Copper is an essential trace mineral that plays important roles in the body. It is involved in producing red blood cells, absorbing iron, and synthesizing proteins and enzymes involved in energy production, nerve transmission, blood clotting, and oxygen transport. Copper also stimulates the immune system and helps fight infections. Good dietary sources of copper include seafood, organ meats, whole grains, nuts, legumes, and chocolate. While copper deficiency and toxicity are rare, adequate intake is important for health. Pregnant women and nursing mothers have higher copper needs. Infants are more sensitive to deficiency due to their rapid growth and development.
Nutrition refers to the intake of food and nutrients that are necessary to maintain health and support growth. There are six major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. Each nutrient plays an important role in the body - carbohydrates and fats provide energy, proteins help the body repair and grow, vitamins and minerals help control important processes and build cells, and water helps digest food and regulate temperature. Maintaining good nutrition through a balanced diet reduces the risk of diseases like diabetes and heart disease.
This document discusses nutritional deficiencies and their effects on dentofacial growth and development. It covers the classes of nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. It then examines specific deficiencies of proteins, vitamins like thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin, vitamin C, D and minerals and their oral and dental manifestations. Protein deficiencies like kwashiorkor and marasmus cause growth failure, skin changes, hair changes and liver enlargement. Vitamin deficiencies result in conditions like beriberi, angular cheilitis, pellagra and scurvy, rickets and osteomalacia, causing effects on the oral cavity, teeth
Effect of various nutritional deficiences on growth and development /certifie...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The document discusses several common nutrient deficiencies in the American diet that can cause a variety of symptoms. It outlines 7 key vitamins and minerals - vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, iodine, iron, magnesium, and zinc - noting their important functions, dietary sources, recommended daily amounts, and potential deficiency symptoms like fatigue, poor memory, and depression. The document advises consulting a physician before taking supplements to address any deficiencies.
Nutritional deficiency disorders in humans can be caused by inadequate intake, excess intake, malabsorption, or disease. There are several major types of deficiencies including mineral deficiencies like calcium, phosphorus, and iron; vitamin deficiencies like Vitamins A and B; and deficiencies in proteins and lipids. Common symptoms of deficiencies include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, irritability, and increased risk of diseases like rickets, osteoporosis, and anemia. Treatments involve consuming nutrient-rich foods and supplements to improve intake of the deficient nutrient.
Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. A balanced diet containing adequate amounts of all nutrients is necessary for good health, while a poor diet can cause deficiency diseases and malnutrition. There are two types of nutrients, macronutrients which are required in large amounts like carbohydrates, fats and proteins, and micronutrients which are required in trace amounts like vitamins and minerals. Malnutrition occurs when the diet does not contain adequate calories, protein or nutrients for daily needs.
Role of vitamins in orthodontics final /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document outlines an innovative lesson plan for a 9th standard Biology class on nutrients. The lesson plan aims to develop students' knowledge, process skills, and attitudes around nutrients through various teaching methods like lectures, demonstrations, group discussions and evaluations. Key concepts to be covered include the six main components of a balanced diet - carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, lipids and water. Students will learn about the main sources and functions of each nutrient through class activities involving listing, grouping and labeling different food items based on their nutrient content.
Nutrition refers to the intake of food and nutrients that are necessary to maintain health and support growth. There are six major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. Each nutrient plays an important role in the body - carbohydrates and fats provide energy, proteins help the body repair and grow, vitamins and minerals help control important processes and build cells, and water helps digest food and regulate temperature. Maintaining good nutrition through a balanced diet reduces the risk of diseases like diabetes and heart disease.
This document discusses nutritional deficiencies and their effects on dentofacial growth and development. It covers the classes of nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. It then examines specific deficiencies of proteins, vitamins like thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin, vitamin C, D and minerals and their oral and dental manifestations. Protein deficiencies like kwashiorkor and marasmus cause growth failure, skin changes, hair changes and liver enlargement. Vitamin deficiencies result in conditions like beriberi, angular cheilitis, pellagra and scurvy, rickets and osteomalacia, causing effects on the oral cavity, teeth
Effect of various nutritional deficiences on growth and development /certifie...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The document discusses several common nutrient deficiencies in the American diet that can cause a variety of symptoms. It outlines 7 key vitamins and minerals - vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, iodine, iron, magnesium, and zinc - noting their important functions, dietary sources, recommended daily amounts, and potential deficiency symptoms like fatigue, poor memory, and depression. The document advises consulting a physician before taking supplements to address any deficiencies.
Nutritional deficiency disorders in humans can be caused by inadequate intake, excess intake, malabsorption, or disease. There are several major types of deficiencies including mineral deficiencies like calcium, phosphorus, and iron; vitamin deficiencies like Vitamins A and B; and deficiencies in proteins and lipids. Common symptoms of deficiencies include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, irritability, and increased risk of diseases like rickets, osteoporosis, and anemia. Treatments involve consuming nutrient-rich foods and supplements to improve intake of the deficient nutrient.
Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. A balanced diet containing adequate amounts of all nutrients is necessary for good health, while a poor diet can cause deficiency diseases and malnutrition. There are two types of nutrients, macronutrients which are required in large amounts like carbohydrates, fats and proteins, and micronutrients which are required in trace amounts like vitamins and minerals. Malnutrition occurs when the diet does not contain adequate calories, protein or nutrients for daily needs.
Role of vitamins in orthodontics final /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document outlines an innovative lesson plan for a 9th standard Biology class on nutrients. The lesson plan aims to develop students' knowledge, process skills, and attitudes around nutrients through various teaching methods like lectures, demonstrations, group discussions and evaluations. Key concepts to be covered include the six main components of a balanced diet - carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, lipids and water. Students will learn about the main sources and functions of each nutrient through class activities involving listing, grouping and labeling different food items based on their nutrient content.
This document discusses nutrition and its impact on oral health. It begins by defining key terms like diet, nutrition, and malnutrition. It then classifies foods and describes macronutrients like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates and micronutrients like vitamins and minerals. The document outlines the recommended daily intake of specific nutrients. It discusses the effects of nutrition on oral tissues like dental caries and periodontal disease. Finally, it stresses the importance of a balanced diet for maintaining overall health and minimizing nutritional deficiencies that can impact oral health.
The document discusses the importance of proper nutrition and food supplements for health. It notes that while medical knowledge has advanced, Americans are less healthy with higher rates of obesity and chronic disease. It emphasizes that humans are biologically designed to be herbivores based on characteristics like teeth, digestive system length and acidity. A healthy diet involves consuming plants, fruits and vegetables while avoiding meat, refined foods and substances like sugar, salt, caffeine and alcohol. Maintaining good nutrition supports the healthy functioning of the body's systems down to the cellular level.
Nutrition /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses important organic and inorganic molecules, vitamins, minerals, and basic food groups. It notes that water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, minerals and organic salts are common inorganic molecules. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are important organic compounds. It also outlines the 13 vitamins and their functions, as well as important minerals and their roles. Finally, it describes the 7 basic food groups and their nutritional contributions.
This document provides information on nutrition and balanced diets. It defines key terms like nutrition, diet, and nutrients. It describes the classification of foods by origin, chemical composition, predominant function, and nutritive value. The major nutrients of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are explained. A balanced diet is outlined as one containing different types of foods in adequate quantities and proportions to meet energy and nutrient needs. Recommended dietary allowances and nutritional assessment methods are also summarized.”
This document provides information on nutrients including vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, fats and water. It defines each category and lists their functions in the body. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy while proteins aid growth and repair. Both saturated and unsaturated fats are discussed. Vitamins help the body use other nutrients and are divided into fat-soluble and water-soluble types. Minerals regulate chemical reactions and build tissues, with calcium and iron named as important macro minerals. The document concludes by listing common food sources of vitamins and minerals.
The document discusses malnutrition and the constituents of food that are necessary for proper nutrition. It notes that malnutrition is caused by insufficient or unhealthy feeding and outlines the signs of a malnourished child. It emphasizes the role of schools and parents in providing nutrition education and a balanced diet. The document then describes the main constituents of food - proteins, carbohydrates, fats, salts, vitamins and water - and explains their importance and sources. It stresses essential interventions like breastfeeding, complementary feeding and dietary supplements to combat malnutrition.
This document provides information on micronutrients including vitamins and minerals. It discusses the functions, sources, deficiency and excess symptoms of various vitamins (A, D, E, K, B vitamins, C) and minerals (calcium, iron, phosphorus, potassium). The learning objectives are to understand the importance of micronutrients, know the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, learn about major minerals and trace elements, and understand the problems caused by malnutrition.
This document discusses trace elements and microminerals that are essential for human nutrition. It defines trace elements as minerals needed in small amounts like iron, iodine, fluorine, zinc and copper. It outlines the functions, dietary requirements and sources of these key microminerals. It further describes deficiencies that can arise from inadequate intake of minerals like iron-deficiency anemia and iodine deficiency disorders. The document concludes with highlighting national programs in place for prevention and control of micromineral deficiencies in populations.
1. The document discusses the essential macronutrients and micronutrients that make up a healthy human diet, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
2. It describes the roles of each in the body, their sources from foods, and potential deficiency symptoms.
3. Key nutrients discussed include essential fatty acids, fiber, cholesterol, amino acids, antioxidants, calcium, sodium, and water.
This document discusses nutrition and the classes of food. It begins by outlining the importance of food for providing energy, growth, and protecting the body. It then defines the seven major classes of food: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber. Each class is described in terms of its chemical composition, sources, functions in the body, and effects of deficiencies. The document stresses the importance of a balanced diet containing all food classes in appropriate proportions for health and preventing diseases.
The document discusses the effects of nutrition on oral health. It explains that malnutrition can lead to dental caries, periodontal diseases, and malocclusion due to effects on teeth development, saliva, and jaw growth. Specific nutritional deficiencies like iron, protein, vitamins, and minerals are linked to increased risk of oral infections. A balanced diet containing proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals is important for overall health and preventing oral diseases. Preventive measures include nutritional education programs at family and community levels.
Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and is obtained through foods like seaweed and seafood or iodized salt. Iodine deficiency can cause goiter and irreversible intellectual and growth impairments while excess iodine can inhibit the thyroid. Various indicators are used to assess iodine status including urinary iodine and thyroid size. Iodine interacts with medications for hyperthyroidism and high blood pressure and deficiencies in selenium or vitamins A, E, zinc and iron can exacerbate effects of iodine deficiency.
This document discusses trace minerals that are important for cattle reproduction and health. It begins by introducing trace minerals like copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, iodine, cobalt, and iron. It then discusses the role of each mineral in cattle metabolism, health, and reproduction. For each mineral, it provides information on dietary requirements, potential deficiencies, and importance. It also includes tables listing mineral content in various feed ingredients and calculating total mineral intake from a sample diet. The document aims to educate on the importance of adequate trace mineral nutrition for cattle.
B.sc. biochemistry sem 1 introduction to biochemistry unit 3.2 nutritional bi...Rai University
This document provides an introduction to biochemistry and nutrition. It defines key terms like nutrients and discusses the classification of foods by origin, chemical composition, and predominant function. The major macronutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) are described in detail including their sources, functions, deficiency symptoms, and dietary recommendations. Common foods like cereals are analyzed for their nutritional profiles and contributions. The document concludes with definitions of malnutrition and its impacts on global health.
Malnutrition is caused by a poor diet lacking in essential nutrients like protein, vitamins, and minerals. It can result from insufficient nutrient intake or the inability to absorb nutrients properly. Malnutrition affects individuals dependent on others for food like infants, the elderly, and ill people. However, the leading cause of malnutrition is poverty, as those living on less than $1 per day have very limited access to a balanced diet and healthcare. Nutritional deficiencies weaken the body and can lead to diseases like kwashiorkor, marasmus, beriberi, pellagra, scurvy, and rickets.
This document provides an overview of major micronutrient deficiencies, focusing on vitamin A, iron, zinc, folate, and iodine. It describes what each nutrient is, why it is needed, common food sources, daily recommended intake amounts, deficiency symptoms, and treatment options. High rates of deficiencies for several nutrients like vitamin A and folate are reported in Ethiopia. Preventing deficiencies involves consuming a nutritious diet containing these essential micronutrients and programs like iodized salt to provide iodine where food sources are limited.
Nutrition is very important for a growing child as it not only effects the general health but also the oral health, which are ultimately interrelated. This presentation will help you to understand Nutrition as a Pediatric Dentist.
Social pharmacy unit 3rd Nutrition and Health PART - 1Sumit Tiwari
Basics of nutrition – Macronutrients and Micronutrients
Importance of water and fibres in diet (1)
Balanced diet, Malnutrition, nutrition deficiency diseases,
ill effects of junk foods, calorific and nutritive values of
various foods, fortification of food (3)
Introduction to food safety, adulteration of foods, effects
of artificial ripening, use of pesticides, genetically
modified foods (1)
Dietary supplements
nutraceuticals,
food supplements
– indications, benefits, Drug-Food Interactions
Introduction
Definitions
Nutrition & Normal occlusion
Calcium
Phosphorous
Vitamins D , A & C
Nutritional deficiencies
Nutrition & Dentofacial growth
Role of Nutritional counseling
Conclusion
In this, I explain you about the different minerals in our diet. It also helps us moving in proper diet, leading healthy life. Its a starter to parent how to feed the child. It can be useful for the students pursuing home science. This is a basic introduction on foods. Images may not be described but it has a very good brief content which helps for easy understanding
The document discusses malnutrition around the world. It states that the Democratic Republic of Congo has the highest rate of malnutrition, with 72% of its population malnourished. India has the largest number of malnourished people at 221 million, though it has a lower rate of 22% due to its large population size of over 1.2 billion. Malnutrition is caused by improper, insufficient, or imbalanced diets that lack necessary calories, nutrients, or have too many calories leading to obesity.
This document discusses nutrition and its impact on oral health. It begins by defining key terms like diet, nutrition, and malnutrition. It then classifies foods and describes macronutrients like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates and micronutrients like vitamins and minerals. The document outlines the recommended daily intake of specific nutrients. It discusses the effects of nutrition on oral tissues like dental caries and periodontal disease. Finally, it stresses the importance of a balanced diet for maintaining overall health and minimizing nutritional deficiencies that can impact oral health.
The document discusses the importance of proper nutrition and food supplements for health. It notes that while medical knowledge has advanced, Americans are less healthy with higher rates of obesity and chronic disease. It emphasizes that humans are biologically designed to be herbivores based on characteristics like teeth, digestive system length and acidity. A healthy diet involves consuming plants, fruits and vegetables while avoiding meat, refined foods and substances like sugar, salt, caffeine and alcohol. Maintaining good nutrition supports the healthy functioning of the body's systems down to the cellular level.
