Research on the contribution of women in efforts to support the husband's work generates additional income from the community of caramba fish breeders Nets in Lake Tondano District Eris Minahasa. Data collection is done by observation or direct observation. The population in this study was women as wives of fish farmers, where her husband conducted fish breeding activities with the Karamba Net system. The determination of data retrieval targets is done by interview while using the questioner to fill in the questions made to women like the wife of the cultivator in Eris Village, Eris Subdistrict, Minahasa Regency, questions include Participation / domestic role of women, what kind of work she does, how much time (hours) use in each doing this type of work. Furthermore, the participation / social role of women, often follow the work of devotion in the environment, meetings in the village, counseling activities, follow ppk activities; Participation / productive role in the field of fisheries: the type of work and the allocation of time and how much income per month, the reason the work is done by women and the obstacles faced by the time of doing the work. The contribution of the income of the cultivated wife is 33.63%, where this contribution has an important role in the survival of the family can be fulfilled and support the needs in the family and community in Eris Village. This result shows that one-third of the family's living cost is the contribution of the wife of the fish breeder, which is why the wife not only serves the family and relies only on income from the husband but this contribution in addition to taking care of the household is also very important in supporting the income and meeting the needs of the family dependents.
The Existence of Coastal Community Culture during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Si...AI Publications
The profile of coastal communities in various places in Indonesia is always described by showing their distinctive characteristics, such as poor villages, low formal education, lack of human resources, poor residential and health conditions, and lack of access to the use of socio-economic facilities and infrastructure. financial institutions (cooperatives, banks), transportation and communication, and other physical. This profile looks inversely proportional to the socio-economic potential of coastal resources. This study aims to see and reveal the cultural existence of coastal communities during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sinonsayang District, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The method used is descriptive method. Data collection was carried out by direct observation of the object that became the research objective, then interviews were carried out using the help of a questionnaire. Based on the results of research conducted on the Cultural Existence of Coastal Communities in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period in Sinonsayang District (Aergale Village and Blongko Village), it shows that culture according to the gender system is not concerned with the division of its roles in activities on land and activities at sea. Fishermen and fishermen's wives will help each other voluntarily. According to patron-client culture, it occurs because of the urgent economic interests between traditional fishermen and fisherman bosses, while socially there is harmony between communities when someone is sick and when they are sad. Local culture in the exploitation of fishery resources still uses the calculation of the moon in the sky and the distribution of fishing seasons according to the way of fishermen from the Sangihe area. Culture according to social leadership is known to have two, namely the existence of religious leaders and community leaders, each of which has a role to lead and protect the community. In this time of the covid-19 pandemic, all of the above cultures continue to do as they have been from the past, only the culture of coastal communities which usually have to involve many people with large expenditures, is currently not being implemented.
Women’s Contribution as Intermediary Traders to Family Income in Southeast Bu...AI Publications
Southeast Buku Village is located in Belang District, Southeast Minahasa Regency where some of the residents in this village make a living as a fresh fish intermediary trader. In general, those who carry out activities as intermediary traders are men or husbands because sometimes they have to work at night. However, there is one thing that is different in this Southeast Buku Village, namely that women who carry out activities as middlemen are women. Some of the housewives who live in this Southeast Buku Village are women with multiple professions, namely apart from working as housewives at home, they also work as traders of fresh fish to help their husbands increase family income. This profession has been carried out by some women in the Southeast Buku Village. This study aims to examine and determine the role of the wife as a housewife and as an intermediary trader as well as to analyze the income of women as intermediary traders in Southeast Buku Village, and to determine the contribution of women's income as intermediary traders to family income. The data obtained will be processed and analyzed descriptively qualitatively and descriptively quantitatively. Qualitative descriptive analysis is used to provide discussions of qualitative data related to existing theories. The results of the analysis show that the domestic role is the role that a wife should do such as cooking, washing, sweeping, etc. A woman middleman in Southeast Buku Village spends 5 hours a day. While the role of the public, namely work outside the home such as being an intermediary trader, spends 6 hours a day. The results of the analysis also found that the contribution of women's income to family income was 49.42%. This shows that women as intermediary traders contribute enough to the total family income in meeting family needs.
Farmer Suicide in India as well as in Maharashtra, statistics, rate, problems , reseans, remedies, present situation, farmer schemes, model for farmer moral,
The Existence of Coastal Community Culture during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Si...AI Publications
The profile of coastal communities in various places in Indonesia is always described by showing their distinctive characteristics, such as poor villages, low formal education, lack of human resources, poor residential and health conditions, and lack of access to the use of socio-economic facilities and infrastructure. financial institutions (cooperatives, banks), transportation and communication, and other physical. This profile looks inversely proportional to the socio-economic potential of coastal resources. This study aims to see and reveal the cultural existence of coastal communities during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sinonsayang District, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The method used is descriptive method. Data collection was carried out by direct observation of the object that became the research objective, then interviews were carried out using the help of a questionnaire. Based on the results of research conducted on the Cultural Existence of Coastal Communities in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period in Sinonsayang District (Aergale Village and Blongko Village), it shows that culture according to the gender system is not concerned with the division of its roles in activities on land and activities at sea. Fishermen and fishermen's wives will help each other voluntarily. According to patron-client culture, it occurs because of the urgent economic interests between traditional fishermen and fisherman bosses, while socially there is harmony between communities when someone is sick and when they are sad. Local culture in the exploitation of fishery resources still uses the calculation of the moon in the sky and the distribution of fishing seasons according to the way of fishermen from the Sangihe area. Culture according to social leadership is known to have two, namely the existence of religious leaders and community leaders, each of which has a role to lead and protect the community. In this time of the covid-19 pandemic, all of the above cultures continue to do as they have been from the past, only the culture of coastal communities which usually have to involve many people with large expenditures, is currently not being implemented.
Women’s Contribution as Intermediary Traders to Family Income in Southeast Bu...AI Publications
Southeast Buku Village is located in Belang District, Southeast Minahasa Regency where some of the residents in this village make a living as a fresh fish intermediary trader. In general, those who carry out activities as intermediary traders are men or husbands because sometimes they have to work at night. However, there is one thing that is different in this Southeast Buku Village, namely that women who carry out activities as middlemen are women. Some of the housewives who live in this Southeast Buku Village are women with multiple professions, namely apart from working as housewives at home, they also work as traders of fresh fish to help their husbands increase family income. This profession has been carried out by some women in the Southeast Buku Village. This study aims to examine and determine the role of the wife as a housewife and as an intermediary trader as well as to analyze the income of women as intermediary traders in Southeast Buku Village, and to determine the contribution of women's income as intermediary traders to family income. The data obtained will be processed and analyzed descriptively qualitatively and descriptively quantitatively. Qualitative descriptive analysis is used to provide discussions of qualitative data related to existing theories. The results of the analysis show that the domestic role is the role that a wife should do such as cooking, washing, sweeping, etc. A woman middleman in Southeast Buku Village spends 5 hours a day. While the role of the public, namely work outside the home such as being an intermediary trader, spends 6 hours a day. The results of the analysis also found that the contribution of women's income to family income was 49.42%. This shows that women as intermediary traders contribute enough to the total family income in meeting family needs.
Farmer Suicide in India as well as in Maharashtra, statistics, rate, problems , reseans, remedies, present situation, farmer schemes, model for farmer moral,
Here you will get the reason behind the farmer suicide and also the prevention step taken by government and step which should be taken by government and us also.
SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ CREDIT PARTICIPATION: THE CASE OF OMO MICROFINANCE INSTI...Premier Publishers
This study was conducted with specific objectives to examine households’ participation in credit services of Omo Microfinance Institution and identify the determinants of credit participation and loan amount received in the Gimbo district of Kaffa zone, Southern Ethiopia. The study was based on the data collected from 200 sample households selected through two-stage sampling technique. Both descriptive statistics and econometric model were used to analyze the data. A double hurdle model was employed to assess the determinants of households’ credit participation and the amount of loan received. Econometric model result showed that sex, education level, family size, land size, distance from service provision center, extension contact, perception on group lending, and perception on loan provision time were found to be significant in influencing the probability of credit participation. Furthermore, sex, education, family size, land size, livestock holding, and extension contact were found to be significantly affecting loan amount received. The result suggests the need for improvement on delayed loan disbursement time for credit service in order to increase households’ participation in the services.
