Containerized Housing Unit, usually abbreviated as CHU (and sometimes called Containerized Living Unit or CLU) is the name given to an ISO shipping container pre-fabricated into a living quarters.[1] Such containers can be transported by container ships, railroad cars, planes, and trucks that are capable of transporting intermodal freight transport cargo.
Design and Analysis of Pre Stressed I Girders by Midas Civil Softwareijtsrd
Today the construction of bridges has gained worldwide importance. Bridges are an important feature of all road networks and the use of pre stressed bridges is increasingly popular in the construction of bridges due to their better stability, service friendliness, economy and durability, beauty and appearance of the building. Reinforced concrete construction, steel or steel construction using composite construction. In the case of high spaces, reinforced concrete construction makes no money due to the large space. cross section is used more effectively than cross section of reinforced concrete. Prefabricated concrete is used for long bridges with a length of more than 10 meters. Typically, when bridges are calculated, the superstructure and substructure are analyzed separately. The supernatural structure is usually a grid made of large strips, a shortcut membrane and a desk slab. vertical grid Columns of large girders with anchors. The superstructure is tested according to IRC 62014 and according to IRC 182000 with unimaginable gravity loads and loads of moving vehicles. Reduced stress and deviation rates compared to a straightforward tender profile. Rishabh Singh | A. K. Jha | R. S. Parihar "Design and Analysis of Pre-Stressed I-Girders by Midas Civil Software" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50694.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50694/design-and-analysis-of-prestressed-igirders-by-midas-civil-software/rishabh-singh
This document provides information about beams used in structural engineering. It defines beams, discusses their structural characteristics like moment of inertia and stresses, and describes different types of beams including simply supported, fixed, cantilever, and trussed beams. It also covers beam design, applications in bridges and cranes, potential failure modes from plastic hinges, buckling or material failure, and methods to prevent failures like lateral restraints.
This document presents the results of an experiment investigating the use of laterite as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength were tested at curing ages of 3, 7, and 28 days for concrete mixtures with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% laterite replacements. The results show that compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength generally increase up to a 10% laterite replacement, before decreasing with further increases in the laterite replacement ratio.
The document discusses the future of civil engineering. It covers innovative technologies like 3D printing, swarm construction, smart buildings, smart cities, vertical cities, and intelligent transportation systems. It also discusses housing demand and infrastructure development in India, including the need for 51 million housing units to address shortages. Challenges for civil engineers include developing infrastructure like roads, ports, airports, railways and power while addressing this housing crisis.
Green concrete is a more sustainable alternative to traditional concrete that can reduce CO2 emissions and pollution. It uses waste materials like fly ash as a cement replacement. The document discusses the objectives, methods, requirements and limitations of green concrete. It also provides details on three award-winning construction projects that utilized green concrete techniques, including the percentage of fly ash and recycled aggregates used. The projects demonstrate how green concrete can support sustainable development goals.
DESIGN OF SHORT COLUMN WITH AXIAL LOAD & BIAXIAL MOMENTSHUBHAM SINGH
This document presents the steps for designing a short concrete column with axial load and biaxial bending moments. The steps include:
1) Determining the effective length based on unsupported length and slenderness ratio
2) Checking if the column qualifies as short based on a slenderness ratio less than 12
3) Calculating the minimum eccentricity
4) Designing for 5% of the side dimension with minimum eccentricity
5) Calculating the design loads and equivalent moment
6) Determining reinforcement ratio and capacity based on design charts
7) Checking capacity against design loads using interaction diagrams.
Modular construction involves prefabricating building sections off-site and transporting them for assembly. It offers several advantages over traditional construction including significantly reduced construction time, lower costs due to controlled factory conditions and simultaneous on-site/off-site work, and less waste. Modular buildings are built using wood or steel frames with walls, floors, and other components assembled indoors in sections and transported for cranes to piece together on foundations. Their strength and durability matches traditional buildings while providing environmental benefits like reduced materials use and easier deconstruction.
Study of alternative building materials with respect to Conventional methods of construction.