Nutrition /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses important organic and inorganic molecules, vitamins, minerals, and basic food groups. It notes that water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, minerals and organic salts are common inorganic molecules. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are important organic compounds. It also outlines the 13 vitamins and their functions, as well as important minerals and their roles. Finally, it describes the 7 basic food groups and their nutritional contributions.
This document provides information on nutrition and balanced diets. It defines key terms like nutrition, diet, and nutrients. It describes the classification of foods by origin, chemical composition, predominant function, and nutritive value. The major nutrients of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are explained. A balanced diet is outlined as one containing different types of foods in adequate quantities and proportions to meet energy and nutrient needs. Recommended dietary allowances and nutritional assessment methods are also summarized.”
This document provides information on nutrients including vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, fats and water. It defines each category and lists their functions in the body. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy while proteins aid growth and repair. Both saturated and unsaturated fats are discussed. Vitamins help the body use other nutrients and are divided into fat-soluble and water-soluble types. Minerals regulate chemical reactions and build tissues, with calcium and iron named as important macro minerals. The document concludes by listing common food sources of vitamins and minerals.
The document discusses malnutrition and the constituents of food that are necessary for proper nutrition. It notes that malnutrition is caused by insufficient or unhealthy feeding and outlines the signs of a malnourished child. It emphasizes the role of schools and parents in providing nutrition education and a balanced diet. The document then describes the main constituents of food - proteins, carbohydrates, fats, salts, vitamins and water - and explains their importance and sources. It stresses essential interventions like breastfeeding, complementary feeding and dietary supplements to combat malnutrition.
This document provides information on micronutrients including vitamins and minerals. It discusses the functions, sources, deficiency and excess symptoms of various vitamins (A, D, E, K, B vitamins, C) and minerals (calcium, iron, phosphorus, potassium). The learning objectives are to understand the importance of micronutrients, know the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, learn about major minerals and trace elements, and understand the problems caused by malnutrition.
This document discusses trace elements and microminerals that are essential for human nutrition. It defines trace elements as minerals needed in small amounts like iron, iodine, fluorine, zinc and copper. It outlines the functions, dietary requirements and sources of these key microminerals. It further describes deficiencies that can arise from inadequate intake of minerals like iron-deficiency anemia and iodine deficiency disorders. The document concludes with highlighting national programs in place for prevention and control of micromineral deficiencies in populations.
1. The document discusses the essential macronutrients and micronutrients that make up a healthy human diet, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
2. It describes the roles of each in the body, their sources from foods, and potential deficiency symptoms.
3. Key nutrients discussed include essential fatty acids, fiber, cholesterol, amino acids, antioxidants, calcium, sodium, and water.
This document discusses nutrition and the classes of food. It begins by outlining the importance of food for providing energy, growth, and protecting the body. It then defines the seven major classes of food: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber. Each class is described in terms of its chemical composition, sources, functions in the body, and effects of deficiencies. The document stresses the importance of a balanced diet containing all food classes in appropriate proportions for health and preventing diseases.
The document discusses the effects of nutrition on oral health. It explains that malnutrition can lead to dental caries, periodontal diseases, and malocclusion due to effects on teeth development, saliva, and jaw growth. Specific nutritional deficiencies like iron, protein, vitamins, and minerals are linked to increased risk of oral infections. A balanced diet containing proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals is important for overall health and preventing oral diseases. Preventive measures include nutritional education programs at family and community levels.
Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and is obtained through foods like seaweed and seafood or iodized salt. Iodine deficiency can cause goiter and irreversible intellectual and growth impairments while excess iodine can inhibit the thyroid. Various indicators are used to assess iodine status including urinary iodine and thyroid size. Iodine interacts with medications for hyperthyroidism and high blood pressure and deficiencies in selenium or vitamins A, E, zinc and iron can exacerbate effects of iodine deficiency.
This document discusses trace minerals that are important for cattle reproduction and health. It begins by introducing trace minerals like copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, iodine, cobalt, and iron. It then discusses the role of each mineral in cattle metabolism, health, and reproduction. For each mineral, it provides information on dietary requirements, potential deficiencies, and importance. It also includes tables listing mineral content in various feed ingredients and calculating total mineral intake from a sample diet. The document aims to educate on the importance of adequate trace mineral nutrition for cattle.
B.sc. biochemistry sem 1 introduction to biochemistry unit 3.2 nutritional bi...Rai University
This document provides an introduction to biochemistry and nutrition. It defines key terms like nutrients and discusses the classification of foods by origin, chemical composition, and predominant function. The major macronutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) are described in detail including their sources, functions, deficiency symptoms, and dietary recommendations. Common foods like cereals are analyzed for their nutritional profiles and contributions. The document concludes with definitions of malnutrition and its impacts on global health.
Malnutrition is caused by a poor diet lacking in essential nutrients like protein, vitamins, and minerals. It can result from insufficient nutrient intake or the inability to absorb nutrients properly. Malnutrition affects individuals dependent on others for food like infants, the elderly, and ill people. However, the leading cause of malnutrition is poverty, as those living on less than $1 per day have very limited access to a balanced diet and healthcare. Nutritional deficiencies weaken the body and can lead to diseases like kwashiorkor, marasmus, beriberi, pellagra, scurvy, and rickets.