Farmers suicides in India(Maharashtra)Jobin Mathew
This is one of my presentation which i made for my presentation competition ...
add a nice background and the presentation does great effect....
it moved a lot of ppl and got me the first place
This presentation is all about the problems that farmers face in India. About there suicide issues , solutions to them, Government schemes and much more to help farmers and to understand there situation and solutions to there problem
Studying the Livelihood Diversification of Landowner Farmer in Tondong Tallas...inventionjournals
This study aim is to identify the trigger factors of farmer landowner to become labor to plant rice and to know the differences of expected income and factual income to identify the role of opportunity cost. This study was conducted by a survey method at 4 (four) village in Tondong Tallasa Subdistrict, Pangkajene and Kepulauan District. Data is collected by observation, questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques are descriptive and inferential statistic. The results of this study are follows. First, the trigger factors of landowner farmer to become labor to plant rice of Tondong Tallasa Subdistrict are economic and cultural factors. From fourteen factors to affect of landowner farmer to become labor to plant rice, the biggest three factors are culture of friends/relatives invitation, like to work to other people, like to work in groups, and income certainty. Second, the variance test result shows that the factual income is lower than expected income.
An Investigation into the Status of Riverbank (Char) Women Dwellers in Bangla...AI Publications
The study was undertaken to determine the status of rural women in terms of their social, economic and financial access to decision making and livelihood. It was conduct on January to February 2016. The data was collected by using an interview schedule from 60 women of Chinirpotol village of Saghata Upazila under Gaibandha District of Bangladesh in January to February 2017. It revealed that majority (51.67%) women can only sign but constituted economically active. It was found that they were actively participated in the household activities and their agricultural farming activities. It was also found that women played a significant role in the management of family affairs but a little participation in decision making because the male member was the head of a family and responsible for taking major decisions of the household. This study observed that a mentionable portion (88.33%) of the women was involved with non-government organizations (NGOs). The findings suggest that freedom for decision making, opportunities for active contribution and accessibility to income generating activities along with social awareness about their rights are necessary for improvement of the status of women.
The Role of Women Living in the Region Beach Ecotourism in Increasing Family ...AI Publications
The East Likupang Subdistrict is one of the tourism destinations in North Sulawesi and even in Indonesia. East Likupang District consists of 18 villages and three of them are villages located on the coastline that have a fairly well-known coastal tourism potential, namely Surabaya Beach in Wineru Village, Pal Beach in Marinsow Village, and Pulisan Beach in Pulisan Village. The existence of these three beach tourism destinations helps the economy of the people who live in this beach tourism area. The role of women is carried out to help the husband in making a living which in the end is expected to increase family income so that family needs are met, based on this, this research wants to be carried out. The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze the form of business and activities of women's roles and analyze the amount of women's contribution to family income in the Coastal Ecotourism Area of East Likupang District. The research was carried out in Wineru Village, Marinsow Village, and Pulisan Village using the Purposive Sampling research method, the criteria for respondents were: already settled and living in the Surawaya beach ecotourism area wineru village, Pal Beach Marinsow Village, and Pulisan Beach Pulisan Village, the number of respondents in each village amounted to 20 people so that in total there were 60 respondents. The analytical tools used are Operating Profit, Net Profit, Profit Rate, Benefit Cost Ratio, Rentability, and Break Even Point. The results of the study are various forms of women's businesses living in coastal tourism areas in East Likupang District, namely selling food and soft drinks, renting out toilet services, and renting cottages for visitors where there are two roles of women carried out, namely the domestic role and the public role. The role of women is in the form of a contribution to a family income of 45% of the total family income.
Gender Analysis on Efficiency of Pelagic Fish Marketing Chain in Bulawan II V...AI Publications
The purpose of this study is to identify, and examine gender in the pelagic fish marketing value chain, then analyze gender differences in the pelagic fish marketing value chain in Bulawan II Village, Kotabunan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research is expected to provide information and knowledge about gender roles and the impact of inequality on the marketing chain of pelagic fish in Bulawan II Village, Kotabunan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, where women as fishermen's wives have many limitations in terms of skills caused by various obstacles, including lack of knowledge. , so that the interest in self-development is hindered by the inability to think innovatively. This research was conducted in the village of Bulawan II, Kotabunan District using a survey method. Respondents were taken by purposive sampling on fishermen's families, specifically husbands and wives of fishermen. The data collected includes primary data and secondary data, where primary data is obtained through observation, direct interviews by filling out structured questionnaires. Analysis of research data, namely descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis by making a systematic, factual and accurate description of the facts, characteristics and relationships of the phenomena studied objectively. The results of this study indicate that there are gender differences in each pelagic fish marketing value chain ranging from fishermen, village petibo traders, urban petibo traders to retailers and the role of men is more in jobs that require extra labor, while women play an important role in work. light.
Here you will get the reason behind the farmer suicide and also the prevention step taken by government and step which should be taken by government and us also.
SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ CREDIT PARTICIPATION: THE CASE OF OMO MICROFINANCE INSTI...Premier Publishers
This study was conducted with specific objectives to examine households’ participation in credit services of Omo Microfinance Institution and identify the determinants of credit participation and loan amount received in the Gimbo district of Kaffa zone, Southern Ethiopia. The study was based on the data collected from 200 sample households selected through two-stage sampling technique. Both descriptive statistics and econometric model were used to analyze the data. A double hurdle model was employed to assess the determinants of households’ credit participation and the amount of loan received. Econometric model result showed that sex, education level, family size, land size, distance from service provision center, extension contact, perception on group lending, and perception on loan provision time were found to be significant in influencing the probability of credit participation. Furthermore, sex, education, family size, land size, livestock holding, and extension contact were found to be significantly affecting loan amount received. The result suggests the need for improvement on delayed loan disbursement time for credit service in order to increase households’ participation in the services.
Farmers suicides in India(Maharashtra)Jobin Mathew
This is one of my presentation which i made for my presentation competition ...
add a nice background and the presentation does great effect....
it moved a lot of ppl and got me the first place
This presentation is all about the problems that farmers face in India. About there suicide issues , solutions to them, Government schemes and much more to help farmers and to understand there situation and solutions to there problem
Studying the Livelihood Diversification of Landowner Farmer in Tondong Tallas...inventionjournals
This study aim is to identify the trigger factors of farmer landowner to become labor to plant rice and to know the differences of expected income and factual income to identify the role of opportunity cost. This study was conducted by a survey method at 4 (four) village in Tondong Tallasa Subdistrict, Pangkajene and Kepulauan District. Data is collected by observation, questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques are descriptive and inferential statistic. The results of this study are follows. First, the trigger factors of landowner farmer to become labor to plant rice of Tondong Tallasa Subdistrict are economic and cultural factors. From fourteen factors to affect of landowner farmer to become labor to plant rice, the biggest three factors are culture of friends/relatives invitation, like to work to other people, like to work in groups, and income certainty. Second, the variance test result shows that the factual income is lower than expected income.
An Investigation into the Status of Riverbank (Char) Women Dwellers in Bangla...AI Publications
The study was undertaken to determine the status of rural women in terms of their social, economic and financial access to decision making and livelihood. It was conduct on January to February 2016. The data was collected by using an interview schedule from 60 women of Chinirpotol village of Saghata Upazila under Gaibandha District of Bangladesh in January to February 2017. It revealed that majority (51.67%) women can only sign but constituted economically active. It was found that they were actively participated in the household activities and their agricultural farming activities. It was also found that women played a significant role in the management of family affairs but a little participation in decision making because the male member was the head of a family and responsible for taking major decisions of the household. This study observed that a mentionable portion (88.33%) of the women was involved with non-government organizations (NGOs). The findings suggest that freedom for decision making, opportunities for active contribution and accessibility to income generating activities along with social awareness about their rights are necessary for improvement of the status of women.
The Role of Women Living in the Region Beach Ecotourism in Increasing Family ...AI Publications
The East Likupang Subdistrict is one of the tourism destinations in North Sulawesi and even in Indonesia. East Likupang District consists of 18 villages and three of them are villages located on the coastline that have a fairly well-known coastal tourism potential, namely Surabaya Beach in Wineru Village, Pal Beach in Marinsow Village, and Pulisan Beach in Pulisan Village. The existence of these three beach tourism destinations helps the economy of the people who live in this beach tourism area. The role of women is carried out to help the husband in making a living which in the end is expected to increase family income so that family needs are met, based on this, this research wants to be carried out. The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze the form of business and activities of women's roles and analyze the amount of women's contribution to family income in the Coastal Ecotourism Area of East Likupang District. The research was carried out in Wineru Village, Marinsow Village, and Pulisan Village using the Purposive Sampling research method, the criteria for respondents were: already settled and living in the Surawaya beach ecotourism area wineru village, Pal Beach Marinsow Village, and Pulisan Beach Pulisan Village, the number of respondents in each village amounted to 20 people so that in total there were 60 respondents. The analytical tools used are Operating Profit, Net Profit, Profit Rate, Benefit Cost Ratio, Rentability, and Break Even Point. The results of the study are various forms of women's businesses living in coastal tourism areas in East Likupang District, namely selling food and soft drinks, renting out toilet services, and renting cottages for visitors where there are two roles of women carried out, namely the domestic role and the public role. The role of women is in the form of a contribution to a family income of 45% of the total family income.
