razvi, an expert on Takaful insurance. It then discusses the challenges and opportunities for introducing Takaful insurance in the UK market, including the need to market it to non-Muslims as an ethical product and focus on large corporations rather than individual policies due to price competition in the UK insurance market.
This document provides a summary of topics covered in Voltaire Financial's inaugural half-yearly bulletin, including:
- An overview of the changing residential development finance market, noting a shift away from large banks toward newer lenders like debt funds and peer-to-peer lenders.
- A guest article on rights of light and legal issues that can arise from infringing on these rights during redevelopment projects.
- Brief updates on taxation of annual tax on enveloped dwellings and trends in bridging loans.
- Case studies of recent projects completed by Voltaire Financial.
The document discusses trends in residential development lending, including less interest in super-prime projects, openness
The strong positive momentum seen in European commercial real estate lending throughout 2014 showed no signs of abating during the first quarter of 2015. In a sector characterised by a high volume of investment deals, debt was widely available from a variety of lenders including banks, institutional investors and private equity funds.
Red views inflation-linked-bonds-issuance-and-pensions-liabilities-january-2013Redington
This document discusses the growth of the UK inflation-linked bond market and pensions' inflation-linked liabilities. While the inflation-linked bond market has quadrupled since 2005, it remains much smaller than pension schemes' inflation-linked liabilities. This mismatch is pushing real yields lower and limiting pension schemes' ability to match inflation risk. The document examines alternative sources of inflation-linked assets that pension schemes should consider to better match liabilities, such as infrastructure investments.
This document summarizes a breakfast teach-in on the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis and its potential impacts on UK pension funds. It provides background on the crisis and analyzes two sample pension fund allocations (A and B) under three potential Eurozone scenarios: a Greek default, breakup of the Eurozone periphery, and a full breakup of the Euro currency. Allocation B is found to better manage risks through a reduced equity allocation and increased allocation to less volatile assets.
The majority of respondents expect the following:
1) The EU economy will experience low growth in the next two years, with amend & extend and debt buybacks being the most prevalent forms of debt renegotiation.
2) The volume of European restructurings will peak in the second half of 2015 or first half of 2016.
3) Between 10-20% of sub-investment grade companies will face debt restructurings in 2015, marking an increase over 2014.
4) Most debt restructurings will originate from Southern Europe, particularly Italy and Spain.
The document summarizes the European mezzanine lending market in the first half of 2012. It finds that the number of active mezzanine lenders has decreased from 69 to 54 as the market continues to rationalize. Average maximum loan-to-value ratios have remained stable at 82.4% while required returns have fallen slightly to 15.6%. Mezzanine lending volumes increased over the last 12 months, though transaction activity has been limited by a weak senior debt market. The top three geographic markets for mezzanine lenders are the UK, Germany, and France.
Calling the shots_The evolution of European PE funding_Travers SmithRobert Imonikhe
The survey found that alternative debt instruments now account for two-thirds of private equity financing, with traditional bank debt making up just over one-third. Mezzanine financing and unitranche are expected to play a greater role in deals over the next 12 months due to their flexibility and favorable terms. Additionally, over half of respondents expect to see increased leverage in future deals as competition in lending and higher valuations lead sponsors to pursue buy and build strategies with looser debt restrictions.
Private Debt Investor is a global publication tracking the institutions, the funds and the transactions shaping the private debt markets.
What's included?
Seven things you need to know about Europe.
How to avoid an over-reliance on the UK, using a pan-European approach.
Blackrock's Stephen Caron on Europe's untapped prospects.
A European roundtable revealing opportunities in specialisation, regulation and the growth of markets outside the UK.
- The document discusses several topics related to investments and the London property market from the Summer 2016 issue of a magazine called Avantis Wealth.
- The first article analyzes whether the London property market is set to crash, noting that prices in London have skyrocketed since 2008 while remaining below peak levels in other parts of the UK. It argues oversupply of high-end properties in London combined with policies discouraging foreign buyers means a correction may be coming.
- The second piece discusses investment opportunities that are not correlated to the London property market, such as investments in care homes, German residential developments, and international resort properties, that typically offer fixed annual returns between 6-12%.
