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UK Senior Lending Market
Quick Stats
OVERVIEW
• Changing lending landscapeChanging lending landscapeChanging lending landscapeChanging lending landscape
The number of lenders in the actively
The category shrank by 11,
almost doubled since 2010 to currently stand at
significant change in sentiment. Lenders remain very risk averse, with
preference for good assets and simple, conservative finance structures backed by
strong sponsors.
• Polarised marketPolarised marketPolarised marketPolarised market
The entry of six new lenders in 2011 was offset by the exit of five lenders. At one
extreme of the market we see increasing confidence and opportunity to grow
exposure to real estate lending, especially amongst insurance companies. They
2011201120112011 2010201020102010
Margins
Max LTVs
Hot Topics
•Of the 113 senior lenders with a UK
commercial real estate loan book, 70
are currently open to new business
•Increased cost of financing highlighted
by lower LTVs, with higher margins
•The imminent tier one capital ratio
requirement for eurozone banks has
significantly reduced lending capacity
•Insurance companies exception to the
overall trend. The Solvency II directive
encourages insurers to lend against
real estate, and on competitive terms
exposure to real estate lending, especially amongst insurance companies. They
now make up 14% of lenders (2010: 13%) and will become more prominent as
others enter the market in 2012. The other end of the market, however, is
characterised by weakening sentiment, highlighted by the recent exits of
and Société Générale.
• Diverse marketDiverse marketDiverse marketDiverse market
The exit of three German pfandbrief banks has resulted in a more diverse lending
market. At the end of 2010, German pfandbrief
group of lenders representing 20.3% of the total. European banks now make up
the largest group at 17.1%, followed by the pfandbrief banks and UK non
banks, each accounting for 15.7%.
• Lower LTVs and higher marginsLower LTVs and higher marginsLower LTVs and higher marginsLower LTVs and higher margins
During 2011, the average maximum LTV fell to 66.2% (2010: 68.5%), while
typical average margins increased to 2.6% (2010: 2.5%). These changes are
partially due the uncertainty under the new Basel III regulations. However,
economic uncertainty, weaker real estate market fundamentals and the credit
downgrades of major UK and European banks have also had a significant impact
on current lending strategies.
• Insurance companies offer competitive edgeInsurance companies offer competitive edgeInsurance companies offer competitive edgeInsurance companies offer competitive edge
Insurance companies are being incentivised by Solvency II to provide senior debt
to the UK commercial real estate market. As a result, they can offer an average
max LTV of 69.0%. The margins offered by insurers are also very competitive at anmax LTV of 69.0%. The margins offered by insurers are also very competitive at an
average of 2.4%, both these metrics compare favourably to the market overall.
UK Senior Commercial Real Estate Lending
SelectivelyLendingSelectivelyLendingSelectivelyLendingSelectivelyLending
22%22%22%22%
NotCurrentlyNotCurrentlyNotCurrentlyNotCurrently
38%38%38%38%
MarketView
UK Senior Lending Market
2011
CBRE
Changing lending landscapeChanging lending landscapeChanging lending landscapeChanging lending landscape
lenders in the actively lending category has fallen to 45 in 2011.
The category shrank by 11, whilst the number of those only lending selectively has
almost doubled since 2010 to currently stand at 25. This demonstrates a
significant change in sentiment. Lenders remain very risk averse, with a strong
for good assets and simple, conservative finance structures backed by
of six new lenders in 2011 was offset by the exit of five lenders. At one
extreme of the market we see increasing confidence and opportunity to grow
exposure to real estate lending, especially amongst insurance companies. Theyexposure to real estate lending, especially amongst insurance companies. They
now make up 14% of lenders (2010: 13%) and will become more prominent as
others enter the market in 2012. The other end of the market, however, is
characterised by weakening sentiment, highlighted by the recent exits of EuroHypo
The exit of three German pfandbrief banks has resulted in a more diverse lending
2010, German pfandbrief banks were the largest single
group of lenders representing 20.3% of the total. European banks now make up
the largest group at 17.1%, followed by the pfandbrief banks and UK non-clearing
banks, each accounting for 15.7%.
Lower LTVs and higher marginsLower LTVs and higher marginsLower LTVs and higher marginsLower LTVs and higher margins
During 2011, the average maximum LTV fell to 66.2% (2010: 68.5%), while
typical average margins increased to 2.6% (2010: 2.5%). These changes are
partially due the uncertainty under the new Basel III regulations. However,
economic uncertainty, weaker real estate market fundamentals and the credit
downgrades of major UK and European banks have also had a significant impact
on current lending strategies.
Insurance companies offer competitive edgeInsurance companies offer competitive edgeInsurance companies offer competitive edgeInsurance companies offer competitive edge
Insurance companies are being incentivised by Solvency II to provide senior debt
to the UK commercial real estate market. As a result, they can offer an average
max LTV of 69.0%. The margins offered by insurers are also very competitive at anmax LTV of 69.0%. The margins offered by insurers are also very competitive at an
average of 2.4%, both these metrics compare favourably to the market overall.
©2011, CBRE, Inc.
UK Senior Commercial Real Estate Lending Market, 2011
Total: 113 lenders
SelectivelyLendingSelectivelyLendingSelectivelyLendingSelectivelyLending
22%22%22%22%
European (Non-UK) 10%
Insurance Company 5%
Investment Bank 2%
Middle Eastern/Asian/African
4%
Pfandbrief Bank 8%
UK Clearing Bank 6%
UK Non-Clearing Bank 4%
ActivelyLendingActivelyLendingActivelyLendingActivelyLending
40%40%40%40%
MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket
ABOUT THE REPORT
This report examines the UK Senior Lending Market
in terms of the market’s lending appetite and
parameters. Of the 356 institutions with banking
licence present in the UK (according to the FSA’s
regulatory list), 113 have a commercial real estate
loan book. This report has been compiled by CBRE’s
Debt Advisory team to monitor the capacity of the
UK senior lending market.
MARKET ACTIVITY
Since the last analysis the number of players actively
or selectively lending in the UK commercial real
estate market increased to 70 (from 69 in 2010).
During the year, five lenders closed their loan book,
while six new lenders (of which two are European
banks) entered the UK in the same period.banks) entered the UK in the same period.
It is very important to highlight that, while the overall
number of total lenders increased slightly, those in
the ‘actively lending’ category has actually fallen to
only 45 in 2011. Particularly, investment banks and
UK non-clearing banks became more selective in
their lending strategies during the year, and CBRE is
seeing this trend accelerating more broadly across
all lender categories.
The entry of two new European lenders makes this
the largest category of active lenders, with 17.1% of
the market, closely followed by the German
pfandbrief banks and UK non-clearing banks
holding 15.7% each. This is resulting in a more
diverse lending market, with a wider range of lender
types.
As with most lenders today, European banks have a
strong preference to lend against prime real estate,
predominately in Central London. For instance, ING
2011
predominately in Central London. For instance, ING
Real Estate Finance together with DekaBank
provided a £338 million 5-year senior debt facility to
Westbrook Partners, from which they refinanced the
iconic Shell-Mex House in London’s Strand.
Domestic lenders also stayed fairly active. Between
them, UK clearing and non-clearing banks account
for around a quarter of lenders in the market. This is
in line with the numbers reported back in 2010.
Page 2
©2011, CBRE Group, Inc.
