This document discusses different ways to classify forms of government. Governments can be classified based on who can participate (democracy vs dictatorship), the geographic distribution of power (unitary, confederate, federal), and the relationship between the legislative and executive branches. It provides examples of democracy (direct, indirect) and types of dictatorships (autocracy, oligarchy). The document includes review questions to check understanding of the classifications.

1. Lesson 2 – Forms of
Government

2. Forms of Government – Essential Questions
• How can we classify governments?
• How are systems of government defined in terms of who can
participate?
• How is power distributed within a state?
• How are governments defined by the relationship between the
legislative and executive branches?

3. Classifying Governments
Governments can be classified by three different standards:
(1) Who can participate in the governing process.
(2) The geographic distribution of the governmental
power within the state.
(3) The relationship between the legislative
(lawmaking) and the executive (law-executing)
branches of the government.

4. Classification by Who Can Participate
Democracy Dictatorship
• In a democracy, supreme • A dictatorship exists where
political authority rests with those who rule cannot be
the people. held responsible to the will of
the people.
• A direct democracy exists
where the will of the people is • An autocracy is a
translated into law directly by government in which a
the people themselves. single person holds unlimited
political power.
• In an indirect democracy, a
small group of persons, • An oligarchy is a
chosen by the people to act government in which the
as their representatives, power to rule is held by a
expresses the popular will. small, usually self-appointed
elite.

5. Classification by Geographic
Distribution of Power
Unitary Government Confederate Government
• A unitary government has • A confederation is an
all powers held by a single, alliance of independent
central agency. states.
Federal Government
• A federal government is one in which the powers of
government are divided between a central government and
several local governments.
• An authority superior to both the central and local
governments makes this division of power on a
geographic basis.

6. Classification by the Relationship Between
Legislative and Executive Branches

7. Forms of Government

8. Quick Check
1. In a democracy,
(a) independent states form an alliance.
(b) supreme political authority rests with the people.
(c) those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people.
(d) the rule by a few, select individuals regulates the will of the people.
2. The United States government has the following characteristics:
(a) confederate, parliamentary, and dictatorship.
(b) unitary, presidential, and democracy.
(c) federal, presidential, and democracy.
(d) unitary, parliamentary, and dictatorship.
3. Name three ways we classify governments?
4. How are systems of government defined in terms of who can participate?
5. Name two types of Dictatorship style governments
6. How is power distributed within a state?
7. How are governments defined by the relationship between the legislative and executive branches?