Gender Analysis on Efficiency of Pelagic Fish Marketing Chain in Bulawan II V...AI Publications
The purpose of this study is to identify, and examine gender in the pelagic fish marketing value chain, then analyze gender differences in the pelagic fish marketing value chain in Bulawan II Village, Kotabunan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research is expected to provide information and knowledge about gender roles and the impact of inequality on the marketing chain of pelagic fish in Bulawan II Village, Kotabunan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, where women as fishermen's wives have many limitations in terms of skills caused by various obstacles, including lack of knowledge. , so that the interest in self-development is hindered by the inability to think innovatively. This research was conducted in the village of Bulawan II, Kotabunan District using a survey method. Respondents were taken by purposive sampling on fishermen's families, specifically husbands and wives of fishermen. The data collected includes primary data and secondary data, where primary data is obtained through observation, direct interviews by filling out structured questionnaires. Analysis of research data, namely descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis by making a systematic, factual and accurate description of the facts, characteristics and relationships of the phenomena studied objectively. The results of this study indicate that there are gender differences in each pelagic fish marketing value chain ranging from fishermen, village petibo traders, urban petibo traders to retailers and the role of men is more in jobs that require extra labor, while women play an important role in work. light.
Analysis of Living Stages of Traditional Fishermen in Belang District Southea...AI Publications
The purposive of this study, namely to find out how much and what are the sources of income for traditional fishermen's families in Belang District, and the expenses of traditional fishermen's families in Belang District is, te last step is to find out how the standard of living of traditional fishermen's families in Belang District is. The Method used in this research is a survey method. The population in this study are traditional fishermen in Belang District. The data collection method used is Sampling . The sampling method is using a quataed Multi-Stages Purposive Sampling, with the number of sample villages being 15 villages and the sample fishermen taken are fishermen with fishing rods and nets as much as 10% of the total population in each sample village. The data collected consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected through observation and interviews guided by questionnaires. Secondary data were obtained from the Belang District of office and related to this research. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The standard of living of traditional fishing families is analyzed using the Engel index. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the income of traditional fishermen's families in Belang District comes from their main job as fishermen, side jobs outside the field of fisheries. The total incomes of traditional fishermen's families in Belang District on average for one year is Rp.53,394,000. There are 2 types of expenditures for traditional fishermen's families in Belang District, namely expenditures for food and expenditures for non-food such as clothing, housing, health, education, electricity, transportation and others. The total average expenditure for one year is Rp. 53,394,000, which is divided into expenditures for food needs of Rp. 32,284,500 and expenditures for non-food needs which are Rp. 21,109,500. The results of the analysis of the Engel index are 60 0.46% , meaning that the total income of traditional fishermen in Belang District is 60.46% used to meet food needs only. The proportion for food, which is 39,54 % . This is indicates that the standard of living of traditional fishermen in Belang District is still relatively low because more than half of their income is only sufficient to meet food needs.
The purpose of this study is to know the sociology of farming farmer’s cassava in
Muting District. Research needs to be done because by knowing the pattern and life
expectancy of the community at the village level can be the basis for the preparation
of planning action of tapioca flour factory development in Merauke. The type of
research is field survey research using the method of data acquisition purposive
sampling. Results of field data and information indicate that the community in Muting
District consists of local and non-local communities. Most people have livelihoods as
farmers. Agricultural system applied that is agriculture traditionaltheir daily life have livelihoods from hunting, fishing and farming in the garden or
yard. The results of hunting, fishing, and cultivation are used for family consumption
needs, but if there is a new residue will be sold to the home environment. While nonlocal
farmers have the main livelihood as fruit farmers other than currently farmers
working in oil palm plantations that operate the Muting area. Farmers in Muting
cultivate cassava in small areas, cassava is only cultivated in the yard and more in
family consumption and the largest land area of 1 ha. With 1 ha of planting area,
farmers are still experiencing marketing constraints. The marketing constraints of
cassava ie the distance to the market center is very far and the cost of transportation
is high. If marketed to Muting and the surrounding environment, the low purchasing
power of people, because the people in general have a cassava plant even in the yard
and was quite consumed by the family. Cassava consumption by the community in
Merauke is not a staple food but only as a side food and food diversification efforts
are still very low.
Exchange Rate of Fishermen Business Fishing in Kalinaun Village, East Likupan...AI Publications
Kalinaun Village is one of the villages located in East Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Fisherman. The analysis used in this research is a descriptive quantitative analysis and descriptive qualitative. The economic situation in the form of fishing rods owned by fishermen in Kalinaun village is their own. The initial capital of Rp. 10,000,000 – Rp. 15,000,000 with a percentage of 80 %. the largest investment cost spent on the purchase of a rainbow boat was Rp. 7,500,000, - with a percentage of 70.09% of the total investment cost and the smallest cost for the purchase of a catinting machine was Rp. 3,200,000, - with a percentage of 29.91%. Fishermen go to sea also vary between 1 – 6 times a week, but on average 4 times a week go to sea. Their income as fishermen is only Rp. 48,000,000 in a year. The profit rate in a year is Rp. 41.930.000, - is the profit earned and can be used for saving or making/procuring new fishing units. The caught fish are marketed to the Girian Village or some consumers come to the fish landing site/beside the beach.
Developing Organic Processed Food Entrepreneurial Intention: Study On Women F...IOSR Journals
This article investigates organic farming of snake fruit and arrowroot. Those plants are expected to contribute to the farmer household’s income improvement. In fact, it gives less contribution to their income. This condition causes those farmers are not interested in this farming business. Consequently, it emerges a problem about how to develop women farmer’s entrepreneurial intention at Wonokerto village. In general, this research observed the initial stage entrepreneurship. Therefore, it focused on the entrepreneurial intention. The main objective of this research was analyze the role of women farmers’ entrepreneurial intention as the mediator of production factors (entrepreneurship, skill, and natural/land resource) on income improvement of the farmers’ household. The analysis tool utilized in this research was path model as the form of advanced regression model. Data collection is conducted by arranging interview and distributing structured questionnaire to 39 respondents whom are women farmers at Wonokerto. The result indicates that entrepreneurial intention is the mediating variable between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. Thus, the main focus during initial stage of business is to enhance entrepreneurial intention. This research expects if organic snake fruit and arrowroot-based processed food business is able to be implemented, then the existence of Wonokerto’s salacca and arrowroot species will be conserved.
Article 7 A STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENTTHROUGH SUSTAINABLE ORGANIC FARMING D...Dr UMA K
UMA .K
Assistant professor in commerce
Reference: 6. UMA. K & Dr. RECHANNA (2020) “A STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SUSTAINABLE ORGANIC FARMING”, AEGAEUM JOURNAL, ISSN NO: 0776-3808, http://aegaeum.com/, Volume 8, Issue 8, 2020, Page No 1474- 1486.
Survival Strategy of the Fisherman Community Against Weather Changes in Tandu...AI Publications
The aim of this research is to identify and examine the strategies of the fishing community in Tandurusa Village to survive in the face of weather changes. This research was conducted to obtain data that can be used as a reference in strategies and empowerment models to deal with weather changes which certainly greatly influence fishermen's catches which ultimately affects the household economy. This research was conducted in Tandurusa Village, Aertembaga District, Bitung City using a case study method. The population in this study were all fishermen in Tandurusa Village. The data collection technique was carried out using a sampling method, and the sample collection method used a purposive sampling method. The number of samples to be taken is 10% of the total population, namely 28 people. The data collected is in the form of primary data and secondary data. Primary data collection techniques using observation and interviews guided by questionnaires. The data obtained was analyzed using quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the research carried out, the results obtained were that: Weather changes that occur every year can cause changes in the economy of fishermen's families. When the weather is friendly, it is often called harvest season because fishermen catch enough to fulfill all their household's living needs. On the other hand, when the weather changes, where strong winds and big waves, fishermen cannot go to sea to catch fish, so there is no income to support their living expenses. they. Situations like this make fishermen and their families look for ways or strategies to survive. There are 3 strategies used by fishermen in Tandurusa Village, Aertembaga District, Bitung City to survive. The three strategies are active strategy, passive strategy and network strategy, all three strategies are used and even combined according to the needs and situation and conditions of the fishing family faced at that time. The active strategy that fishing families use is to seek additional income outside of fishing at sea. Some fishing families are brave, trade, become motorbike taxi drivers, transport workers, construction workers and so on. The passive strategy used by fishing families is to save or reduce all living costs that can still be reduced as much as possible. Meanwhile, the last strategy used by fishing families to survive is the networking strategy, namely seeking loans from family, relatives, cooperatives, banks or others to maintain their family's lives.