13
25
Shift in Sentiment: Number of Lenders 2010 v 2011
UK Senior Lending Market by Lender Type, 2011
LENDER TYPE
ACTIVELY
LENDING
SELECTIVELY
LENDING
TOTAL
LENDING
AS %
MARKET SHARE
v 2010
Building Society - 5 5 7.1% ▼
European (Non-UK) 11 1 12 17.1% ▲
Insurance Company 6 4 10 14.3% ▲
Investment Bank 2 5 7 10.0% ▼
Middle Eastern/Asian/African 5 2 7 10.0% ▼
PfandbriefBank 9 2 11 15.7% ▼
UK Clearing Bank 7 - 7 10.0% ▼
UK Non-Clearing Bank 5 6 11 15.7% ▲
TotalTotalTotalTotal 45454545 25252525 70707070 100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%
56
45
2010 2011
Actively Lending Selectively Lending
So far in 2011, we have seen a number of deals by
UK clearing banks secured against high-quality
assets. For example, in May UK Commercial
Property Trust purchased the Rotunda leisure centre
in Kingston upon Thames in south-west London for
£50.7 million. This is a fully-let prime scheme that
benefits from being located in an affluent London
suburb. The acquisition was partially funded throughsuburb. The acquisition was partially funded through
the remaining £37.9 million of debt facility with
Lloyd’s and £15.0 million from a new debt facility
provided by Barclays.
However, insurance companies remained the “hot
topic” in the UK commercial real estate lending
market during 2011. They continued to expand their
lending capacities throughout the year, albeit heavily
focusing on very prime assets and larger lot sizes.
For example, Aviva, a long time provider of senior
debt in the UK, transacted over £650 million in
loans during the first half of the year alone. Recent
transactions include the £205 million portfolio
refinance for Peel Land & Holdings secured on 53
assets and the £22.5 million facility to Development
Securities secured against five assets.
One new insurance company has entered the UK
market so far in 2011, bringing the list of active
insurers to ten. The Solvency II directive, still under
revision, is likely to make real estate lending more
attractive than direct real estate investment due toattractive than direct real estate investment due to
differences in the risk capital requirement. Under the
directive, we expect more insurers to enter the debt
market and strengthen their commercial real estate
lending platforms, as well as allowing insurers to
offer very competitive lending terms. CBRE is already
seeing this demonstrated in loan terms offered by
insurers, which currently stand at an average max
LTV of 69.0%, above the market average of 66.2%.
The insurers expected to enter the market in the near
future are Legal & General, Standard Life and a few
others who remain confidential at this point. Aside
from the incentive created by Solvency II, the benefits
of increasing margins and asset diversification
offered by UK commercial real estate is encouraging
these insurers to launch a senior debt lending
platform.
As their lending strategies are still evolving, the
number of deals executed by these new entrants to
the market will remain fairly low in the short term.the market will remain fairly low in the short term.
However, their loan terms should be very competitive
once the lending models are in place. Over the
medium-to-long term, we expect insurance
companies could account for as much as 15-20% of
the UK lending market, as is the case in the USA.
MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket
The activity of Middle-Eastern, Asian and African
banks remained similar to that in 2010. Even more
so than the rest, these lenders remain exclusively
focused on the Central London market and
predominately prime assets. Recent examples
include the £115 million senior debt facility provided
by Bank Hapoalim to Park Plaza Group for the
refinancing of an existing facility secured against the
Park Plaza Westminster Bridge, London. As reported,
the interest on the loan is 2.65% per annum over 3-
month Sterling Libor, which will increase by 2% on
any part of the loan that causes the LTV ratio to
exceed 70%.
The debt facility builds on the existing relationship
between the parties. This is similar to other players in
this group, where existing relationship between the
lender and its client is as important as the propertylender and its client is as important as the property
against which the loan is secured. Right now the
market is very polarised. As discussed above, there
are lenders who will only lend to clients they have an
existing relationship with, and/or who have a strong
connection to their domestic market. On the other
hand, there are a number of larger, established
lenders employing more aggressive strategies, and
who are more open to building new relationships if
the transaction and asset is right.
For instance, German lender pbb Deutsche
Pfandbriefbank provided a £39.1 million financing
facility to Almacanter in June for the £80 million
purchase of Marble Arch Tower. This is the first
transaction between the two and demonstrates the
flexibility and openness to new partnership when the
asset in question has strong fundamentals. The
mixed-use property is one of the most prominent
buildings in London’s West End.
2011
Page 3
©2011, CBRE Group, Inc.
SOME SENIOR LENDERS EXIT
In total 43 lenders, or 38% of those with a UK real
estate loan book, are now closed to new lending.
Since the start of the year, five previously active
lenders either withdrew or temporarily closed their
books.
The most significant lender to temporarily suspend all
new lending in the UK was the German pfandbrief
bank EuroHypo. For the year to date and prior to its
withdrawal, the bank provided loans in excess of £650
million (with commitment to provide additional loans
to transactions that passed through credit approval
prior to its withdrawal). High profile deals completed
this year include the £86.7 million, five-year loan to
Max Property Group for the acquisition of London’s St.
Katherine Docks and the £180 million senior debt
secured against Westfield’s Stratford City shopping
MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket
secured against Westfield’s Stratford City shopping
centre.
The decision to suspend all new lending was part of its
parent company Commerzbank’s wider strategy to
meet the revised capital requirements of the European
Banking Authority’s Basel III regulations. All Eurozone
banks are required to raise a 9% tier one capital ratio
by the end of June next year.
EuroHypo’s exit follows the withdrawal of another
major German pfandbrief lender - DG Hyp. At the
start of the year, DG Hyp announced it would cease its
foreign lending business to focus on its home market.
The upcoming Basel III regulations were cited as the
main reason for this withdrawal. Going forward, the
bank’s international loan portfolio will be managed
from Germany, with the intention to continue selective
issuance of new international financing for its German
clients.
The other categories of banks that remain inactive inThe other categories of banks that remain inactive in
the current market include:
1. Irish banks who are focused on trying to recover
their “bad” loans;
2. Investments banks who are in a standstill position
as the syndication and distribution market in
which they act as intermediaries remain virtually
non-existent;
3. Certain European banks who are overly exposed
to Southern European debt, or themselves facing
wider problems as their domestic economies face
fiscal crisis.
Page 4
2011
©2011, CBRE Group, Inc.
withdrawal, the bank provided loans in excess of £650
Max Property Group for the acquisition of London’s St.
Inactive Senior Lenders, 2011
LENDER TYPE NOT LENDING AS %
Building Society 10 23.3%
European (Non-UK) 14 32.6%
Insurance Company 3 7.0%
Investment Bank 3 7.0%
Middle Eastern/Asian/African 2 4.7%
PfandbriefBank 6 14.0%
UK Clearing Bank 4 9.3%
UK Non-Clearing Bank 1 2.3%
TotalTotalTotalTotal 43434343 100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%
Currently many banks are reviewing their activities
and for those who are over-exposed, there will be an
imminent need to face capital adequacy issues
relating to Basel III through other means. Possible
solutions range from balance-sheet restructuring
and disposing of legacy assets to, ultimately, a
The decision to suspend all new lending was part of its
meet the revised capital requirements of the European
cease its
issuance of new international financing for its German
and disposing of legacy assets to, ultimately, a
withdrawal from new lending, at least on a
temporary basis.
LTVs AND MARGINS
During 2011, maximum LTVs fell to an average of 66.2%,
compared to 68.5% at the end of 2010*. While appetite
to finance prime assets remains strong, activity outside
this segment of the market is limited. Considering the level
of uncertainty in both the economy and banking sector,
and the upcoming regulatory changes, we do not expect
this trend to change in the medium term.
The impending Basel III regulations have also restricted
many banks from lending above 65% LTV. The impact
was clearly noted across all lenders, especially German
pfandbrief banks who, less than a year ago, were offering
an average max LTV of 69.5%. Insurance companies were
the sole exception, offering more competitive max LTVs of
69.0% on average, a marginal increase on the 68.8% at
the end of 2010. In addition to lower LTVs, the overall
margin offered against UK real estate has continued tomargin offered against UK real estate has continued to
rise. Currently it stands at an average of 2.6%, compared
with 2.5% at the end of 2010 - the increase is a reflection
of a less liquid senior lending market, coupled with the
increase in the cost of financing*.
Appetite to finance prime offices and retail assets remains
strong, with average max LTVs offered of up to 66.9%
and 66.4% respectively. Good quality office and retail
assets are perceived to be generally less risky, and this is
reflected in the low pricing of loans, with average margins
between 2.5% and 2.6%.