This document provides an overview of major micronutrient deficiencies, focusing on vitamin A, iron, zinc, folate, and iodine. It describes what each nutrient is, why it is needed, common food sources, daily recommended intake amounts, deficiency symptoms, and treatment options. High rates of deficiencies for several nutrients like vitamin A and folate are reported in Ethiopia. Preventing deficiencies involves consuming a nutritious diet containing these essential micronutrients and programs like iodized salt to provide iodine where food sources are limited.
Nutrition is very important for a growing child as it not only effects the general health but also the oral health, which are ultimately interrelated. This presentation will help you to understand Nutrition as a Pediatric Dentist.
Social pharmacy unit 3rd Nutrition and Health PART - 1Sumit Tiwari
Basics of nutrition – Macronutrients and Micronutrients
Importance of water and fibres in diet (1)
Balanced diet, Malnutrition, nutrition deficiency diseases,
ill effects of junk foods, calorific and nutritive values of
various foods, fortification of food (3)
Introduction to food safety, adulteration of foods, effects
of artificial ripening, use of pesticides, genetically
modified foods (1)
Dietary supplements
nutraceuticals,
food supplements
– indications, benefits, Drug-Food Interactions
Introduction
Definitions
Nutrition & Normal occlusion
Calcium
Phosphorous
Vitamins D , A & C
Nutritional deficiencies
Nutrition & Dentofacial growth
Role of Nutritional counseling
Conclusion
In this, I explain you about the different minerals in our diet. It also helps us moving in proper diet, leading healthy life. Its a starter to parent how to feed the child. It can be useful for the students pursuing home science. This is a basic introduction on foods. Images may not be described but it has a very good brief content which helps for easy understanding
The document discusses malnutrition around the world. It states that the Democratic Republic of Congo has the highest rate of malnutrition, with 72% of its population malnourished. India has the largest number of malnourished people at 221 million, though it has a lower rate of 22% due to its large population size of over 1.2 billion. Malnutrition is caused by improper, insufficient, or imbalanced diets that lack necessary calories, nutrients, or have too many calories leading to obesity.
The Human Life CycleBirth to Old Age – What is the human lif.docxarnoldmeredith47041
The Human Life Cycle
Birth to Old Age –
What is the human life cycle?
How does nutrition influence our life cycle?
How have our cultural changes in diet and nutrition influenced our development?
So far we have looked at ways in which human beings vary in their phenotypes. Another way that humans have evolved is in our life cycle. All organisms have a cycle of life and eventually die. In this lecture, we are going to consider how the developmental and maturation cycle for homo sapiens has changed over the course of our evolution. When we were in our human evolution section of this course, we watched as maturation rates slowed as species evolved towards Homo sapiens. We have the longest maturation period of any primate, but when we enter this period and get out of it has been altered.
1
Humans are a generalized species
Homo sapiens are very generalized and flexible, we also call this plastic.
We live, eat, and respond to a number of different environments and circumstances.
As environments have changed, our culture has evolved to make us more adaptive.
Drastic cultural changes over the last several decades will have profound impact on our biology.
For this lecture, think back a bit to how flexible and adaptive we are. We have the ability to adapt to many environments and we have. On top of that, we have altered our cultures quite a bit and this has impacted our evolution.
2
Does our original body and life cycle match our ancestors 300kya ago?
We are a species that evolved in subtropical Africa some time around 300,000 years ago.
Rapid agricultural and cultural changes have caused major divisions between generations; think how different your life is from your grandparents.
We have to consider both biological and cultural influence on how the cycle of life has changed.
Something we have to consider is that humans haven’t been around very long as a species. Since it takes us so long to reproduce, we haven’t been on the planet long enough for us to really have evolved in any major ways. What this means is that technically, most of us are still evolved to live in sub-tropical Africa, in small, kin-based families, who hunt and gather. Yet we live in a rapidly modernizing world. Is this rapid change affecting the way we develop and at the rate we do? Let’s consider some examples by looking at the normal life cycle.
3
Fetal growth
The image above gives you an idea of the course of development in utero. Notice that within the first couple weeks, your neural tube (thus your nervous system) is already developing.
4
By 16 days, neural tube has formed…
Most women do not necessarily know that they are pregnant as early as 2 weeks after conception. However, the neural tube and thus the nervous system is already forming. This means that nutrition is an absolutely integral part of daily life. If malnutrition or other nutrition issues affect the child this young, then the nervous system is already being harmed.
5
Brain growth
25.
This document discusses minerals and their importance for human health. It focuses on iron and iodine. Minerals are inorganic elements that are essential structural components and are involved in vital processes. Iron is important for transporting oxygen in hemoglobin and iodine is essential for thyroid hormones. The document outlines sources of iron and iodine, their functions, deficiency symptoms, and strategies for prevention like supplementation and diet. Universal salt iodization is presented as an effective method for long-term iodine deficiency prevention and control.