Phytochemical Analysis of Lantana camera, Oxalis corniculata and Sphagneticol...AI Publications
Lantana camera, Oxalis coniculata and Sphagneticola trilobata are rapidly growing weed in Maharashtra, were selected and aimed to investigate the presence of phytochemicals in leaf and stem. Aqueous, Acetone and Methanol Solvents were used for phytochemical analysis. Our findings provides evidence, that aqueous and organic solvent extracts of these plants contain medicinally important bioactive compounds.
Analysis of the Role and Contribution of Fishermen’s Wives to Family Income i...AI Publications
Jayakarsa Village is a coastal village located in West Likupang District which is one of the tourist destinations in North Sulawesi and even in Indonesia. In this village there are still fishing communities who use the traditional fishing gear jubi or arrows to meet their needs. The aim of the research is to identify and analyze the amount and sources of income of jubi fishermen in Jayakarsa Village, West Likupang District, and analyze the amount and type of expenditure of jubi fishermen in Jayakarsa Village, West Likupang District, as well as analyze the standard of living of jubi fishermen in Jayakarsa Village, West Likupang District. The research location was carried out in Jayakarsa Village, West Likupang District using basic survey methods. The population in this research is jubi fishermen who have families in Jayakarsa Village totaling 30 people. The data collection method uses the census method, namely taking the entire population to be used as respondents. Data consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data collection was carried out by means of interviews using questionnaires and observations. Collecting secondary data is by quoting data from related agencies or data from previous research results. The data obtained will be processed and analyzed descriptively qualitatively and descriptively quantitatively. Qualitative descriptive analysis is used to provide discussions of qualitative data related to existing theory. The data is analyzed and then interpreted as research results. The research results show that the income of jubi fishermen in Jayakarsa Village comes from their main job as crew members on the Pajeko Ship and side jobs. Jubi fishermen's expenditure consists of total food expenditure plus total non-food expenditure. Analysis of the Engel Index obtained was 65.9%, which means that 65.9% of the total income of jubi fishermen in Jayakarsa Village is used to meet food needs. This means that the level of welfare of jubi fishermen in Jayakarsa Village is still relatively low.
Assessment of Youth Involvement in Livestock Farming as a Career in Oluyole L...AI Publications
This study investigated the involvement of youths in livestock farming as a career in Oluyole Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. We specifically determined the Socio-economic characteristics of the youth in the study area and ascertained their level of involvement in livestock farming as we analyzed the constraints to livestock farming as affecting the youth involvement in livestock farming. We also tested if there is significant relationship between selected Socio-economic characteristics and as well as constraints facing youth involvement in livestock farming as career in the study area. There are 10 wards in the local government out of which four were randomly selected with two villages selected from each of the four wards. Fifteen young farmers were randomly selected from each village to make a total of 120 respondents for the study. While 120 questionnaires were administered only 86 were retrieved. The data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics, chi-square and Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC). The result revealed that majority (58.1%) of the respondent were between 18-29 years, 65.1% were single with minimum of tertiary education (64%). A good number of them (27.9%) were managers with about 51.2% engaging in poultry farming. Chi-square analysis revealed that there is a significant (p<0.05) relationship between the sources of income and some selected socioeconomic characteristics with P-value of 0.011 and x2= 1.987. sources of income also significantly (p<0.05)affect the involvement of respondents in livestock farming in the study area. The study therefore concluded that inadequate capital and infrastructures constitute the major constraints to youths’ involvement in livestock farming as career. Government should therefore ensure availability of loan facilities as well as enable environment to encourage youths to venture more into livestock farming in the study area.
The Roles of Women in Fish Processing Activities in Some Local Government Are...BRNSS Publication Hub
Fish processing activities in some communities of Rivers State were investigated to determine the
role of women in its development and sustainability. Fifty structured questionnaires were randomly
distributed in five communities (10 per community) across three local government areas of the state.
The results from the study indicated that most of the respondents are young and married women. They
are actively involved in fish processing activities in combination with fishing. The women had between
6 and 10 years of experience in fish processing. In the study area, women utilized smoking as major
processing methods, with mullets, sardine, and tilapia as major species processed by the women. Fish
processing in these communities is done mostly by smoking using a locally made kiln which can dry a
lot of fish at a time. Occupational hazards associated with fish processing include skin rashes, redness
of the eye, offensive body odor, and bruises. Moreover, insufficient capital, lack of modern processing
facilities, poor storage facilities, and scarcity in fish supply have been identified as major constraints
facing women involvement in processing activities in these communities. There is, therefore, the need
to empower the women fish processors in these areas through granting of loans and credit facilities,
capacity building, introduction of improved fish processing equipment, and storage facilities. These will
go a long way in enhancing fish production, improve their livelihood, and boost socioeconomic status of
these women processors in the study areas
Evaluation of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST) Extens...IJAEMSJORNAL
This research aimed to evaluate the NEUST extension service provided by the Business Administration (BA) Society on the members of Tanawan Mushroom Grower’s Association of Barangay Tanawan, Dingalan, Aurora. Evaluation research was made to assess the current situation of the cooperative in this remote barangay. Mushroom production is appropriate to the locality and its residents based on their economic profile, interests, and availability of resources.The climate of Barangay Tanawan also suits for mushroom growing. Likewise, mushroom growing requires little space and will not consume a lot of time of growers. The officers of the cooperative further requested that the BA Society could provide them free seeds and continuous assistance to make their association thrived in this business endeavor.
Gender Based Comparison on Participation of Farmers in Agricultural Extension...Premier Publishers
Agriculture extension service plays a significant role in dissemination of technology among rural farmers. Therefore, participation of female as well as male farmers for these activities and application of agricultural knowledge is vital in developing the agricultural sector. However, to authors knowledge, studies on gender-based comparisons of participation in extension activities are lacking in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to find the determinants of women and men participation of extension activities separately. Taking a sample of one hundred and fifty female farmers and one hundred and fifty male farmers using simple random sampling technique this study was conducted in Medadumbara Divisional Secretariat and Poisson regression was applied to find the determinants. Study results showed that civil status of female farmer, time barriers, inflexible domestic activities and improper extension activities are the major barriers of the participation of female farmers in agricultural extension activities. Similarly, time barriers such as lack of time available to participate in extension activities, household responsibilities, financial problems, lack of enthusiasm in participating to extension activities are the major constraints that hinder male farmers’ participation in agricultural extension activities. This study recommends that wealthy female farmers should be encouraged to participate in extension activities. Furthermore, they should be educated with more cost management strategies in allocating inputs in the production through extension activities.
Influence of Culture on Women Farmers’ Participation in Agriculture Activitie...AI Publications
The study examined the influence of culture on women farmers’ participation in agricultural activities in Ahoada-East of Rivers, Nigeria. Six communities namely Odieke, Odisama, OgboIhuaje, Okpokudodo and Ihugbuluko were selected using convenience sampling technique. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select sixty women farmers from the selected communities. Interview schedule was used to elicit information from the respondents. Women participated in agricultural activities such as processing and fertilizer application among others. Traditional/customary influenced women farmers’ participation on agricultural activities as women do not go to the farm on Eke day (x=3.29), women do not farm on burial day (x=2.80), among others. The people believed that farming during festival is a taboo (x=3.23) and norms demand women to return earlier from farm to carry out domestic duties (x=3.23). The study recommends that communities should carry out improvements in mainstreaming and transformation on cultural issues to enable women have access to productive resources.
The Statutory Interpretation of Renewable Energy Based on Syllogism of Britis...AI Publications
The current production for energy consumption generates harmful impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment causing instability to sustainable development goals. The constitutional reforms of British Government serve to be an important means of resolving any encountered incompatibilities to political environment. This study aims to evaluate green economy using developed equation for renewable energy towards political polarization of corporate governance. The Kano Model Assessment is used to measure the equivalency of 1970 Patents Act to UK Intellectual Property tabulating the criteria for the fulfillment of sustainable development goals in respect to the environment, artificial intelligence, and dynamic dichotomy of administrative agencies and presidential restriction, as statutory interpretation development to renewable energy. The constitutional forms of British government satisfy the sustainable development goals needed to fight climate change, advocate healthy ecosystem, promote leadership of magnates, and delegate responsibilities towards green economy. The presidential partisanship must be observed to delineate parties of concerns and execute the government prescriptions in equivalence to the dichotomous relationship of technology and the environment in fulfilling the rights and privileges of all citizens. Hence, the political elites can execute corporate governance towards sustainable development of renewable energy promoting environmental parks and zero emission target of carbon dioxide discharges. The economic theory developed in statutory interpretation for renewable energy serves as a tool to reduce detrimental impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment, mitigate climate change, and produce artefacts of bioenergy and artificial intelligence promoting sustainable development. It is suggested to explore other vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence to prosper economic success.