- The third section
This document outlines the key topics that will be covered in a lecture on recent macroeconomic trends in the British economy. It discusses the causes and consequences of the global financial crisis that began in 2007, including the housing bubble, subprime lending crisis, and contagion effects. It then examines the UK policy response to the recession, including quantitative easing, fiscal stimulus measures, and bank bailouts. Finally, it considers debates around failures of macroeconomic models to predict the crisis and the path to economic recovery.
Alternative Inflation Hedging InvestmentsRedington
The document discusses alternative investments that can provide inflation hedging for pension funds and insurance companies. It notes that traditional inflation-linked bonds do not meet growing demand. Alternative investments discussed that provide inflation linkage include real estate long leases, ground rents, infrastructure debt, and utility swaps. These alternatives can offer inflation protection while providing higher returns than traditional bonds through credit risk premiums. The document advocates that pension funds consider a wider range of inflation-linked assets beyond traditional bonds and swaps.
This document discusses the UK's policy response to the recent recession, which included reducing interest rates and quantitative easing. It also discusses international regulations like Basel III that increased capital ratio requirements for banks. The UK saw smaller employment declines than GDP declines during the recession due to wage moderation and employer financial stability. Ongoing issues discussed include the Eurozone debt crisis, financial sector regulation, and the road to economic recovery.
The BBA and Oliver Wyman published a report on the competitiveness of the UK as an international banking center. The report finds that while the UK banking sector and international banking play a critical role in the UK economy, the UK's advantages as a banking hub have eroded in recent years. New technologies and growing competitors like Singapore and Hong Kong threaten the UK's position. The report recommends that the UK government, regulators, and industry work together to develop a vision and coherent strategy to promote the UK's competitiveness, including establishing sound global regulation, predictable domestic regulation, talent attraction, and innovation support.
This document provides a 10-year retrospective on the Luxembourg financial sector from 2007-2017. It summarizes that while the Luxembourg financial sector grew almost 10 times faster than the European financial sector since 2007, overall profitability has declined. Funds under management doubled to €3.3 trillion, private banking AUM grew to €350 billion, and insurance premiums and reserves saw double-digit growth. However, increasing costs, regulatory requirements, and competition have reduced profit margins across sectors. The document examines trends in key sub-sectors and argues Luxembourg's success is due to its flexible open-architecture model, skilled workforce, accessible regulator, and diverse investment solutions.
Evaluating Sovereign Risk: Debt and Capital Markets. Derrill Allatt, Managing Partner, NewstatePartners, LLP
The panel will address the current state of sovereign capital markets, the realities of issuing government debt, and the future state of financing government expenditure.
1) The study examines whether high levels of corporate debt and short-term debt held back private corporate investment in Europe during the crisis.
2) The findings show that investment was linked to higher leverage, increased debt service costs, and relationships with weak banks. Firms with more long-term debt, which lowers rollover risk, increased investment more, especially if linked to weak banks.
3) Having a relationship with a weak bank negatively impacted investment, but this effect disappeared once demand shocks were controlled for. Debt overhang and rollover risk explained about 60% of the actual decline in aggregate corporate investment during the crisis period.
The outlook for the European banking sector is brighter than in the past two years, according to a survey of 184 senior bankers. Banks anticipate improved performance over the next six months as stronger balance sheets, healthier economies, and a fading sovereign debt crisis allow them to focus on growth. However, regulatory compliance now takes up more management focus as banks prepare for the European Central Bank's Asset Quality Review. Most banks expect to continue strengthening their balance sheets in the near term through further reducing assets and repaying central bank funding. Industry restructuring is also set to continue through asset sales, purchases, and consolidation.
European alternative lending continues to grow rapidly, led by the UK which accounts for 81% of the market. Growth in continental and eastern Europe is even faster. Yields remain attractive compared to traditional assets like bonds. While a few large players like Funding Circle have emerged, penetration of alternative lending remains low in Europe. As the market matures, players are focusing on withstanding potential downturns and exploring international expansion. Bordersless online lenders are also emerging to serve new regions. Overall, the market is expected to continue growing from its current penetration rate of less than 1% of the total lending market in Europe.