7.nutrition overview and issues in indiaRajeev Kumar
The document discusses key topics related to nutrition including metabolism, macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, minerals, energy requirements, and body mass index. Specifically, it defines metabolism as chemical reactions that convert food into energy, lists the main macronutrients and micronutrients, describes important vitamins and minerals like vitamin A, folate, iodine, and iron, and discusses estimating daily calorie needs and calculating BMI.
Zinc plays many important roles in the body. It is necessary for protein synthesis, wound healing, immune function, reproductive health, growth and development. Zinc deficiency can cause growth retardation, immune dysfunction, skin disorders, diarrhea and cognitive impairments. Zinc is involved in the function of over 300 enzymes and helps regulate gene expression. Both zinc deficiency and toxicity can impact health, with recommended daily intake varying based on age, sex and life stage. Occupational zinc exposure may occur in welding, metal plating, mining and foundries.
Minerals the facts is a new Revive Guide covering everything you ned to know about the top minerals including the top benefits of taking each. Visit https://www.revivehealth.care
This document provides information on malnutrition including burden, macronutrients, micronutrients, assessment, classification, and treatment. It discusses that malnutrition causes 3.1 million child deaths annually. It outlines protein, fat, carbohydrate, water, vitamin A, iron, and zinc sources. It describes assessing for and classifying malnutrition as moderate, severe, marasmus, kwashiorkor, or marastic-kwashiorkor. Treatment for moderate or severe acute malnutrition including stabilization, rehabilitation, and discharge criteria are covered.
This document summarizes biofortification as an approach to addressing micronutrient malnutrition. It discusses key minerals and vitamins needed for human health, including iron, zinc, vitamin A, and iodine. Common interventions for alleviating micronutrient deficiencies include food fortification, supplementation, and promoting dietary diversification, but these approaches face limitations in developing countries. Biofortification aims to breed micronutrients directly into staple food crops and has potential as a sustainable, cost-effective strategy to deliver more micronutrients, especially in rural populations with limited access to other interventions. The document provides an overview of biofortification and its advantages compared to alternative approaches.
Micronutrient deficiencies in children .pptxAzad Haleem
- Micronutrient deficiencies are a major global health issue affecting children's growth and development. The most common deficiencies are iron, iodine, folate, vitamin A, and zinc.
- Children under 5 and pregnant/breastfeeding women are most vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies due to higher requirements. Global prevalence is estimated to be over 50% of children aged 6 months to 5 years suffering from one or more micronutrient deficiency.
- Key strategies to address deficiencies include supplementation programs, food fortification, and biofortification of staple crops. Universal salt iodization programs have helped increase iodized salt access to 71% of households globally.
This document discusses nutrition and food safety. It provides definitions of nutrition, nutrients, macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and micronutrients like vitamins and minerals. It also discusses factors affecting nutrition, characteristics of a healthy diet, signs of good nutrition, and types of malnutrition like undernutrition, protein-energy malnutrition and kwashiorkor. It highlights issues like malnutrition in India and how it is measured.
This document discusses minerals and mineral absorption. It notes that modern agricultural practices have depleted minerals from soil and food. As a result, many people do not obtain sufficient minerals from their diets. Additionally, factors like medications, diseases, and lifestyle can interfere with mineral absorption. The document emphasizes that simply consuming minerals is not enough - they must be absorbed and used by the body. Chelation supplements may help improve mineral absorption to support health.
1) The document discusses nutrition and its importance for dental health in children. It covers the major nutrients of protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
2) Specific nutrients are described in more detail, including their functions, dietary sources, and effects of deficiencies. For example, protein deficiency can cause retarded growth and decrease resistance to infection.
3) Guidelines are provided for establishing healthy eating habits in children, such as avoiding forced feeding and excessive intake of certain foods. Maintaining good nutrition is important for proper dental development and overall health.
This presentation focuses on calcium intake and calcium deficiencies. Calcium is essential for building strong bones and teeth and maintaining bone density. It is also important for nerve and muscle function. The recommended daily intake varies depending on age and physiological state. Dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, leafy greens, fish, and fortified foods. Calcium balance is regulated by hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. Deficiencies can increase the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures.
This presentation focuses on calcium intake and calcium deficiencies. Calcium is essential for building strong bones and teeth and maintaining bone density. It is also important for nerve and muscle function. The recommended daily intake varies depending on age and physiological state. Dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, leafy greens, fish, and fortified foods. Calcium balance is regulated by hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. Deficiencies can increase the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures.
The document discusses nutraceuticals, which are products derived from foods that provide health benefits. Some key points made in the document include:
- Nutraceuticals can be derived from plants, animals, microorganisms, and marine sources and are sold as supplements to protect against disease.
- Common nutraceuticals provide benefits for the digestive system, immune system, cardiovascular system, and bone strength.
- Important nutraceuticals include minerals like calcium, magnesium, potassium, and zinc as well as vitamins, antioxidants, fatty acids, and prebiotics.
- Minerals and vitamins covered include their sources, functions in the body, recommended intake amounts, and potential deficiency symptoms.