Enhancement of Aqueous Solubility of Piroxicam Using Solvent Deposition SystemAI Publications
Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is characterized by low solubility-high permeability. The present study was designed to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam at the physiological pH's through its increased solubility by using solvent deposition system.
Analysis of Value Chain of Cow Milk: The Case of Itang Special Woreda, Gambel...AI Publications
Ethiopia has a long and rich history of dairy farming, which was mostly carried out by small and marginal farmers who raised cattle, camels, goats, and sheep, among other species, for milk. Finding the Itang Special Woreda cow milk value chain is the study's main goal. In order to gather primary data, 204 smallholder dairy farmer households were randomly selected, and the market concentration ratio was calculated using 20 traders. Descriptive statistics, econometric models, and rank analysis were used to achieve the above specified goals. Out of all the participants in the milk value chain, producers, cafés, hotels, and dairy cooperatives had the largest gross marketing margins, accounting for 100% of the consumer price in channels I and II, 55% in channels III and V, and 25.5% in channels V. The number of children under five, the number of milking cows owned, the amount of money from non-dairy sources, the frequency of extension service contacts, the amount of milk produced each day, and the availability of market information were found to have an impact on smallholders' involvement in the milk market. Numerous obstacles also limited the amount of milk produced and marketed. The poll claims that general health issues, sickness, predators, and a lack of veterinary care are plaguing farmers. In order to address the issue of milk perishability, the researchers recommended the host community and organization to construct an agro milk processor, renovate the dairy cooperative in the study region, and restructure the current conventional marketing to lower the transaction and cost of milk marketing.
Minds and Machines: Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Investment Decisions ...AI Publications
In the evolving landscape of financial decision-making, this study delves into the intricate relationships among Emotional Intelligence (EI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Investment Decisions (ID). By scrutinizing the direct influence of human emotional intelligence on investment choices and elucidating the mediating role of AI in this process, our research seeks to unravel the complex interplay between minds and machines. Through empirical analysis, we reveal that EI not only directly impacts ID but also exerts its influence indirectly through AI-mediated pathways. The findings underscore the pivotal role of emotional awareness in investor decision-making, augmented by the technological capabilities of AI. It suggests that most investors are influenced by the identified emotional intelligence when making investment decisions. Furthermore, AI substantially impacts investors' decision-making process when it comes to investing; nevertheless, AI partially mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and investment decisions. This nuanced understanding provides valuable insights for financial practitioners, policymakers, and researchers, emphasizing the need for holistic strategies that integrate emotional and technological dimensions in navigating the intricacies of modern investment landscapes. As the synergy between human intuition and artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integral to financial decision-making, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the symbiotic relationship between minds and machines in investments.0
Bronchopulmonary cancers are common cancers with a poor prognosis. It is the leading cause of death by cancer in Algeria and in the world. Behind this unfavorable prognosis hides numerous disparities according to age, sex, and exposure to risk factors, ranking 4th among incident cancers and developing countries including Algeria, all sexes combined. It ranks 2nd cancers in men and 3rd among women. Whatever the age observed, the incidence of this cancer is higher in men than in women, however the gap is narrowing to the detriment of the latter. The results of scientific research agree to relate trends in incidence and mortality rates to tobacco consumption, including passive smoking. Furthermore, other risk factors are mentioned such as exposure to asbestos in the workplace or to radon for the general population, or even genetic predisposition. However, the weight of these etiological and/or predisposing factors is in no way comparable to that of tobacco in the genesis of lung cancer and the resulting mortality. We provide a literature review in our article on the descriptive and analytical epidemiology of lung cancer.
Further analysis on Organic agriculture and organic farming in case of Thaila...AI Publications
The objective of this paper is to present Further analysis on Organic agriculture and organic farming in case of Thailand agriculture and enhancing farmer productivity. In view of the demand for organic fertilizers, efforts should also be made to enhance and to develop more effective of compost, bio-fertilizer, and bio-pesticides currently used by farmers. Likewise, emphasis should also be laid on the cultivation of legumes and other crops that can enhance the fertility of the soil, as practiced by farmers in many developing countries to fertilize their lands. On the other hand, most of the farmers who practice this farm system found that they are adopting a number of SLMs and interested in joining the meeting or training to gain more and more knowledge.
Current Changes in the Role of Agriculture and Agri-Farming Structures in Tha...AI Publications
The objective os this study is to present Current Changes in the Role of Agriculture and Agri-Farming Structures in Thailand and Vietnam with SLM practices. Farmer’s adoption and investment in SLM is a key for controlling land degradation, enhancing the well-being of society, and ensuring the optimal use of land resources for the benefit of present and future generations (World Bank, 2006; FAO, 2018). And agriculture remains an essential element of lives of many farmers in term of the strong cultural and symbolic values that attach current working generation to do and to spend time for it but not intern of income generating.
Growth, Yield and Economic Advantage of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in R...AI Publications
Haphazard and low soil fertility, low yielding verities and poor agronomic practices are among the major factors constraining onion production in the central rift valley of Ethiopia. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in East Showa Zone of Adami Tulu Jido Combolcha district in central rift valley areas at ziway from October 2021 to April 2022 to identify appropriate rate of NPSB fertilizer and planting pattern of onion varieties. The experiment was laid out in split plot design of factorial arrangement in three replications. The main effect of NPSB blended fertilizer rates and varieties (red coach and red king) significantly (p<0.01) influenced plant height, leaf length, leaf diameter, leaf number and fresh leaf weight, shoot dry matter per plant, and harvest index. Total dry biomass, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average fresh bulb weight, bulb dry matter, marketable bulb yield, and total bulb yield were significantly (p<0.01) influenced only by the main effect of NPSB blended fertilizer rates. In addition, unmarketable bulb yield was statistically significantly affected (p≥0.05) by the blended fertilizer rates and planting pattern. Moreover, days to 90% maturity of onion was affected by the main factor of NPSB fertilizer rate, variety and planting pattern. The non-fertilized plants in the control treatment were inferior in all parameters except unmarketable bulb yield and harvest index. Significantly higher marketable bulb yield (41 t ha-1) and total bulb yield (41.33 t ha-1) was recorded from 300 kg ha-1 NPSB blended fertilizer rate applied. Double row planting method and hybrid red coach onion variety had also gave higher growth and yields. The study revealed that the highest net benefit of Birr, 878,894 with lest cost of Birr 148,006 by the combinations of 150 kg blended NPSB ha-1 with double row planting method (40cm*20cm*7cm) and red coach variety which can be recommendable for higher marketable bulb yield and economic return of hybrid onion for small scale farmers in the study area. Also, for resource full producers (investors), highest net benefit of Birr 1,205,372 with higher cost (159,628 Birr) by application of 300 kg NPSB ha-1 is recommended as a second option. However, the research should be replicated both in season and areas to more verify the recommendations.
Evaluation of In-vitro neuroprotective effect of Ethanolic extract of Canariu...AI Publications
The ethanolic extract of canarium solomonense leaves (ecsl) was studied for its neuroprotective activity. The neuroprotective activity of ECSL was found to have a significant impact on neuronal cell death triggered by hydrogen peroxide (MTT assay) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, is frequently used to induce cognitive impairment in laboratory animals. Injections of scopolamine influence multiple cognitive functions, including motor function, short-term memory, and attention. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was evaluated. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, ECSL was found to have a substantial effect on the memory of scopolamine- induced amnesic rats. Our experimental data indicated that ECSL can reverse scopolamine induced amnesia and assist with memory issues.
The goal of neuroprotection is to shield neurons against damage, whether that damage is caused by environmental factors, pathogens, or neurodegenerative illnesses. Inhibiting protein-based deposit buildup, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, as well as rectifying abnormalities of neurotransmitters like dopamine and acetylcholine, are some of the ways in which medicinal herbs have neuroprotective effects [1-3]. This review will focus on the ways in which medicinal herbs may protect neurons.
A phytochemical and pharmacological review on canarium solomonenseAI Publications
The genus Canarium L. consists of 75 species of aromatic trees which are found in the rainforests of tropical Asia, Africa and the Pacific. The medicinal uses, botany, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities are now reviewed. Various compounds are tabulated according to their classes their structures are given. Traditionally canarium solomonense have been used to treat a broad array of illnesses. Pharmacological actions for canarium solomonense as discussed in this review include antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antitumor activity.