Many lenders are looking at the same type of quality
assets, resulting in greater competition and a convergence
in loan terms on offer. On closer inspection, it is
insurance companies who offer the most competitive
terms against good quality office and retail, with
maximum LTVs of 70.0% and at a typical price of 2.3%,
some 20-30 bps below the market average. Interestingly,
under their current strategies, insurance companies are
not lending against residential or development assets. Thenot lending against residential or development assets. The
accrued income aspect associated with residential
development assets does not match their risk-return
profile.
Financing “more risky” residential and development assets
is generally more difficult in the current environment, with
relatively few lenders active in these segments at the
moment. Reflective of the risk and the unpredictability of
future cash flows, the typical margins are high at around
3.4%. The majority of lenders active in this category are
UK banks, who have a proven track record and a deep
understanding of the local residential development
markets.
* excluding investment banks and residential assets
LENDER TYPE AV MAX LTV TREND
TYPICAL
MARGIN
TREND
European (Non-UK) 61.9% ▼ 2.8% ▲
Insurance Company 69.0% ▲ 2.4% ▲
Investment Bank 77.1% ▼ 4.0% =
Middle Eastern/Asian/African 65.0% ▼ 3.1% ▲
PfandbriefBank 67.0% ▼ 2.4% ▲
UK Clearing Bank 66.5% ▼ 2.5% ▲
UK Non-Clearing Bank 64.2% ▼ 3.6% ▲
Overall Market: LTVs and Margins, 2011
MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket
LENDER TYPE AV MAX LTV TYPICAL MARGIN
European (Non-UK) 63.3% 2.6%
Insurance Company 70.0% 2.3%
Middle Eastern/Asian/African 65.0% 2.6%
PfandbriefBank 68.5% 2.3%
UK Clearing Bank 68.2% 2.3%
Lending Terms for Offices, 2011
increase in the cost of financing*.
UK Clearing Bank 68.2% 2.3%
UK Non-Clearing Bank 67.0% 3.3%
OverallOverallOverallOverall 66.9%66.9%66.9%66.9% 2.5%2.5%2.5%2.5%
LENDER TYPE AV MAX LTV TYPICAL MARGIN
European (Non-UK) 63.3% 2.6%
Insurance Company 70.0% 2.3%
Middle Eastern/Asian/African 66.3% 2.9%
PfandbriefBank 68.0% 2.3%
UK Clearing Bank 66.3% 2.5%
UK Non-Clearing Bank 65.0% 3.3%
OverallOverallOverallOverall 66.4%66.4%66.4%66.4% 2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6%
LENDER TYPE AV MAX LTV TYPICAL MARGIN
European (Non-UK) 63.1% 2.8%
Insurance Company 67.0% 2.5%
Middle Eastern/Asian/African 62.5% 2.8%
PfandbriefBank 65.0% 2.4%
Lending Terms for Logistics, 2011
Lending Terms for Retail, 2011
Page 5
PfandbriefBank 65.0% 2.4%
UK Clearing Bank 63.8% 2.6%
UK Non-Clearing Bank 65.0% 3.4%
OverallOverallOverallOverall 64.4%64.4%64.4%64.4% 2.7%2.7%2.7%2.7%
LENDER TYPE AV MAX LTV TYPICAL MARGIN
European (Non-UK) 52.5% 3.1%
Insurance Company n/a n/a
Middle Eastern/Asian/African 64.3% 3.4%
PfandbriefBank 55.0% 3.5%
UK Clearing Bank 63.8% 3.5%
UK Non-Clearing Bank 61.3% 3.5%
OverallOverallOverallOverall 60.7%60.7%60.7%60.7% 3.4%3.4%3.4%3.4%
Lending Terms for Residential/Development, 2011
2011
©2011, CBRE Group, Inc.
LOAN SIZE
Even in the current market, there are still numerous
lenders who have the appetite to underwrite large
ticket transactions in a single tranche. For instance,
insurance companies have stated that, on average,
they could provide loans as high as £150 million, with
some prepared to go as high as £200 million against
the right asset.
MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket
LENDER TYPE AVG MIN AVG MAX AVG TICKET SIZE
European (Non-UK) £16.8m £91.5m £56.7m
Insurance Company £20.8m £150.0m £65.0m
Investment Bank £30.0m £179.2m n/a
Middle Eastern/Asian/African £3.1m £24.2m £8.0m
PfandbriefBank £16.8m £83.2m £44.7m
UK Clearing Bank £6.5m £76.3m £32.5m
UK Non-Clearing Bank £1.4m £20.0m £9.5m
Lending Capacity, 2011
Investment banks are also prepared to look at similar
ticket sizes. However, whilst most lenders hold their
loans to maturity, investment banks traditionally tend
to “lend-to-distribute” through securitisation or
syndication, retaining only a small percentage on their
balance sheet. However, as the securitisation and
syndication markets are still generally closed, they are
currently limited to issuing much smaller tickets.
Even insurance companies, currently providers of the
largest loans on the market, are looking at a wide
range of deals, starting from as small as £5 million up
to £200 million. Loans at the upper end of this scale
can only be offered against larger exceptional assets.
UK Non-Clearing Bank £1.4m £20.0m £9.5m
Min, Max and Average Loan Size Offered, by Lender Type, 2011
£250.0m
Page 6
£91.5m
2011
©2011, CBRE Group, Inc.
£56.7m
£65.0m
£0.0m
£50.0m
£100.0m
£150.0m
£200.0m
European (Non-UK) Insurance Company Investment Banks Middle Eastern/Asian/African
as high as £150 million, with
The senior loan of £150 million provided by MetLife to
Beacon Capital Partners for the refinancing of MidCity
Place, London is one such example. M&G have also
provided a £100 million unsecured loan to residential
developer Grainger for its Newlands Common
development in Waterlooville, Hampshire.
The situation becomes more difficult for borrowers
looking for more than £150 million in a single tranche
and usually means that the borrower will need to pull
together a club deal with several senior lenders. This,
however, is only achievable with the right asset, and at
the right pricing and leverage. A recent success story
includes the £550 million club debt package secured
against Westfield’s Stratford City shopping centre. The
deal was signed with Eurohypo, HSBC and Credit
Agricole Corporate – acting as joint lead arranger –
each providing a third of the six-year senior debt
syndication, retaining only a small percentage on their
5 million up
each providing a third of the six-year senior debt
package.
Since then, the lead arrangers have successfully
completed the syndication of the senior debt package
with an additional seven senior lenders. It has been
reported that the ten senior lenders are each holding a
final stake of £52 million to £58 million. Secured
against a very prominent asset, this is clearly one of
the few very exceptional deals where the lead
arrangers have been confident in lending a large ticket
size with the associated syndication risk. It is believed
to be the largest UK property senior debt issuance so
far this year.
2011
£8.0m
£44.7m £32.5m
£9.5m
Middle Eastern/Asian/African Pfandbriefbank UK Clearing Bank UK Non-Clearing Bank
Avg Min- Avg Max Loan Size
Avg Ticket Size
Range of Responses
Average Max LTV in Regional Cities, 2011
Typical Margin in Regional Cities, 2011
LENDER TYPE BIRMINGHAM GLASGOW MANCHESTER
Building Society 62.5% - 65.0%
European (non-UK) 61.3% 60.0% 61.3%
Insurance Company 67.8% 67.5% 67.2%
PfandbriefBank 65.8% 65.0% 65.8%
UK Clearing Bank 65.0% 64.5% 65.4%
UK Non-Clearing Bank - 55.0% -
AvgAvgAvgAvg Max LTVMax LTVMax LTVMax LTV 64.5%64.5%64.5%64.5% 62.4%62.4%62.4%62.4% 64.9%64.9%64.9%64.9%
LENDER TYPE BIRMINGHAM GLASGOW MANCHESTER
Building Society 3.5% - 4.0%
European (non-UK) 2.8% 3.0% 2.7%
Insurance Company 2.5% 2.7% 2.5%
PfandbriefBank 2.5% 2.8% 2.7%
UK Clearing Bank 2.6% 2.5% 2.6%
UK Non-Clearing Bank - 5.0% -UK Non-Clearing Bank - 5.0% -
AvgAvgAvgAvg MarginMarginMarginMargin 2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8% 3.2%3.2%3.2%3.2% 2.9%2.9%2.9%2.9%
H12011
REGIONAL CITIES
The availability of senior debt in regional cities
remains difficult to come by, especially in locations
where economic fundamentals are weaker. During
the year lenders continued to be very risk averse, even
more so since the summer. Generally, very few banks
are prepared to take on any secondary risk, and
those who do structure loans to include high
amortisation costs to protect themselves from adverse
market movements.