The statement "The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at web sites has been peer–reviewed" is false. Most information on the internet has not undergone peer review.
This document discusses proteins, including their functions in the body, sources of proteins, and protein requirements at different life stages. It notes that proteins are needed for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. There are 20 common amino acids that make up proteins. Protein needs are higher for infants, children, pregnant/nursing women, and those who are ill or recovering. The recommended daily allowance for most adults is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. Inadequate protein intake can lead to issues like impaired healing and immune function.
Copper mitigates modern city cabling challengesICPCI
The document discusses the advantages of underground power cabling systems compared to overhead systems. Underground systems improve city aesthetics by removing unsightly overhead lines, provide environmental benefits, have higher reliability and lower maintenance costs. They also conserve land, improve safety by removing hazards from overhead lines, and reduce outages from storm damage. While initial costs of underground systems are higher, total lifetime costs including maintenance and outages are lower compared to overhead systems. Copper is presented as the best choice for underground cabling due to its higher conductivity, current capacity, corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand overloads compared to aluminum.
This document discusses the benefits of installing high efficiency motors (HEMs). HEMs save money over the long run through lower energy costs compared to standard motors. They improve equipment reliability and reduce downtime and repair costs. HEMs are more efficiently designed to reduce various types of losses that occur during the electrical to mechanical energy conversion process in motors. This increases the motor's electrical efficiency. The key benefits are that HEMs use less input power to produce the same output power as standard motors, resulting in long-term savings that outweigh the higher initial capital costs. Properly selecting a HEM for an application can maximize these energy and cost savings.
Another European Hospital Joins Infection FightICPCI
WSSK Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland recently announced it is installing antimicrobial copper surfaces throughout its Nephrology Ward, including on door handles, grab rails, portable equipment, and light switches. This is one of the most extensive installations of copper in a hospital. Laboratory tests will verify the effectiveness of copper in reducing local clinical strains of bacteria. The hospital director hopes this will help address the recent increase in drug-resistant infections observed in hospitals.
MNRE and ICPCI have undertaken a major initiative to create 1,000 certified solar water heater installers across India. They are training instructors from industrial training institutes, who will then train students, in order to address the shortage of trained installers that is a barrier to the market transformation of solar water heaters. So far, they have trained 76 instructors from 51 institutes across 16 states. The trained instructors are expected to then train 1,000 students, creating jobs and self-employment opportunities for youth.
Modern technology: One of the main causes of electrical fire.ICPCI
1. The document discusses a workshop held by the Asia Power Quality Initiative (APQI) to raise awareness about power quality issues and the role of modern technology in electrical fires.
2. Several power quality experts at the workshop stressed that the proliferation of non-linear loads introduced by modern technology are seriously affecting power quality and can cause electrical fires.
3. The workshop included a technical seminar where one speaker elaborated on how new technologies like CFLs, electronics, and computers have been polluting electrical systems and becoming a major cause of failures and fires.
This document discusses the benefits of installing high efficiency motors (HEMs). HEMs save money over the long run through lower energy costs compared to standard motors. They improve equipment reliability and reduce downtime and repair costs. HEMs are more efficiently designed to reduce various types of losses that occur during the electrical to mechanical energy conversion process in motors. This increases the motor's electrical efficiency. The key benefits are that HEMs use less input power to produce the same output power as standard motors, resulting in long-term cost savings that outweigh the higher initial capital costs of HEMs.
Germs and hospital-acquired infections are difficult to eliminate entirely, but using copper surfaces is an effective way to fight them. Copper alloys on high-touch surfaces in hospitals have been shown to kill over 99% of harmful bacteria like MRSA within two hours. While hand washing and cleaning are important, replacing common surfaces like door handles and bed rails with copper can help reduce the spread of disease in healthcare facilities without replacing existing infection control practices. Historical evidence and recent EPA registration confirm copper's powerful antimicrobial properties.
ICPCI faced rising energy costs from its old split air conditioning systems. It installed a new digital VRF system from Blue Star to improve comfort and reduce energy use [1]. An energy audit found the VRF system reduced energy consumption by 31% and energy costs by 38% annually [2]. The incremental installation cost was paid back within two years through energy savings [3]. The VRF system provided improved comfort and flexibility compared to the old split units.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
Copper for Health
1. Copper is for everyone
Good health requires a diet adequate in protein,
carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Essential
trace minerals such as copper are necessary for the
growth, development, and maintenance of bone,
connective tissue, brain, heart and many other body
organs.
Copper is involved in the formation of red blood cells,
the absorption and utilization of iron, and the synthesis
and release of life-sustaining proteins and enzymes.
These enzymes in turn produce cellular energy and
regulate nerve transmission, blood clotting, and
oxygen transport.
Copper stimulates the immune system to fight
infections, repair injured tissues, and promote healing.
Copper also helps to neutralize “free-radicals” which
can cause severe damage to cells.