Influences of Digital Marketing in the Buying Decisions of College Students i...AI Publications
This research investigates the influence of digital marketing channels on purchasing decisions among college students in Ramanathapuram District. The study highlights that social media marketing, online advertising, and mobile marketing exhibit substantial positive effects on purchase decisions. However, email marketing's impact appears to be more complex. Moreover, the study explores how demographic variables like gender and academic level shape these effects. Notably, freshman students display varying susceptibility to specific digital marketing messages compared to their junior, senior, or graduate counterparts. These findings offer crucial insights for marketers aiming to tailor their strategies effectively to the preferences and behaviors of college students. By understanding the differential impacts of various digital marketing channels and considering demographic nuances, marketers can refine their approaches, optimize engagement, and ultimately enhance the effectiveness of their campaigns in targeting this demographic.
A Study on Performance of the Karnataka State Cooperative Agriculture & Rural...AI Publications
The Karnataka State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank Limited is the apex bank of all the primary co-operative agriculture and rural development banks in the state. All the PCARD Banks in the state are affiliated to it. The KSCARD Bank provides financial accommodation to the PCARD Banks for their lending operations. In order to quick sanction and disbursement of loans and supervision over the PCARD Banks the KSCARD Bank has opened district level branches. Bank has established Women Development Cell to promote entrepreneurship among women in 2005. The Bank is identifying women borrowers in the rural areas by assigning suitable projects to motivate their self-confidence to lead independent life. Progress made in financing women entrepreneurs women.
Breast hamartoma is a rare, well-circumscribed, benign lesion made up of a variable quantity of glandular, adipose and fibrous tissue. This is a lesion that can affect women at any age from puberty. With the increasingly frequent use of imaging methods such as mammography and ultrasound as well as breast biopsy, cases of hamartoma diagnosed are increasing. The diagnosis of these lesions is made by mammography. The histological and radiological aspects are variable and depend on its adipose tissue content. The identification of these lesions is important in order to avoid surgical excisions. We report radio-clinical and pathological records of breast hamartoma.
A retrospective study on ovarian cancer with a median follow-up of 36 months ...AI Publications
Ovarian cancer is relatively common but serious and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to highlight the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this malignant pathology managed at the Bejaia university hospital center. This is a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of 3 years (2019 - 2022) carried out on 20 patients who developed ovarian cancer. The average age of the patients was 50 years old, 53.23% of whom were over 45 years old. The CA-125 blood test was positive in 18 out of 20 patients. The tumors were discovered on ultrasound in 87.10% of cases and at laparotomy in 12.90%. Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was the most performed procedure (64.52%). The early postoperative course was simple. 15 patients underwent second look surgery (16.13%) for locoregional recurrences. Epithelial tumors were the most frequent histological type (93.55%), including 79% in the advanced stage ( IIIc -IV) and 21% in the early stage (Ia- Ib ). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 80% of patients. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 2 patients were lost to follow-up. The evolution was favorable in 27.42% and in 25.81% deaths occurred late postoperatively. Ovarian cancer is not common but serious given the advanced stages and the high rate of late postoperative deaths which were largely observed in patients deprived of adequate neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.
More analysis on environment protection and sustainable agriculture - A case ...AI Publications
This study presents a case of tea and coffee crops , esp. environment protection and sustainable agriculture in Son La and Thai Nguyen of Vietnam. Research results show us that The process of having an agricultural product goes through many steps such as planting, planning, harvesting, packing, transporting, storing and distributing. - The State adopts policies to encourage innovation of agricultural production models and methods towards sustainability, adapting to climate change, saving water, and limiting the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. chemicals and products for environmental treatment in agriculture; develop environmentally friendly agricultural models. Our research limitation is that we can expand for other crops, industries and markets as well.
Assessment of Growth and Yield Performance of Twelve Different Rice Varieties...AI Publications
The present investigation entitled “Assessment of growth and yield performance of twelve different rice varieties under north Konkan coastal zone of Maharashtra” was carried out during the kharif season of the year 2021 and 2022 on the field of ASPEE, Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, At Nare, Taluka Wada, District Palghar, Maharashtra, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The twelve varieties namely Zini, Jaya, Dandi, Rahghudya, Govindbhog, Dangi, Gurjari, VNR-7, VNR-8, VNR-9, Karjat-3, and Karjat-5 were replicated thrice. The plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of panicles (m²), and length of panicle (cm) were noted to the maximum with cv. “VNR-7”. The highest number of seeds per panicle, test weight (gm), grain yield (q/ha), and straw yield (q/ha) were recorded with the cv. “VNR-7”. While the lowest number of days to 50% flowering was also recorded with cv. “VNR-7” during the year 2021 and 2022.
Cultivating Proactive Cybersecurity Culture among IT Professional to Combat E...AI Publications
In the current digital landscape, cybercriminals continually evolve their techniques to execute successful attacks on businesses, thus posing a great challenge to information technology (IT) professionals. While traditional cybersecurity approaches like layered defense and reactive security have helped IT professionals cope with traditional threats, they are ineffective in dealing with evolving cyberattacks. This paper focuses on the need for a proactive cybersecurity culture among IT professionals to enable them combat evolving threats. The paper emphasis that building a proactive security approach and culture can help among IT professionals anticipate, identify, and mitigate latent threats prior to them exploiting existing vulnerabilities. This paper also points out that as IT professionals use reactive security when dealing with traditional attacks, they can use it collaboratively with proactive security to effectively protect their networks, data, and systems and avoid heavy costs of dealing with cyberattack’s aftermaths and business recovery.
The Impacts of Viral Hepatitis on Liver Enzymes and BilrubinAI Publications
Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Several different viruses cause hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. The hepatitis A and E viruses typically cause acute infections. The hepatitis B, C, and D viruses can cause acute and chronic infections. Hepatitis A causes only acute infection and typically gets better without treatment after a few weeks. The hepatitis A virus spreads through contact with an infected person’s stool. Protection by getting the hepatitis A vaccine. Hepatitis E is typically an acute infection that gets better without treatment after several weeks. Some types of hepatitis E virus are spread by drinking water contaminated by an infected person’s stool. Other types are spread by eating undercooked pork or wild game. Hepatitis B can cause acute or chronic infection. Recommendation for screening for hepatitis B in pregnant women or in those with a high chance of being infected. Protection from hepatitis B by getting the hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis C can cause acute or chronic infection. Doctors usually recommend one-time screening of all adults ages 18 to 79 for hepatitis C. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent liver damage. The hepatitis D virus is unusual because it can only infect those who have a hepatitis B virus infection. A coinfection occurs when both hepatitis D and hepatitis B infections at the same time. A superinfection occurs already have chronic hepatitis B and then become infected with hepatitis D. The aim of this study is to find the effect of each type of viral hepatitis on the bilirubin (TB , DSB) , and liver enzymes; AST, ALT, ALP,GGT among viral hepatitis patients. 200 patients were selected from the viral hepatitis units in the central public health laboratory in Baghdad city, all the chosen cases were confirmed as a positive samples , they are classified into four equal group each with fifty individual and with a single serological viral hepatitis type either; anti-HAV( IgM ) , HBs Ag , anti-HCV ,or anti-HEV(IgM ). All patients were tested for; serum bilirubin ( TB ,D.SB ) , AST , ALT , ALP , GGT. Another fifty quite healthy and normal person was selected as a control group for comparison. . Liver enzymes and bilirubin changes are more pronounced in HAV, HEV than HCV and HBVAST and ALT lack some sensitivity in detecting HCV ,HBV and mild elevations of ALT or AST in asymptomatic patients can be evaluated efficiently by considering ,hepatitis B, hepatitis C. ALT is generally a more sensitive indicator of acute liver cell damage than AST, It is relatively specific for hepatocyte necrosis with a marked elevations in viral hepatitis. Liver enzymes and bilirubin changes are more pronounced in HAV, HEV than HCV and HBV.AST and ALT lack some sensitivity in detecting HCV ,HBV and mild elevations of ALT or AST in asymptomatic patients can be evaluated efficiently by considering ,hepatitis B, hepatitis C. ALT is generally a more sensitive indicator of acute liver
Determinants of Women Empowerment in Bishoftu Town; Oromia Regional State of ...AI Publications
The purpose of this study was to determine the status of women's empowerment and its determinants using women's asset endowment and decision-making potential as indicators. To determine representative sample size, this study used a two-stage sampling technique, and 122 sample respondents were selected at random. To analyze the data in this study, descriptive statistics and a probit model were used. The average women's empowerment index was 0.41, indicating a relatively lower status of women's empowerment in the study area. According to the study's findings, only 40.9% of women were empowered, while the remaining 59.1% were not. The probit model results show that women's access to the media, women's income, and their husbands' education status have a significant and positive impact on the status of women's empowerment, while the family size of households has a negative impact. As a result, it is important to enhance women's access to the media and income, promote family planning and contraception, and improve men's educational status in order to improve the status of women's empowerment.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
2. Jeannette Femmy Pangemanan et al. International Journal of Forest, Animal and Fisheries Research (IJFAF)
5(4)-2021
www.aipublications.com Page | 2
began to be unable to meet the needs of the family as it
should be. This encourages women in households to take
part in work to supplement their household income.