Understand environmental issues due to building materials and the energy consumption in manufacturing building materials
Design and Analysis of Pre Stressed I Girders by Midas Civil Softwareijtsrd
Today the construction of bridges has gained worldwide importance. Bridges are an important feature of all road networks and the use of pre stressed bridges is increasingly popular in the construction of bridges due to their better stability, service friendliness, economy and durability, beauty and appearance of the building. Reinforced concrete construction, steel or steel construction using composite construction. In the case of high spaces, reinforced concrete construction makes no money due to the large space. cross section is used more effectively than cross section of reinforced concrete. Prefabricated concrete is used for long bridges with a length of more than 10 meters. Typically, when bridges are calculated, the superstructure and substructure are analyzed separately. The supernatural structure is usually a grid made of large strips, a shortcut membrane and a desk slab. vertical grid Columns of large girders with anchors. The superstructure is tested according to IRC 62014 and according to IRC 182000 with unimaginable gravity loads and loads of moving vehicles. Reduced stress and deviation rates compared to a straightforward tender profile. Rishabh Singh | A. K. Jha | R. S. Parihar "Design and Analysis of Pre-Stressed I-Girders by Midas Civil Software" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50694.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50694/design-and-analysis-of-prestressed-igirders-by-midas-civil-software/rishabh-singh
This document provides information about beams used in structural engineering. It defines beams, discusses their structural characteristics like moment of inertia and stresses, and describes different types of beams including simply supported, fixed, cantilever, and trussed beams. It also covers beam design, applications in bridges and cranes, potential failure modes from plastic hinges, buckling or material failure, and methods to prevent failures like lateral restraints.
This document presents the results of an experiment investigating the use of laterite as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength were tested at curing ages of 3, 7, and 28 days for concrete mixtures with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% laterite replacements. The results show that compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength generally increase up to a 10% laterite replacement, before decreasing with further increases in the laterite replacement ratio.
The document discusses the future of civil engineering. It covers innovative technologies like 3D printing, swarm construction, smart buildings, smart cities, vertical cities, and intelligent transportation systems. It also discusses housing demand and infrastructure development in India, including the need for 51 million housing units to address shortages. Challenges for civil engineers include developing infrastructure like roads, ports, airports, railways and power while addressing this housing crisis.
Green concrete is a more sustainable alternative to traditional concrete that can reduce CO2 emissions and pollution. It uses waste materials like fly ash as a cement replacement. The document discusses the objectives, methods, requirements and limitations of green concrete. It also provides details on three award-winning construction projects that utilized green concrete techniques, including the percentage of fly ash and recycled aggregates used. The projects demonstrate how green concrete can support sustainable development goals.
DESIGN OF SHORT COLUMN WITH AXIAL LOAD & BIAXIAL MOMENTSHUBHAM SINGH
This document presents the steps for designing a short concrete column with axial load and biaxial bending moments. The steps include:
1) Determining the effective length based on unsupported length and slenderness ratio
2) Checking if the column qualifies as short based on a slenderness ratio less than 12
3) Calculating the minimum eccentricity
4) Designing for 5% of the side dimension with minimum eccentricity
5) Calculating the design loads and equivalent moment
6) Determining reinforcement ratio and capacity based on design charts
7) Checking capacity against design loads using interaction diagrams.
Modular construction involves prefabricating building sections off-site and transporting them for assembly. It offers several advantages over traditional construction including significantly reduced construction time, lower costs due to controlled factory conditions and simultaneous on-site/off-site work, and less waste. Modular buildings are built using wood or steel frames with walls, floors, and other components assembled indoors in sections and transported for cranes to piece together on foundations. Their strength and durability matches traditional buildings while providing environmental benefits like reduced materials use and easier deconstruction.
Study of alternative building materials with respect to Conventional methods of construction.
Understand environmental issues due to building materials and the energy consumption in manufacturing building materials
The document discusses different methods of designing reinforced concrete elements:
1. Modular ratio (working stress) method, which assumes elastic behavior and uses factors of safety. It was the first accepted method but has limitations.
2. Load factor method, which avoids modular ratio and uses load factors to account for ultimate loads. However, it does not consider serviceability.
3. Limit state method, adopted in modern codes, which considers both ultimate and serviceability limit states using partial safety factors applied to loads and material strengths. It provides a comprehensive solution for safety and serviceability.
1) The document discusses fly ash and fly ash bricks. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants and is commonly used to make fly ash bricks.
2) Fly ash bricks are manufactured by mixing fly ash with water, compressing it, and curing in steam. They have advantages over traditional clay bricks like higher strength and durability.