2. We can’t live without health and nutritional well-being of the individual.
Copper Individuals with chronic digestive problems may be
unable to absorb sufficient amounts of copper, even
though the foods they eat are copper-rich. Some
Copper and other essential trace minerals cannot forms of copper are not soluble in stomach acids
be formed by the human body. These minerals must and cannot be absorbed from the stomach or small
be ingested in the diet. The best dietary sources of intestine. Also, some foods may contain indigestible
copper include seafood (especially shellfish), organ fiber which binds with copper and prevents it from
meats (such as liver), whole grains, nuts, raisins, being absorbed. High intakes of Vitamin C, zinc, and
legumes (beans and lentils), and chocolate. Other iron can also decrease copper absorption.
food sources that contain copper include cereals,
potatoes, peas, red meat, mushrooms, some dark Can you have too little or too much copper?
green leafy vegetables (such as kale), and some
fruits (such as coconuts, papaya, and apples). Yes. If not enough copper is ingested, copper stores
Tea, rice, and chicken are relatively low in copper in the liver will be emptied and deficiency leading to
but provide a reasonable amount of copper to the disease or tissue injury (and in extreme cases, death)
body because they are consumed in significant can result. If too much copper is ingested, the excess
amounts. can become toxic, which can also lead to tissue
injury and disease. Between these two extremes,
Although the primary food sources for dietary copper however, the human body is remarkably capable of
vary regionally, geographically, and culturally, a balancing a wide range of copper intakes for the
balanced diet appears to provide an adequate needs of healthy individuals.
intake of copper for most people.
While both a deficiency and an excess of copper
In both developed and developing countries, adults, is very rare, the World Health Organization is more
young children, and adolescents who consume concerned with copper deficiency. Recently,
diets of grain, millet, tuber, or rice along with legumes concerns have been raised about marginal copper
(beans) or small amounts of fish or meat, some deficiency (i.e., deficiency that is not severe enough
fruits and vegetables, and some vegetable oil are to cause medically-detectable diseases or tissue
likely to obtain adequate copper if their total food injuries but may impair good health in subtle ways,
consumption is adequate in calories. In developed such as lowered resistance to infection, reproductive
countries where consumption of red meat is high, problems, general fatigue or weakness, impaired
copper intake is also likely to be adequate. brain function). More scientific research is needed to
evaluate the nature and extent of these concerns.
Does the body absorb copper easily from all
foods? How much copper do adults need?
No. The amount of copper available for absorption Various national and international organizations
depends on the chemical form of copper in the concerned with nutrition and health have standards
food, the composition of the total diet, and the for copper intake at levels judged to be adequate
3. for maintaining good health. These standards, or copper at birth than full-term infants.
dietary reference values, are periodically changed
and updated as new scientific data become The World Health Organization has recommended
available. similar minimum adequate intakes and advises that
premature infants be given formula supplemented
The standards sometimes differ among regions with extra copper to prevent the development of
and organizations. For example, the World Health copper deficiency.
Organization recommends a minimal acceptable
intake of approximately 1.3 mg/day. These values The best source of copper and other essential
are considered to be adequate and safe for most of micronutrients during the first year of life is human
the general population. Health benefits above the milk. If a full-term infant is not nursed, fortified
recommended adequate intake of 0.9 - 1.3 mg/ baby formula is highly recommended. Cow’s milk,
day have not been established. however, contains very low amounts of bioavailable
copper and should be supplemented with copper
Do pregnant women and mothers who during the first year of life.
breastfeed need more copper?
Are any diseases associated with too much
Yes. Copper sufficiency in the fetus and in infants or too little copper?
is essential for normal growth and development.
Nature has devised a way for the fetus to get copper There are several very rare genetic-based diseases
from the mother via the placenta and for infants to that are associated with the body’s inability to
get copper via breast milk. remove (Wilson’s Disease) or absorb (Menkes Disease)
copper. These diseases are inherited and cannot be
For these reasons, pregnancy and nursing increase acquired by non-susceptible persons.
the body’s need for copper. The recommended
oral intake in pregnant and nursing women is slightly Interestingly, the study of these diseases and the
higher than for non-pregnant, non-nursing healthy proteins produced by the Wilson’s and Menkes
women (approximately 1 mg/day for pregnant genes have enabled scientists around the world to
women and 1.3 mg/day for nursing mothers aged understand how our bodies use copper and why
14-50 years). it is important as an essential micronutrient. This
knowledge is also leading scientists towards possible
Can infants become deficient in copper? cures for these diseases.
Yes. Full-term and premature infants are more Idopathic Copper Toxicosis (ICT), the third genetic
sensitive to copper deficiency than adults. A copper copper metabolic disease, was recognized in the
deficiency can create numerous health problems, early twentieth century primarily in the Tyrolean region
including impaired brain development. Since the of Austria and in the Pune region of India. ICT appears
fetus accumulates copper during the last 3 months to be vanishing as a result of greater genetic diversity
of pregnancy, infants that are born prematurely have within these populations and educational programs
not had sufficient time to store adequate reserves to ensure that tinned cooking utensils are used. Only
of copper in their livers and therefore require more occasional spontaneous cases of ICT arise today.