Women's participation in the world of work, has
contributed greatly to the welfare of the family, especially
in the economic field. The number of working women
continues to increase both in Indonesia and in other
countries, due to several factors such as increased learning
opportunities, the success of planning programs, many
daycare centers, and technological abominations that allow
women to stop as well as family problems and work
problems, as well as increased work participation.
Working women certainly increase household income,
which is automatically able to improve the nutrition and
health of the whole family. This makes each woman have
two roles at once, namely the domestic role that takes care
of the household and the public role that is in charge of
outside the home or work in meeting the needs of her
family life. For lower-class families, the involvement of
the whole family is very helpful (Nurulmi, 2017).
Eris village is one of the villages located on the shore of
Lake Tondano located in the Eris District of Minahasa
Regency. Families in declining conditions indirectly make
up the majority of households in the village triggering
women's participation as cultivating wives to do work as
part of family life. Women's participation contributes
greatly to aquaculture businesses, in addition to helping to
ease the work of husbands as farmers, also helping to
increase household income.
In general, people think that the place of women is at
home, women are not breadwinners, because the one who
makes a living is a man or his role as a husband. Women
work and earn adequate income as wives remain in status
to help husbands, and the income they earn is considered
complementary. The role of women in supporting the
family economy has been going on since the emergence of
the family institution itself. The division of duties between
members of families, including women to organize home
life is an economic activity (Munaroh, 2007).
Family economic limitations are what demands women as
wives of fish farmers to work, because women's fish
farming activities as wives play a very strategic role,
especially in post-harvest and marketing of fishery
products. According to Sutadi (2006), stated that the
contribution of women as cultivating wives to household
income can reach half of the husband's income. The results
of widaningroem et al., (1998) study on the south coast of
Yogyakarta showed that although reproductive
contributions are made by women, it turns out that it
reaches 80% of the allocation of time every day when they
do productive activities at home, and the contribution is
temporarily abandoned and handed over to their children
or mothers/grandmothers.
Various jobs that women can do to be able to make a
meaningful contribution in supporting family income, such
as selling fish in the market, as retailers, food vendors,
food stall traders, even as housekeepers. Activities carried
out by women as wives can help the economy of the
household of fish breeders themselves.
II. RESEARCH METHODS
This research is descriptive research using the basis of
research that is surveyed. A survey is research conducted
by collecting data, researching, and interpreting data, in
general, is available in the Cresswell field, 2009.
Data collection is done by observation or direct
observation. The population in this study was women as
wives of fish farmers, where her husband conducted fish
breeding activities with the Karamba Net system. The
determination of data retrieval targets is done by interview
while using the questioner to fill in the questions made to
women like the wife of the cultivator in Eris Village, Eris
Subdistrict, Minahasa Regency, questions include
Participation / domestic role of women, what kind of work
she does, how much time (hours) use in each doing this
type of work. Furthermore, the participation / social role of
women, often follow the work of devotion in the
environment, meetings in the village, counseling activities,
follow ppk activities; Participation / productive role in the
field of fisheries: the type of work and the allocation of
time and how much income per month, the reason the
work is done by women and the obstacles faced by the
time of doing the work.
Data analysis of research results is distinguished into two
kinds, namely quantitative descriptive analysis and
qualitative descriptive analysis. Quantitative descriptive
analysis is the processing of data using mathematical
calculations, while qualitative descriptive analysis is the
processing of data conducted with systematic author
languages. The data that has been analyzed is then
interpreted as the result of research and discussed or
summarized according to field facts, regarding the journals
of research results related to this study (Sugiyono, 2010).
To find out the amount of contribution of women as wives
of fish breeders to household income can be calculated by
the formula (Mantjoro, 1979), namely:
The net income of fish farming families is calculated from
the total household income of fish breeders minus the total
expenditure of household fish breeders.
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III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
3.1. General Circumstances of Fish Breeder's Wife
Most wives are mothers in a household, where fish
breeders are the head of their family. This cultivator's wife
works not only to fill her free time, or to develop her
career, but to do work to increase income in meeting the
needs of her household because the income earned by her
husband has not been able to meet the needs of the family
or still lack.
The fundamental problem that is always faced by fish
farming families is how to meet the increasing needs of
life while the income received is still lacking. This
situation requires the wife of a fish breeder to participate in
helping the family economy. This is the driving factor for
the wife of the fish breeder in Eris Village to contribute to
increasing the family income. Various forms of livelihoods
are done to support their family life.
The livelihoods of the wives of fish farmers in Eris Village
consist of various livelihoods, among others as fish sellers
in the market, food vendors, stalls, housekeepers, and
some who work as civil servants (civil servants). More
details can be seen in Table 1:
Table 1. The livelihood of Fish Farming Wife
No. Livelihood
sum
(people)
percentage
(%)
1 Fishmongers at the
market
3 15
2 Fish gatherers 4 20
3 Food vendors 8 40
4 Merchant/Kiosk 2 10
5 Housekeeper 1 5
6 Civil Servants 2 10
Total 20 100
An adequate level of education is one of the factors also
needed in people's lives, where education is one of the
indicators used to measure the level of development of a
village. People who are members of one village, which has
an adequate level of education, describe that the status of
education is sufficient or good. Similarly to the wives of
fish farmers in Eris Village, their level of education can be
seen in table 2.
Table 2. Education level of fish farming wife in Eris
Village
No. Education Level
sum
(people)
percentage
(%)
1 primary school 2 10
2 Junior High School 5 25
3 High School 9 45
4 academy 2 10
5 bachelor 2 10
Total 20 100
The data showed that 45% of women as wives of fish
breeders are good enough because they get an education
up to the top secondary school level (SMA), this illustrates
those women in Eris Village realize that education is
needed even though it does not continue to the next level
of college. When they have a family, it is the work that
decides to be pursued to help the family income rather than
continue their education. This is the basis of women's
thinking in Eris Village that continuing their education is
not solely their goal in dealing with family life.
One of the factors that are less important in determining
how much income contribution of the Wife in doing a job
through the types of work done is the age factor, this is
very related to one's readiness in determining the
productivity of the work. The age of the wife of the fish
breeder who performs her activities can be seen in Table 3.
Table 3. Age classification of fish breeder's wife
No.
Age Level
(year)
sum
(people)
percentage
(%)
1 ≤30 3 15
2 31 – 40 9 45
3 41 – 50 5 25
4 51 – 60 1 5
5 >60 2 10
Total 20 100
Source: Primary data of research results, 2020
Family dependents are one of the factors that are taken into
account in how much the family spends. This can be seen
in Table 4.
Table 4. Number of dependents of fish farming families
No. Family Dependents
sum
(people)
percentage
(%)
1 1 2 10
4. Jeannette Femmy Pangemanan et al. International Journal of Forest, Animal and Fisheries Research (IJFAF)
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2 2 9 45
3 3 5 25
4 4 4 20
Total 20 100
Source: Primary data of research results, 2020
The results showed that 85% of women as wives of fish
farmers in Eris Village belong to the productive age group.
This means that age determines their work productivity
and if finally, the results of this study showed 33.78% of
family income is donated by the wife of the breeder
because the age that productivity determines a person's
performance.
Income is a determinant in living the daily life of the
family, which is why it is very helpful for the family to
continue their lives. The results of the study on the level of
family income more specifically to families in running fish
farming businesses can be seen in Tabel5.
Table 5. Income of fish breeders in Eris Village
No.