3) Establishing a fly ash brick production business requires land, machinery, raw materials, and generates employment. The document provides details on setting up and operating a small-scale fly ash brick production business.
This document discusses the derivation and application of three-moment equations for analyzing statically indeterminate continuous beams. The key points are:
1) Three-moment equations relate the bending moments at three successive supports to the applied loads on adjacent spans. They allow continuous beams to be analyzed by treating each span as simply supported with end moments.
2) The equations are derived by writing compatibility equations at each interior support in terms of the left, center, and right bending moments.
3) Examples show how to set up and solve the three-moment equations to determine support reactions and draw shear and moment diagrams for continuous beams with various loading conditions.
Cost and cost concepts (Engineering Economics and Management)Shail Nakum
This document discusses cost concepts and break even analysis. It defines different types of costs such as fixed costs, variable costs, total costs, average costs and marginal costs. It then provides an example break even analysis of GM Motors, noting their total fixed costs, variable costs and average revenue. It summarizes GM's early history and founding, their current revenues, employee numbers and projected break even point. Finally, it outlines some of GM's marketing strategies used to target different customer segments.
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) expands and complements the building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. A Green Building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste, and provides healthier space for occupants as compared to a conventional building. Market estimates suggest that India will be adding 11.5 million homes every year thus, making it the world’s third-largest construction market by 2020. With rapid urbanization and strong economic growth, the construction industry is becoming one of the fastest-growing sectors in India providing employment to nearly 18 million people. This will be beneficial for the people who are really conscious about the environmental impact of the buildings and believe in energy conservation. The economy is the major factor in any type of construction work, especially for residential houses and more specifically when they are situated in the megacity in a developing country like India. There is a need of concentrating on a Green Home, which is one of the most important and one of the discussed topics throughout the globe, in the age of global warming and climate change worldwide. In this situation, some middle way is necessary to be found out, to encourage green construction.
Introduction to civil engineering ktu module 1 - KTU by Anaswara c sAnaswara Here
Introduction to civil engineering module 1 as per kerala technological university (KTU) syllabus 2016. Useful for 1st semester civil engineering students
Green building aims to reduce environmental impact through sustainable and efficient practices across a building's entire lifecycle. It focuses on siting, design, construction, operation, and deconstruction to optimize energy efficiency, water efficiency, materials efficiency, and waste reduction/management. Specifically, it emphasizes the use of high-performance windows and insulation, effective window placement, onsite renewable energy, low-flow fixtures, rapidly renewable and recyclable materials, and converting waste into resources like fertilizer.
This document contains a question bank for the subject Design of Bridges taught in the second semester at Valliammai Engineering College. It includes questions divided into parts A, B and C covering two units - short span bridges and design principles of long span RC bridges. The questions test different cognitive levels ranging from remember to evaluate and cover topics such as types of bridges, loading standards, design of slab bridges, box girder bridges, balanced cantilever bridges, arch bridges and box culverts. Design problems related to the analysis and design of bridges under different loadings are also included.
The document provides information about the distribution franchisee project in Bhiwandi, Maharashtra, India. The key points are:
- Torrent Power was selected as the franchisee to operate the distribution system for 10 years, with the goal of reducing losses and improving efficiencies.
- Under the PPP structure, MSEDCL remains the licensee while Torrent Power takes responsibility for distribution, billing, and network upgrades in the franchise area.
- Since taking over in 2007, Torrent Power has invested over 250 crore to improve the network and services. Initial losses were 58% but have reduced significantly in the past 3 years of operations.
The document announces an invitation for tenders for the new construction of a Primary Health Center Building in A/p. Nirgudsar Tal-Ambegav Dist- Pune with an estimated cost of Rs. 4,64,10,264 and a deadline for bids of December 27, 2016. Contractors registered as Class II or above are eligible to submit online percentage rate tenders along with the specified earnest money and security deposits. The successful bidder must be able to produce a valid contract labor license before starting the 12 month work.
Estimation is the process of calculating the approximate costs of an engineering project before work begins. It requires thorough knowledge of construction procedures, material and labor costs, and skills like experience, judgment, and foresight. There are two main types of estimates - rough cost estimates and detailed estimates. A rough cost estimate provides an initial approximate cost based on unit costs from similar past projects. It is used to assess the feasibility of a project and obtain initial approval. A detailed estimate provides a more accurate expected cost based on detailed plans and specifications by calculating the quantities of materials and hours of labor.