The majority of banks with regional offices are UK
clearing and non-clearing banks, who have close
relationships with their regional clients and a good
working knowledge of the local property market. For
instance, in August Barclays provided an £8.3 million
loan facility to W.P. Carey for the refinancing of the
National Express headquarters and coach terminal in
MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket
National Express headquarters and coach terminal in
Birmingham.
On one side, the benefits of having local branches
have encouraged other lenders, who wish to gain
exposure in the UK regional markets, to set up
provincial offices. Handelsbanken recently opened a
branch in Solihull, which is to be followed by two
further openings in the West Midlands. Each branch is
to be decentralised, with capacity to provide
mortgages of up to £100 million. Overall, however,
we expect the new lenders in the regions to provide
finance conservatively until they gain a deeper
understanding of the local markets.
Nevertheless, the market suggests that there has been
a slight increase in the number of deals transacted by
London-based lenders in the regions. In June, pbb
Deutsche Pfandbriefbank provided a £94.3 million
facility to EPISO LP fund to refinance the acquisition of
the Sapphire Properties Portfolio, consisting of three
shopping centres located in Bumley, Cardiff andshopping centres located in Bumley, Cardiff and
Harlow. This follows the £34.5 million facility
provided by the bank to AREA Property Partners, F&C
REIT Asset Management and ESAS Holding to fund
the acquisition of the Halton Lea shopping centre in
Runcorn, Cheshire and a parade of retail units and
office suites in Stevenage, Hertfordshire.
Page 7
2011
©2011, CBRE Group, Inc.
OUTLOOK
Going forward, we expect there to be a further reduction in senior lending market liquidity in the near
term. In 2012, we will see an even greater change in lender
lending’ to ‘selectively lending’. This will deteriorate further over the mid
into the ‘not currently lending’ category. The recent announcement
suspension of all new lending activity have generated uncertainty in the market for both borrowers and other
lenders.
Along with increased financing costs and the political and economic instability of the
renewed concerns over the UK economy and the possibility that property values might fall once again. This,
combined with upcoming regulations and higher capital adequacy requirements, means that lenders will remain
very risk-averse, providing more conservative finance structures against prime assets in core UK markets that
demonstrate strong fundamentals and stable cash-flow.
Since the beginning of the year, insurance companies have already gained a larger market share, with further
increases expected as these new entrants continue to build up their senior lending platforms. The pricing and loan
terms offered by insurance companies are already competing with those provided by pfandbrief banks and UK
clearing banks. With the UK lending market becoming more diverse in terms of types of lenders active, we expect
MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket
clearing banks. With the UK lending market becoming more diverse in terms of types of lenders active, we expect
there to be an even greater competition, especially when it comes to financing prime assets. Ultimately, we expect
insurance companies to hold near to one-fifth of the lending market, similar to the position of insurers in the US
lending market.
Debt Advisory specialises in loan sale, loan arranging and debt restructuring. The
investors and developers to investment funds on raising senior, junior and mezzanine financing for acquisitions,
restructuring, refinancing and developments, as well as loan sales and loan buybacks.
UKUKUKUK & EMEA Debt Advisory& EMEA Debt Advisory& EMEA Debt Advisory& EMEA Debt Advisory
Natale Giostra
Senior Director, UK & EMEA Debt Advisory
CBRE
Henrietta House
Henrietta Place
London W1G 0NB
t: +44 20 7182 2931
e: natale.giostra@cbre.com
Mital Patel
UK & EMEA Debt Advisory
CBRE
Henrietta House
Henrietta Place
London W1G 0NB
t: +44 20 7182 2915
e: mital.patel@cbre.com
For more information regarding the MarketView,please contact:
Disclaimer 2011 CBRE
Information herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. While we do not doubt its accuracy, we have not ve
representation about it. It is your responsibility to independently confirm its accuracy and completeness. Any projections, o
example only and do not represent the current or future performance of the market. This information is designed exclusively f
reproduced without prior written permission of CBRE. © Copyright 2011 CBRE Group, Inc.
CBRE is the market leading commercial real estate adviser worldwide - an adviser strategically dedicated to providing cross
clients immediately and at the highest level. We have 400 offices in 58 countries across the globe, and employ 24,000 people
combined with our international perspective, ensures that we are able to offer a consistently high standard of service across
of services, visit www.cbre.com.
restructuring, refinancing and developments, as well as loan sales and loan buybacks.
team have originated loans in excess of £1.2 billion.
The UK and EMEA team is led from London and has a local presence in Paris, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Madrid,
Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow. There are 19 members across five jurisdictions. All have a strong investment and
real estate banking background, having previously held senior positions at major financial institutions such as Goldman
Sachs, Anglo Irish Bank, Citi, Barclays, Lloyds, ING, ABN AMRO, and BBVA.
2011
©2011, CBRE Group, Inc.
OUTLOOK
Going forward, we expect there to be a further reduction in senior lending market liquidity in the near-to-medium
lender sentiment, with a more pronounced shift from ‘actively
‘selectively lending’. This will deteriorate further over the mid-to-long term, with more lenders moving
announcement of EuroHypo and Société Générale’s
generated uncertainty in the market for both borrowers and other
Along with increased financing costs and the political and economic instability of the eurozone, there are also
renewed concerns over the UK economy and the possibility that property values might fall once again. This,
combined with upcoming regulations and higher capital adequacy requirements, means that lenders will remain
averse, providing more conservative finance structures against prime assets in core UK markets that
flow.
Since the beginning of the year, insurance companies have already gained a larger market share, with further
increases expected as these new entrants continue to build up their senior lending platforms. The pricing and loan
terms offered by insurance companies are already competing with those provided by pfandbrief banks and UK
clearing banks. With the UK lending market becoming more diverse in terms of types of lenders active, we expectclearing banks. With the UK lending market becoming more diverse in terms of types of lenders active, we expect
there to be an even greater competition, especially when it comes to financing prime assets. Ultimately, we expect
fifth of the lending market, similar to the position of insurers in the US
specialises in loan sale, loan arranging and debt restructuring. The team advises clients, ranging from
investors and developers to investment funds on raising senior, junior and mezzanine financing for acquisitions,
as well as loan sales and loan buybacks. Since 2010 the UK and EMEA
Iryna Pylypchuk
Associate Director, EMEA Research
CBRE
St Martin’s Court
10 Paternoster Row
London EC4M 7HP
t: +44 20 7182 3184
e: iryna.pylypchuk@cbre.com
& EMEA Debt Advisory
Henrietta House
London W1G 0NB
t: +44 20 7182 2915
mital.patel@cbre.com
EMEA ResearchEMEA ResearchEMEA ResearchEMEA Research
Information herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. While we do not doubt its accuracy, we have not verified it and make no guarantee, warranty or
representation about it. It is your responsibility to independently confirm its accuracy and completeness. Any projections, opinions, assumptions or estimates used are for
example only and do not represent the current or future performance of the market. This information is designed exclusively for use by CBRE clients, and cannot be
reproduced without prior written permission of CBRE. © Copyright 2011 CBRE Group, Inc.
an adviser strategically dedicated to providing cross-border advice to corporates and investment
clients immediately and at the highest level. We have 400 offices in 58 countries across the globe, and employ 24,000 people worldwide. Our network of local expertise,
combined with our international perspective, ensures that we are able to offer a consistently high standard of service across the world. For full list of CBRE offices and details
as well as loan sales and loan buybacks. Since 2010 the UK and EMEA
The UK and EMEA team is led from London and has a local presence in Paris, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Madrid,
Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow. There are 19 members across five jurisdictions. All have a strong investment and
real estate banking background, having previously held senior positions at major financial institutions such as Goldman
Sachs, Anglo Irish Bank, Citi, Barclays, Lloyds, ING, ABN AMRO, and BBVA.

