Control charts
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Control charts graphically represent measured characteristics over time to monitor processes for unusual variations. They depict changes in a process average or variability. Control charts determine whether a process is in or out of control and can detect issues to ensure product quality. The most common types are X-bar and R charts, where X-bar charts monitor a process's central tendency and R charts monitor variability. An example shows calculating control limits for an X-bar and R chart using sample data and control chart constants.
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Control charts
- 1. CONTROL CHARTS Cliya Jackson S6 E2 Roll No 22
- 2. Definition • Control chart is a graphical representation of the collected information. • collected information – implies measured characteristics of the items or samples. • Dynamic in nature – it is kept current and up – to – date as per the changes in processing conditions .
- 3. Purpose and advantages • Depicts any change in the characteristics of items since the start of the production. • It determines whether the process is in control or out of control. • It detects unusual variations taking place in a process. • It ensures product quality level.
- 4. Contd….. • It warns in time and if the process is rectified at that time , scrap or percentage rejection can be reduced. • It builds up the reputation of the organization through customer’s satisfaction.
- 5. Types of control charts Control charts Attribute Variables p np C U X bar R σ
- 6. X chart • Most commonly used variables chart. • Chart for measure of central tendency. • Shows changes in process average and is affected by changes in process variability.
- 7. R chart • Controls general variability of the process • Chart for measure of spread • Use along with X chart
- 8. Example Sample no. X R 1 7.0 2 2 7.5 3 3 8.5 2 4 10.0 2 5 9.5 3 6 11.0 4 7 11.5 3 8 4.0 2 9 3.5 3 10 4.0 2 ∑ X =76 ∑ R = 26
- 9. • X and R Control Chart Constants n A 2 D 3 D 4 2 1.88 0 3.267 3 1.023 0 2.575 4 0.729 0 2.282 5 0.577 0 2.115 6 0.483 0 2.004 8 0.37 0.14 1.86 10 0.31 0.22 1.78 12 0.27 0.28 1.72
- 10. Control chart calculations UCLR = D4 R UCL X = X + A2 R = 2.11* 2.6 = 7.6 + (0.58 * 2.6) 5.48 = 9.11 CLR = R CL X = X = 2.6 = 7.6 LCLR = D3 R = 0 * 2. 6 LCL X = X − A2 R =0 = 7.6 − (0.58 * 2.6) = 6.09
- 11. Plotting X chart
- 12. Plotting R chart