Revenue /
month
(Rp)
Side
Revenue/month
(Rp)
sum
(Rp)
1 2.200.000 - 2.200.000
2 4.200.000 - 4.200.000
3 4.500.000 - 4.500.000
4 2.000.000 1.000.000 3.000.000
5 2.500.000 1.500.000 4.000.000
6 3.000.000 2.000.000 5.000.000
7 3.000.000 - 3.000.000
8 3.350.000 1.250.000 4.600.000
9 2.250.000 - 2.250.000
10 6.500.000 - 6.500.000
11 2.750.000 500.000 3.250.000
12 3.500.000 750.000 4.250.000
13 2.500.000 500.000 3.000.000
14 4.000.000 - 4.000.000
15 5.000.000 - 5.000.000
16 4.250.000 - 4.250.000
17 3.250.000 1.000.000 4.250.000
18 2.500.000 1.250.000 3.750.000
19 3.150.000 750.000 3.900.000
20 6.000.000 - 6.000.000
Ttl 70.400.000 10.500.000 80.900.000
Source: Primary data of research results, 2020
The income obtained by fish farmers in Eris Village varies,
the lowest income is Rp 2,000,000 and Rp 2,500,000. This
is because they are classified as labor only. In Eris Village,
each worker is employed per month, they are paid a fee of
that amount. In contrast to fish farmers who earn Rp
5,000,000 to Rp 6,500,000, those who earn like this per
month because they are fish farmers who own caramba
nets. Revenues can change higher because both those who
work and the owner of the caramba nets add to each
caramba unit. If at any time there is a decrease in income it
also depends on the price of fish in the market.
Currently, the people of Eris Village, which has fish
farmers, not only them but the whole world are
experiencing the Covid-19 outbreak. Fish breeders
currently earn by about 20% to 25%, because of the price
of fish that applies before Covid-19 Mujair fish per kilo Rp
25,000 - Rp 27,000, but with Covid-19 then the price of
fish drops to Rp 20,000 per kilogram even up to Rp 17,000
per kilogram if traders from outside Eris Village come to
the fish harvest.
The average income of fish breeders in Eris Village from
the results of the study turned out to be only Rp 4,000,000
/ month by supporting the family of other needs, so such
income is not enough to meet all the needs of the family.
This is what encourages the cultivator's wife to work in
increasing their family income.
Every fishery activity carried out, the role of family
members in this case the wife is needed to support the
family's economic life. The husband who serves as the
head of the family is very important in living the home
life. The wife as the mother of children who need clothing,
food, and boards also plays a role in helping the husband
in meeting all the needs of his family. The amount of
income donated as a contribution to the family's income
both in fishery business activities and outside fishery
business activities. The income of the wife of the fish
breeder can be seen in Table 6.
Table 6. Wife's income of fish breeder in Eris Village
No.
Income Level
(Rp)
Fishery Business
Outside Fishery
Business
sum % sum %
1 1.000.000 - 8 53,44
2 1.500.000 - 5 33,33
3 2.000.000 3 60 -
4 2.500.000 2 40 -
5 7.000.000 - 2 13,33
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Total 5 100 15 100
Source: Primary data of research results, 2020
The life that every family life is a life that will continue,
and this will not be separated from the needs that must be
used every day. Daily needs such as food, clothing, health,
education, electricity, water, and other needs, of course,
need to spend money for the results of existing income to
meet these needs. Based on the results of the study on the
level of family expenditure, can be seen in Table 7.
Table 7. Household expenditure of fish farmers in Eris Village
No. food clothes Farm education health Other sum
1 1.150.000 150.000 - 200.000 500.000 250.000 2.250.000
2 2.000.000 1.000.000 200.000 750.000 500.000 500.000 4.950.000
3 1.500.000 - 200.000 1.000.000 600.000 600.000 3.900.000
4 1.000.000 150.000 - - 250.000 150.000 1.550.000
5 1.500.000 500.000 - 250.000 250.000 500.000 3.000.000
6 2.500.000 1.000.000 250.000 1.500.000 150.000 500.000 5.900.000
7 1.000.000 500.000 - 250.000 - 150.000 1.900.000
8 500.000 - - - 250.000 150.000 900.000
9 750.000 250.000 - 150.000 150.000 200.000 1.500.000
10 1.250.000 500.000 - 200.000 - 100.000 2.050.000
11 1.500.000 1.000.000 - 150.000 200.000 100.000 2.950.000
12 1.250.000 - - - 200.000 150.000 1.600.000
13 2.000.000 500.000 250.000 250.000 200.000 150.000 3.350.000
14 1.750.000 250.000 - - 250.000 200.000 2.450.000
15 1.500.000 150.000 - - 150.000 100.000 1.900.000
16 2.000.000 500.000 200.000 300.000 250.000 200.000 3.450.000
17 2.500.000 500.000 - 350.000 100.000 200.000 3.650.000
18 1.250.000 - - 150.000 - 200.000 1.600.000
19 1.000.000 - - 150.000 - 150.000 1.300.000
20 1.500.000 250.000 500.000 150.000 500.000 500.000 3.400.000
∑ 29.400.000 7.200.000 1.600.000 5.800.000 4.500.000 5.050.000 53.550.000
Source: Primary data of research results, 2020
The income generated by the farming family in Eris
Village, which is calculated using the total income of the
cultivator plus the main income as a cultivator. All income
is summed up, then the wife's income is calculated both
from fishery and non-fishery are all summed up.
Based on the results of each of the husband's income and
wife's income are all summed up, then reduced by the total
expenditure of the family of the breeder, namely
expenditures from clothing, food, boards, etc. The result of
this reduction is called the family's net income. For the
calculation of family, income can be calculated, it will be
taken the average income of the family of fish breeders in
Eris Village, so that in calculating how much the
percentage of income contribution of women as wives of
fish farmers to the income of the family, then we can
quickly calculate it. The average income of fish farming
families in Eris Village, Eris Subdistrict, can be seen in
table 8.
Table 8. Income of fish breeder family in Eris Village
No. Family Income
Number of
Fish Culture
Families
percentage
(%)
1 1.000.000 – 3.000.000 7 35
2 3.100.000 – 4.000.000 6 30
3 4.100.000 – 5.000.000 4 20
4 > 5,000,000 3 15
6. Jeannette Femmy Pangemanan et al. International Journal of Forest, Animal and Fisheries Research (IJFAF)
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sum 20 100
Source: Primary data of research results, 2020
The net income of the fish farming family is the husband's
income plus the wife's income. The results showed that out
of 20 respondents who were husbands the total amount of
their income in one (1) month was Rp 80,900,000 while all
respondents who were wives there were 20 people, their
income totaled Rp 41,000,000, so the husband's income
plus wife's income was Rp 80,900,000 + Rp 41,000,000 =
Rp 121,900,000.
To get a net result per month, it must be reduced again by
the total expenditure of the family of fish farmers. The
result for total expenses (Table 11) amounted to Rp
53,550,000. So the net result per month amounted to Rp
121,900,000 less than Rp. 53,550,000 = Rp 68,350,000 per
month. Taken by the average individual, the net income
per month is Rp 68,350,000 divided by 20 people = Rp
3,417,500 per month, this means that each family's net
income is Rp 3,417,500.
3.2. Contribution of Fish Breeder's Wife's Income to
Family Income
The contribution of wives in a household is not only
complementary in reproductive function but women also
make a big contribution to the economy and welfare of
households and communities (Elfindri, 2003). Working
women will increase household income, which
automatically improves well-being in the family.
The participation of the wife of a fish breeder in Eris
Village in various activities both non-fishery nor fishery
business in supporting her family life, both as a Housewife
has made a significant contribution, to cover the lack of
income from the head of the family. The results prove that
the increase in family income is due to wife participation
because of trying to work in increasing the family income.
Pangemanan, J.F. (2018) stated that the family income
increased by 80% due to the diversity of businesses
conducted by the wife of a fish breeder in Eris Village.
The participation of the wife of the fish breeder has a
positive effect on the family income.
The contribution of the income of the wife of the fish
breeder in Eris Village is quite large in helping the family's
economic life. The results illustrate that the total income of
the wife of fish breeders from 20 respondents, both from
the type of work in the fishery as many as 5 people, non-
fisheries as many as 15 people (Table 10). The net income
of the family of fish breeders is calculated from the total
family income minus the total expenditure of the family so
that the contribution of the income of the wife of the fish
breeder to the family income can be calculated as follows.
= 33.63%
This result shows that the contribution of the income of the
cultivating wife is 33.63%, where this contribution has an
important role in the survival of the family can be met and
support the needs in the family and community in Eris
Village. This result shows that one-third of the family's
living cost is the contribution of the wife of the fish
breeder, which is why the wife not only serves the family
and relies only on income from the husband but this
contribution in addition to taking care of the household is
also very important in supporting the income and meeting
the needs of the family dependents.
IV. CONCLUSION
The participation of the wife of the fish breeder in Eris
Village in various activities both non-fishery nor fishery
business in supporting her family life, both as a Housewife
has made a significant contribution, to cover the lack of
income from the head of the family.
The contribution of the income of the cultivating wife is
33.63%, where this contribution has an important role in
the survival of the family can be met and support the needs
in the family and community in Eris Village. These results
show that one-third of the family's cost of living is the
contribution of the wife of the fish breeder.
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