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UK Senior Lending MarketView 2011

  • 1. UK Senior Lending Market Quick Stats OVERVIEW • Changing lending landscapeChanging lending landscapeChanging lending landscapeChanging lending landscape The number of lenders in the actively The category shrank by 11, almost doubled since 2010 to currently stand at significant change in sentiment. Lenders remain very risk averse, with preference for good assets and simple, conservative finance structures backed by strong sponsors. • Polarised marketPolarised marketPolarised marketPolarised market The entry of six new lenders in 2011 was offset by the exit of five lenders. At one extreme of the market we see increasing confidence and opportunity to grow exposure to real estate lending, especially amongst insurance companies. They 2011201120112011 2010201020102010 Margins Max LTVs Hot Topics •Of the 113 senior lenders with a UK commercial real estate loan book, 70 are currently open to new business •Increased cost of financing highlighted by lower LTVs, with higher margins •The imminent tier one capital ratio requirement for eurozone banks has significantly reduced lending capacity •Insurance companies exception to the overall trend. The Solvency II directive encourages insurers to lend against real estate, and on competitive terms exposure to real estate lending, especially amongst insurance companies. They now make up 14% of lenders (2010: 13%) and will become more prominent as others enter the market in 2012. The other end of the market, however, is characterised by weakening sentiment, highlighted by the recent exits of and Société Générale. • Diverse marketDiverse marketDiverse marketDiverse market The exit of three German pfandbrief banks has resulted in a more diverse lending market. At the end of 2010, German pfandbrief group of lenders representing 20.3% of the total. European banks now make up the largest group at 17.1%, followed by the pfandbrief banks and UK non banks, each accounting for 15.7%. • Lower LTVs and higher marginsLower LTVs and higher marginsLower LTVs and higher marginsLower LTVs and higher margins During 2011, the average maximum LTV fell to 66.2% (2010: 68.5%), while typical average margins increased to 2.6% (2010: 2.5%). These changes are partially due the uncertainty under the new Basel III regulations. However, economic uncertainty, weaker real estate market fundamentals and the credit downgrades of major UK and European banks have also had a significant impact on current lending strategies. • Insurance companies offer competitive edgeInsurance companies offer competitive edgeInsurance companies offer competitive edgeInsurance companies offer competitive edge Insurance companies are being incentivised by Solvency II to provide senior debt to the UK commercial real estate market. As a result, they can offer an average max LTV of 69.0%. The margins offered by insurers are also very competitive at anmax LTV of 69.0%. The margins offered by insurers are also very competitive at an average of 2.4%, both these metrics compare favourably to the market overall. UK Senior Commercial Real Estate Lending SelectivelyLendingSelectivelyLendingSelectivelyLendingSelectivelyLending 22%22%22%22% NotCurrentlyNotCurrentlyNotCurrentlyNotCurrently 38%38%38%38% MarketView UK Senior Lending Market 2011 CBRE Changing lending landscapeChanging lending landscapeChanging lending landscapeChanging lending landscape lenders in the actively lending category has fallen to 45 in 2011. The category shrank by 11, whilst the number of those only lending selectively has almost doubled since 2010 to currently stand at 25. This demonstrates a significant change in sentiment. Lenders remain very risk averse, with a strong for good assets and simple, conservative finance structures backed by of six new lenders in 2011 was offset by the exit of five lenders. At one extreme of the market we see increasing confidence and opportunity to grow exposure to real estate lending, especially amongst insurance companies. Theyexposure to real estate lending, especially amongst insurance companies. They now make up 14% of lenders (2010: 13%) and will become more prominent as others enter the market in 2012. The other end of the market, however, is characterised by weakening sentiment, highlighted by the recent exits of EuroHypo The exit of three German pfandbrief banks has resulted in a more diverse lending 2010, German pfandbrief banks were the largest single group of lenders representing 20.3% of the total. European banks now make up the largest group at 17.1%, followed by the pfandbrief banks and UK non-clearing banks, each accounting for 15.7%. Lower LTVs and higher marginsLower LTVs and higher marginsLower LTVs and higher marginsLower LTVs and higher margins During 2011, the average maximum LTV fell to 66.2% (2010: 68.5%), while typical average margins increased to 2.6% (2010: 2.5%). These changes are partially due the uncertainty under the new Basel III regulations. However, economic uncertainty, weaker real estate market fundamentals and the credit downgrades of major UK and European banks have also had a significant impact on current lending strategies. Insurance companies offer competitive edgeInsurance companies offer competitive edgeInsurance companies offer competitive edgeInsurance companies offer competitive edge Insurance companies are being incentivised by Solvency II to provide senior debt to the UK commercial real estate market. As a result, they can offer an average max LTV of 69.0%. The margins offered by insurers are also very competitive at anmax LTV of 69.0%. The margins offered by insurers are also very competitive at an average of 2.4%, both these metrics compare favourably to the market overall. ©2011, CBRE, Inc. UK Senior Commercial Real Estate Lending Market, 2011 Total: 113 lenders SelectivelyLendingSelectivelyLendingSelectivelyLendingSelectivelyLending 22%22%22%22% European (Non-UK) 10% Insurance Company 5% Investment Bank 2% Middle Eastern/Asian/African 4% Pfandbrief Bank 8% UK Clearing Bank 6% UK Non-Clearing Bank 4% ActivelyLendingActivelyLendingActivelyLendingActivelyLending 40%40%40%40%
  • 2. MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket ABOUT THE REPORT This report examines the UK Senior Lending Market in terms of the market’s lending appetite and parameters. Of the 356 institutions with banking licence present in the UK (according to the FSA’s regulatory list), 113 have a commercial real estate loan book. This report has been compiled by CBRE’s Debt Advisory team to monitor the capacity of the UK senior lending market. MARKET ACTIVITY Since the last analysis the number of players actively or selectively lending in the UK commercial real estate market increased to 70 (from 69 in 2010). During the year, five lenders closed their loan book, while six new lenders (of which two are European banks) entered the UK in the same period.banks) entered the UK in the same period. It is very important to highlight that, while the overall number of total lenders increased slightly, those in the ‘actively lending’ category has actually fallen to only 45 in 2011. Particularly, investment banks and UK non-clearing banks became more selective in their lending strategies during the year, and CBRE is seeing this trend accelerating more broadly across all lender categories. The entry of two new European lenders makes this the largest category of active lenders, with 17.1% of the market, closely followed by the German pfandbrief banks and UK non-clearing banks holding 15.7% each. This is resulting in a more diverse lending market, with a wider range of lender types. As with most lenders today, European banks have a strong preference to lend against prime real estate, predominately in Central London. For instance, ING 2011 predominately in Central London. For instance, ING Real Estate Finance together with DekaBank provided a £338 million 5-year senior debt facility to Westbrook Partners, from which they refinanced the iconic Shell-Mex House in London’s Strand. Domestic lenders also stayed fairly active. Between them, UK clearing and non-clearing banks account for around a quarter of lenders in the market. This is in line with the numbers reported back in 2010. Page 2 ©2011, CBRE Group, Inc. 13 25 Shift in Sentiment: Number of Lenders 2010 v 2011 UK Senior Lending Market by Lender Type, 2011 LENDER TYPE ACTIVELY LENDING SELECTIVELY LENDING TOTAL LENDING AS % MARKET SHARE v 2010 Building Society - 5 5 7.1% ▼ European (Non-UK) 11 1 12 17.1% ▲ Insurance Company 6 4 10 14.3% ▲ Investment Bank 2 5 7 10.0% ▼ Middle Eastern/Asian/African 5 2 7 10.0% ▼ PfandbriefBank 9 2 11 15.7% ▼ UK Clearing Bank 7 - 7 10.0% ▼ UK Non-Clearing Bank 5 6 11 15.7% ▲ TotalTotalTotalTotal 45454545 25252525 70707070 100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0% 56 45 2010 2011 Actively Lending Selectively Lending So far in 2011, we have seen a number of deals by UK clearing banks secured against high-quality assets. For example, in May UK Commercial Property Trust purchased the Rotunda leisure centre in Kingston upon Thames in south-west London for £50.7 million. This is a fully-let prime scheme that benefits from being located in an affluent London suburb. The acquisition was partially funded throughsuburb. The acquisition was partially funded through the remaining £37.9 million of debt facility with Lloyd’s and £15.0 million from a new debt facility provided by Barclays.
