grade 10 SCIENCE

5. NERVOUS
SYSTEM

6. The Structure of the Nervous System
Your nervous system connects all
your body parts and transmits
signals from one part to another.
It is a system of cells, tissues, and
organs that regulates the body’s
responses to internal and external
stimuli. Each part of the nervous
system has a specific role as it
functions as an important part of
a system.

8. Central Nervous System (CNS) - The CNS serves
as the main processing center for the entire
nervous system. It consists of two main
components, namely the:

9. 1. Brain - This is an
organ located within
the skull that
functions as organizer
and distributor of
information for the
body.

10. It has three main parts:
a. Cerebrum – large, upper part of the brain that
controls activity and thought.
b. Cerebellum – the part under the cerebrum that
controls posture, balance, and coordination.
c. Brain Stem – the part that connects the brain to
the spinal cord and controls automatic functions
such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, and blood
pressure.

14. The frontal lobe is
involved
in motor solving, problem
solving, spontaneity, mem
ory, language, initiation, ju
dgement, impulse control,
and social behavior.

15. The parietal lobe is
involved in processing
sensory information,
such as touch, taste,
etc. The parietal lobe
also helps in hand-eye
coordination and to tell
you where your body is
in space.

16. Third, the temporal
lobe is associated
mainly with hearing
and auditory
perception.

17. Lastly, the occipital lobe
is involved mainly in
visual perception.

18. 2. Spinal Cord – This serves as
a channel for signals between
the brain and the rest of the
body, and controls simple
musculoskeletal reflexes
without input from the brain.

20. 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) –
PNS connects the central nervous system
to the organs and limbs. It has two main
divisions:

21. a. Somatic Nervous System – This system is
associated with the voluntary control of body
movements and has two main parts:
•Spinal Nerves – nerves that carry motor and
sensory signals between the spinal cord and the
body.
•Cranial Nerves – the nerve fibers that carry
information into and out of the brain stem.

22. b. Autonomic Nervous System - This system is
associated with the involuntary control of body
movements and has two subdivisions:
•Sympathetic - it is activated when the body is in a
dynamic role or stress. (e.g., increased heart rate
and breathing, dilation of pupil, sweating, etc.)
•Parasympathetic - it maintains body functions and
restores the body to normal or relaxed mode.

23. RECAP

24. BREAK IT DOWN!
Using the given graphic organizer, fill in
the missing parts to complete the entire
concept showing the structure of the
nervous system.

27. Guide Questions:
Q1. How will you differentiate the Central
Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS) in terms of their functions?
Q2. What might happen to the human body if one
part of the nervous system fails to carry out its
function properly?