  • 3. However, insurance companies remained the “hot topic” in the UK commercial real estate lending market during 2011. They continued to expand their lending capacities throughout the year, albeit heavily focusing on very prime assets and larger lot sizes. For example, Aviva, a long time provider of senior debt in the UK, transacted over £650 million in loans during the first half of the year alone. Recent transactions include the £205 million portfolio refinance for Peel Land & Holdings secured on 53 assets and the £22.5 million facility to Development Securities secured against five assets. One new insurance company has entered the UK market so far in 2011, bringing the list of active insurers to ten. The Solvency II directive, still under revision, is likely to make real estate lending more attractive than direct real estate investment due toattractive than direct real estate investment due to differences in the risk capital requirement. Under the directive, we expect more insurers to enter the debt market and strengthen their commercial real estate lending platforms, as well as allowing insurers to offer very competitive lending terms. CBRE is already seeing this demonstrated in loan terms offered by insurers, which currently stand at an average max LTV of 69.0%, above the market average of 66.2%. The insurers expected to enter the market in the near future are Legal & General, Standard Life and a few others who remain confidential at this point. Aside from the incentive created by Solvency II, the benefits of increasing margins and asset diversification offered by UK commercial real estate is encouraging these insurers to launch a senior debt lending platform. As their lending strategies are still evolving, the number of deals executed by these new entrants to the market will remain fairly low in the short term.the market will remain fairly low in the short term. However, their loan terms should be very competitive once the lending models are in place. Over the medium-to-long term, we expect insurance companies could account for as much as 15-20% of the UK lending market, as is the case in the USA. MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket The activity of Middle-Eastern, Asian and African banks remained similar to that in 2010. Even more so than the rest, these lenders remain exclusively focused on the Central London market and predominately prime assets. Recent examples include the £115 million senior debt facility provided by Bank Hapoalim to Park Plaza Group for the refinancing of an existing facility secured against the Park Plaza Westminster Bridge, London. As reported, the interest on the loan is 2.65% per annum over 3- month Sterling Libor, which will increase by 2% on any part of the loan that causes the LTV ratio to exceed 70%. The debt facility builds on the existing relationship between the parties. This is similar to other players in this group, where existing relationship between the lender and its client is as important as the propertylender and its client is as important as the property against which the loan is secured. Right now the market is very polarised. As discussed above, there are lenders who will only lend to clients they have an existing relationship with, and/or who have a strong connection to their domestic market. On the other hand, there are a number of larger, established lenders employing more aggressive strategies, and who are more open to building new relationships if the transaction and asset is right. For instance, German lender pbb Deutsche Pfandbriefbank provided a £39.1 million financing facility to Almacanter in June for the £80 million purchase of Marble Arch Tower. This is the first transaction between the two and demonstrates the flexibility and openness to new partnership when the asset in question has strong fundamentals. The mixed-use property is one of the most prominent buildings in London’s West End. 2011 Page 3 ©2011, CBRE Group, Inc.
  • 4. SOME SENIOR LENDERS EXIT In total 43 lenders, or 38% of those with a UK real estate loan book, are now closed to new lending. Since the start of the year, five previously active lenders either withdrew or temporarily closed their books. The most significant lender to temporarily suspend all new lending in the UK was the German pfandbrief bank EuroHypo. For the year to date and prior to its withdrawal, the bank provided loans in excess of £650 million (with commitment to provide additional loans to transactions that passed through credit approval prior to its withdrawal). High profile deals completed this year include the £86.7 million, five-year loan to Max Property Group for the acquisition of London’s St. Katherine Docks and the £180 million senior debt secured against Westfield’s Stratford City shopping MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket secured against Westfield’s Stratford City shopping centre. The decision to suspend all new lending was part of its parent company Commerzbank’s wider strategy to meet the revised capital requirements of the European Banking Authority’s Basel III regulations. All Eurozone banks are required to raise a 9% tier one capital ratio by the end of June next year. EuroHypo’s exit follows the withdrawal of another major German pfandbrief lender - DG Hyp. At the start of the year, DG Hyp announced it would cease its foreign lending business to focus on its home market. The upcoming Basel III regulations were cited as the main reason for this withdrawal. Going forward, the bank’s international loan portfolio will be managed from Germany, with the intention to continue selective issuance of new international financing for its German clients. The other categories of banks that remain inactive inThe other categories of banks that remain inactive in the current market include: 1. Irish banks who are focused on trying to recover their “bad” loans; 2. Investments banks who are in a standstill position as the syndication and distribution market in which they act as intermediaries remain virtually non-existent; 3. Certain European banks who are overly exposed to Southern European debt, or themselves facing wider problems as their domestic economies face fiscal crisis. Page 4 2011 ©2011, CBRE Group, Inc. withdrawal, the bank provided loans in excess of £650 Max Property Group for the acquisition of London’s St. Inactive Senior Lenders, 2011 LENDER TYPE NOT LENDING AS % Building Society 10 23.3% European (Non-UK) 14 32.6% Insurance Company 3 7.0% Investment Bank 3 7.0% Middle Eastern/Asian/African 2 4.7% PfandbriefBank 6 14.0% UK Clearing Bank 4 9.3% UK Non-Clearing Bank 1 2.3% TotalTotalTotalTotal 43434343 100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0% Currently many banks are reviewing their activities and for those who are over-exposed, there will be an imminent need to face capital adequacy issues relating to Basel III through other means. Possible solutions range from balance-sheet restructuring and disposing of legacy assets to, ultimately, a The decision to suspend all new lending was part of its meet the revised capital requirements of the European cease its issuance of new international financing for its German and disposing of legacy assets to, ultimately, a withdrawal from new lending, at least on a temporary basis.
  • 5. LTVs AND MARGINS During 2011, maximum LTVs fell to an average of 66.2%, compared to 68.5% at the end of 2010*. While appetite to finance prime assets remains strong, activity outside this segment of the market is limited. Considering the level of uncertainty in both the economy and banking sector, and the upcoming regulatory changes, we do not expect this trend to change in the medium term. The impending Basel III regulations have also restricted many banks from lending above 65% LTV. The impact was clearly noted across all lenders, especially German pfandbrief banks who, less than a year ago, were offering an average max LTV of 69.5%. Insurance companies were the sole exception, offering more competitive max LTVs of 69.0% on average, a marginal increase on the 68.8% at the end of 2010. In addition to lower LTVs, the overall margin offered against UK real estate has continued tomargin offered against UK real estate has continued to rise. Currently it stands at an average of 2.6%, compared with 2.5% at the end of 2010 - the increase is a reflection of a less liquid senior lending market, coupled with the increase in the cost of financing*. Appetite to finance prime offices and retail assets remains strong, with average max LTVs offered of up to 66.9% and 66.4% respectively. Good quality office and retail assets are perceived to be generally less risky, and this is reflected in the low pricing of loans, with average margins between 2.5% and 2.6%. Many lenders are looking at the same type of quality assets, resulting in greater competition and a convergence in loan terms on offer. On closer inspection, it is insurance companies who offer the most competitive terms against good quality office and retail, with maximum LTVs of 70.0% and at a typical price of 2.3%, some 20-30 bps below the market average. Interestingly, under their current strategies, insurance companies are not lending against residential or development assets. Thenot lending against residential or development assets. The accrued income aspect associated with residential development assets does not match their risk-return profile. Financing “more risky” residential and development assets is generally more difficult in the current environment, with relatively few lenders active in these segments at the moment. Reflective of the risk and the unpredictability of future cash flows, the typical margins are high at around 3.4%. The majority of lenders active in this category are UK banks, who have a proven track record and a deep understanding of the local residential development markets. * excluding investment banks and residential assets LENDER TYPE AV MAX LTV TREND TYPICAL MARGIN TREND European (Non-UK) 61.9% ▼ 2.8% ▲ Insurance Company 69.0% ▲ 2.4% ▲ Investment Bank 77.1% ▼ 4.0% = Middle Eastern/Asian/African 65.0% ▼ 3.1% ▲ PfandbriefBank 67.0% ▼ 2.4% ▲ UK Clearing Bank 66.5% ▼ 2.5% ▲ UK Non-Clearing Bank 64.2% ▼ 3.6% ▲ Overall Market: LTVs and Margins, 2011 MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket LENDER TYPE AV MAX LTV TYPICAL MARGIN European (Non-UK) 63.3% 2.6% Insurance Company 70.0% 2.3% Middle Eastern/Asian/African 65.0% 2.6% PfandbriefBank 68.5% 2.3% UK Clearing Bank 68.2% 2.3% Lending Terms for Offices, 2011 increase in the cost of financing*. UK Clearing Bank 68.2% 2.3% UK Non-Clearing Bank 67.0% 3.3% OverallOverallOverallOverall 66.9%66.9%66.9%66.9% 2.5%2.5%2.5%2.5% LENDER TYPE AV MAX LTV TYPICAL MARGIN European (Non-UK) 63.3% 2.6% Insurance Company 70.0% 2.3% Middle Eastern/Asian/African 66.3% 2.9% PfandbriefBank 68.0% 2.3% UK Clearing Bank 66.3% 2.5% UK Non-Clearing Bank 65.0% 3.3% OverallOverallOverallOverall 66.4%66.4%66.4%66.4% 2.6%2.6%2.6%2.6% LENDER TYPE AV MAX LTV TYPICAL MARGIN European (Non-UK) 63.1% 2.8% Insurance Company 67.0% 2.5% Middle Eastern/Asian/African 62.5% 2.8% PfandbriefBank 65.0% 2.4% Lending Terms for Logistics, 2011 Lending Terms for Retail, 2011 Page 5 PfandbriefBank 65.0% 2.4% UK Clearing Bank 63.8% 2.6% UK Non-Clearing Bank 65.0% 3.4% OverallOverallOverallOverall 64.4%64.4%64.4%64.4% 2.7%2.7%2.7%2.7% LENDER TYPE AV MAX LTV TYPICAL MARGIN European (Non-UK) 52.5% 3.1% Insurance Company n/a n/a Middle Eastern/Asian/African 64.3% 3.4% PfandbriefBank 55.0% 3.5% UK Clearing Bank 63.8% 3.5% UK Non-Clearing Bank 61.3% 3.5% OverallOverallOverallOverall 60.7%60.7%60.7%60.7% 3.4%3.4%3.4%3.4% Lending Terms for Residential/Development, 2011 2011 ©2011, CBRE Group, Inc.
  • 6. LOAN SIZE Even in the current market, there are still numerous lenders who have the appetite to underwrite large ticket transactions in a single tranche. For instance, insurance companies have stated that, on average, they could provide loans as high as £150 million, with some prepared to go as high as £200 million against the right asset. MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket LENDER TYPE AVG MIN AVG MAX AVG TICKET SIZE European (Non-UK) £16.8m £91.5m £56.7m Insurance Company £20.8m £150.0m £65.0m Investment Bank £30.0m £179.2m n/a Middle Eastern/Asian/African £3.1m £24.2m £8.0m PfandbriefBank £16.8m £83.2m £44.7m UK Clearing Bank £6.5m £76.3m £32.5m UK Non-Clearing Bank £1.4m £20.0m £9.5m Lending Capacity, 2011 Investment banks are also prepared to look at similar ticket sizes. However, whilst most lenders hold their loans to maturity, investment banks traditionally tend to “lend-to-distribute” through securitisation or syndication, retaining only a small percentage on their balance sheet. However, as the securitisation and syndication markets are still generally closed, they are currently limited to issuing much smaller tickets. Even insurance companies, currently providers of the largest loans on the market, are looking at a wide range of deals, starting from as small as £5 million up to £200 million. Loans at the upper end of this scale can only be offered against larger exceptional assets. UK Non-Clearing Bank £1.4m £20.0m £9.5m Min, Max and Average Loan Size Offered, by Lender Type, 2011 £250.0m Page 6 £91.5m 2011 ©2011, CBRE Group, Inc. £56.7m £65.0m £0.0m £50.0m £100.0m £150.0m £200.0m European (Non-UK) Insurance Company Investment Banks Middle Eastern/Asian/African as high as £150 million, with The senior loan of £150 million provided by MetLife to Beacon Capital Partners for the refinancing of MidCity Place, London is one such example. M&G have also provided a £100 million unsecured loan to residential developer Grainger for its Newlands Common development in Waterlooville, Hampshire. The situation becomes more difficult for borrowers looking for more than £150 million in a single tranche and usually means that the borrower will need to pull together a club deal with several senior lenders. This, however, is only achievable with the right asset, and at the right pricing and leverage. A recent success story includes the £550 million club debt package secured against Westfield’s Stratford City shopping centre. The deal was signed with Eurohypo, HSBC and Credit Agricole Corporate – acting as joint lead arranger – each providing a third of the six-year senior debt syndication, retaining only a small percentage on their 5 million up each providing a third of the six-year senior debt package. Since then, the lead arrangers have successfully completed the syndication of the senior debt package with an additional seven senior lenders. It has been reported that the ten senior lenders are each holding a final stake of £52 million to £58 million. Secured against a very prominent asset, this is clearly one of the few very exceptional deals where the lead arrangers have been confident in lending a large ticket size with the associated syndication risk. It is believed to be the largest UK property senior debt issuance so far this year. 2011 £8.0m £44.7m £32.5m £9.5m Middle Eastern/Asian/African Pfandbriefbank UK Clearing Bank UK Non-Clearing Bank Avg Min- Avg Max Loan Size Avg Ticket Size Range of Responses
  • 7. Average Max LTV in Regional Cities, 2011 Typical Margin in Regional Cities, 2011 LENDER TYPE BIRMINGHAM GLASGOW MANCHESTER Building Society 62.5% - 65.0% European (non-UK) 61.3% 60.0% 61.3% Insurance Company 67.8% 67.5% 67.2% PfandbriefBank 65.8% 65.0% 65.8% UK Clearing Bank 65.0% 64.5% 65.4% UK Non-Clearing Bank - 55.0% - AvgAvgAvgAvg Max LTVMax LTVMax LTVMax LTV 64.5%64.5%64.5%64.5% 62.4%62.4%62.4%62.4% 64.9%64.9%64.9%64.9% LENDER TYPE BIRMINGHAM GLASGOW MANCHESTER Building Society 3.5% - 4.0% European (non-UK) 2.8% 3.0% 2.7% Insurance Company 2.5% 2.7% 2.5% PfandbriefBank 2.5% 2.8% 2.7% UK Clearing Bank 2.6% 2.5% 2.6% UK Non-Clearing Bank - 5.0% -UK Non-Clearing Bank - 5.0% - AvgAvgAvgAvg MarginMarginMarginMargin 2.8%2.8%2.8%2.8% 3.2%3.2%3.2%3.2% 2.9%2.9%2.9%2.9% H12011 REGIONAL CITIES The availability of senior debt in regional cities remains difficult to come by, especially in locations where economic fundamentals are weaker. During the year lenders continued to be very risk averse, even more so since the summer. Generally, very few banks are prepared to take on any secondary risk, and those who do structure loans to include high amortisation costs to protect themselves from adverse market movements. The majority of banks with regional offices are UK clearing and non-clearing banks, who have close relationships with their regional clients and a good working knowledge of the local property market. For instance, in August Barclays provided an £8.3 million loan facility to W.P. Carey for the refinancing of the National Express headquarters and coach terminal in MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket National Express headquarters and coach terminal in Birmingham. On one side, the benefits of having local branches have encouraged other lenders, who wish to gain exposure in the UK regional markets, to set up provincial offices. Handelsbanken recently opened a branch in Solihull, which is to be followed by two further openings in the West Midlands. Each branch is to be decentralised, with capacity to provide mortgages of up to £100 million. Overall, however, we expect the new lenders in the regions to provide finance conservatively until they gain a deeper understanding of the local markets. Nevertheless, the market suggests that there has been a slight increase in the number of deals transacted by London-based lenders in the regions. In June, pbb Deutsche Pfandbriefbank provided a £94.3 million facility to EPISO LP fund to refinance the acquisition of the Sapphire Properties Portfolio, consisting of three shopping centres located in Bumley, Cardiff andshopping centres located in Bumley, Cardiff and Harlow. This follows the £34.5 million facility provided by the bank to AREA Property Partners, F&C REIT Asset Management and ESAS Holding to fund the acquisition of the Halton Lea shopping centre in Runcorn, Cheshire and a parade of retail units and office suites in Stevenage, Hertfordshire. Page 7 2011 ©2011, CBRE Group, Inc.
  • 8. OUTLOOK Going forward, we expect there to be a further reduction in senior lending market liquidity in the near term. In 2012, we will see an even greater change in lender lending’ to ‘selectively lending’. This will deteriorate further over the mid into the ‘not currently lending’ category. The recent announcement suspension of all new lending activity have generated uncertainty in the market for both borrowers and other lenders. Along with increased financing costs and the political and economic instability of the renewed concerns over the UK economy and the possibility that property values might fall once again. This, combined with upcoming regulations and higher capital adequacy requirements, means that lenders will remain very risk-averse, providing more conservative finance structures against prime assets in core UK markets that demonstrate strong fundamentals and stable cash-flow. Since the beginning of the year, insurance companies have already gained a larger market share, with further increases expected as these new entrants continue to build up their senior lending platforms. The pricing and loan terms offered by insurance companies are already competing with those provided by pfandbrief banks and UK clearing banks. With the UK lending market becoming more diverse in terms of types of lenders active, we expect MarketViewUKSeniorLendingMarket clearing banks. With the UK lending market becoming more diverse in terms of types of lenders active, we expect there to be an even greater competition, especially when it comes to financing prime assets. Ultimately, we expect insurance companies to hold near to one-fifth of the lending market, similar to the position of insurers in the US lending market. Debt Advisory specialises in loan sale, loan arranging and debt restructuring. The investors and developers to investment funds on raising senior, junior and mezzanine financing for acquisitions, restructuring, refinancing and developments, as well as loan sales and loan buybacks. UKUKUKUK & EMEA Debt Advisory& EMEA Debt Advisory& EMEA Debt Advisory& EMEA Debt Advisory Natale Giostra Senior Director, UK & EMEA Debt Advisory CBRE Henrietta House Henrietta Place London W1G 0NB t: +44 20 7182 2931 e: natale.giostra@cbre.com Mital Patel UK & EMEA Debt Advisory CBRE Henrietta House Henrietta Place London W1G 0NB t: +44 20 7182 2915 e: mital.patel@cbre.com For more information regarding the MarketView,please contact: Disclaimer 2011 CBRE Information herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. While we do not doubt its accuracy, we have not ve representation about it. It is your responsibility to independently confirm its accuracy and completeness. Any projections, o example only and do not represent the current or future performance of the market. This information is designed exclusively f reproduced without prior written permission of CBRE. © Copyright 2011 CBRE Group, Inc. CBRE is the market leading commercial real estate adviser worldwide - an adviser strategically dedicated to providing cross clients immediately and at the highest level. We have 400 offices in 58 countries across the globe, and employ 24,000 people combined with our international perspective, ensures that we are able to offer a consistently high standard of service across of services, visit www.cbre.com. restructuring, refinancing and developments, as well as loan sales and loan buybacks. team have originated loans in excess of £1.2 billion. The UK and EMEA team is led from London and has a local presence in Paris, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Madrid, Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow. There are 19 members across five jurisdictions. All have a strong investment and real estate banking background, having previously held senior positions at major financial institutions such as Goldman Sachs, Anglo Irish Bank, Citi, Barclays, Lloyds, ING, ABN AMRO, and BBVA. 2011 ©2011, CBRE Group, Inc. OUTLOOK Going forward, we expect there to be a further reduction in senior lending market liquidity in the near-to-medium lender sentiment, with a more pronounced shift from ‘actively ‘selectively lending’. This will deteriorate further over the mid-to-long term, with more lenders moving announcement of EuroHypo and Société Générale’s generated uncertainty in the market for both borrowers and other Along with increased financing costs and the political and economic instability of the eurozone, there are also renewed concerns over the UK economy and the possibility that property values might fall once again. This, combined with upcoming regulations and higher capital adequacy requirements, means that lenders will remain averse, providing more conservative finance structures against prime assets in core UK markets that flow. Since the beginning of the year, insurance companies have already gained a larger market share, with further increases expected as these new entrants continue to build up their senior lending platforms. The pricing and loan terms offered by insurance companies are already competing with those provided by pfandbrief banks and UK clearing banks. With the UK lending market becoming more diverse in terms of types of lenders active, we expectclearing banks. With the UK lending market becoming more diverse in terms of types of lenders active, we expect there to be an even greater competition, especially when it comes to financing prime assets. Ultimately, we expect fifth of the lending market, similar to the position of insurers in the US specialises in loan sale, loan arranging and debt restructuring. The team advises clients, ranging from investors and developers to investment funds on raising senior, junior and mezzanine financing for acquisitions, as well as loan sales and loan buybacks. Since 2010 the UK and EMEA Iryna Pylypchuk Associate Director, EMEA Research CBRE St Martin’s Court 10 Paternoster Row London EC4M 7HP t: +44 20 7182 3184 e: iryna.pylypchuk@cbre.com & EMEA Debt Advisory Henrietta House London W1G 0NB t: +44 20 7182 2915 mital.patel@cbre.com EMEA ResearchEMEA ResearchEMEA ResearchEMEA Research Information herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. While we do not doubt its accuracy, we have not verified it and make no guarantee, warranty or representation about it. It is your responsibility to independently confirm its accuracy and completeness. Any projections, opinions, assumptions or estimates used are for example only and do not represent the current or future performance of the market. This information is designed exclusively for use by CBRE clients, and cannot be reproduced without prior written permission of CBRE. © Copyright 2011 CBRE Group, Inc. an adviser strategically dedicated to providing cross-border advice to corporates and investment clients immediately and at the highest level. We have 400 offices in 58 countries across the globe, and employ 24,000 people worldwide. Our network of local expertise, combined with our international perspective, ensures that we are able to offer a consistently high standard of service across the world. For full list of CBRE offices and details as well as loan sales and loan buybacks. Since 2010 the UK and EMEA The UK and EMEA team is led from London and has a local presence in Paris, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Madrid, Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow. There are 19 members across five jurisdictions. All have a strong investment and real estate banking background, having previously held senior positions at major financial institutions such as Goldman Sachs, Anglo Irish Bank, Citi, Barclays, Lloyds, ING, ABN AMRO, and BBVA.