This document discusses structural analysis methods for statically indeterminate structures. It defines key terms like degree of static indeterminacy, internal and external redundancy, and methods for analyzing indeterminate structures. Specific methods discussed include the flexibility matrix method, consistent deformation method, and unit load method. Examples of statically indeterminate beams and frames are also provided.
ABSTRACT
Ferrocement addition in cement mortar or concrete increases the performance of material. The present paper describes the results of testing flat ferrocement panels reinforced with different number of wire mesh layers. The main objective of these experimental tests is to study the effect of using different numbers of wire mesh layers on the flexural strength of flat ferrocement panels and to compare the effect of varying the number of wire mesh layers on the ductility and the ultimate strength of these types of ferrocement structures.
The used number of wire mesh layers is one, two, three and four layers.
The experimental results show that flexural strength of the folded panels increased by 37% and 90% for panels having 2 and 3 wire mesh layers respectively, copared with that having single layer, while for flat panel the increase in flexural strength compared with panel of plan mortar is 4.5%, 65% and 68% for panels having 1, 2 and 3 wire mesh layers respectively. The strength capacity of the folded panels, having the particular geometry used in the present study, is in the order of 3.5 to 5 times that of the corresponding flat panels having the same number of wire mesh layers. Both types are also analyzed using finite element method to check the flexural stresses in these panels under self weight and cracking load.
Keywords: Ferrocement, Flat Panel, Mortar, Wire Mesh.
Design and analasys of a g+3 residential building using staadgopichand's
This document presents a graduation project analyzing and designing a G+3 residential building using STAAD Pro software. The objectives are to carry out analysis and design of structural elements like slabs, columns, and shear walls and get experience with STAAD Pro and AutoCAD. The project building consists of 3 repeated floors in Hyderabad. The document discusses analyzing loads, modeling the building in STAAD Pro, designing columns, beams, slabs, and foundations, and concludes with the advantages and limitations of using structural analysis software.
The presentation discusses integrating plants into skyscrapers to make them more environmentally friendly and sustainable. It covers green roofs, green walls, biofilters, and indoor planting as four options for incorporating greenery. Green roofs can reduce a building's cooling load by 50% and green walls can decrease indoor temperatures by 10 degrees Celsius. Examples of green skyscrapers discussed are a rooftop garden in Chicago and the Vertical Forest project under construction in Milan, Italy. The conclusion notes benefits like decreased urban heat, reduced energy consumption, and improved air quality from integrating plants into skyscrapers.
Estimation involves working out the approximate cost of an engineering project before execution to determine feasibility and ensure adequate financial resources. It requires thorough knowledge of construction procedures, material and labor costs, as well as experience and good judgment. A detailed estimate involves carefully calculating the costs of each work item from detailed drawings after design is finalized to eliminate mistakes from the rough cost estimate. It is submitted for technical approval before tendering.
Composite materials for bridge constructionBalu Balla
Composite materials are the most highly developed application to date is the use of advanced composites in repair of bridge columns and other supporting elements to improve their ductility for seismic resistance. Both epoxy impregnated fiberglass and carbon fiber materials have been tested in the laboratory on half-scale models of bridge columns to determine the ductility that can be achieved in an older, non-ductile concrete column. The tests have confirmed the viability of these materials for strengthening existing structures and field application quality specifications have been developed.
This document discusses the use of construction and demolition waste in building projects. It notes that demolition sites generate large amounts of solid waste that is often dumped, but that recycling building materials is possible. It then outlines what construction and demolition waste consists of, including concrete, brick, timber, sanitary ware, glass, steel and plastics. For each material, it describes how they can be recycled and reused in building applications to reduce costs and environmental impacts. The document concludes by emphasizing the benefits of recycling construction waste and provides initiatives to promote greater reuse.
Unit-1 Lecture-4 - Light Weight Construction Materials by Brig. S.K. SharmaTHE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY
This document discusses different types of fiber reinforced concrete, including slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON) and slurry infiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON). SIFCON involves pre-placing dry fibers in a mold and infiltrating them with cement slurry, allowing for higher fiber volumes between 5-30% compared to 1-2% in traditional fiber reinforced concrete. SIMCON uses continuous fiber mats reinforced with cement slurry. SIMCON provides inherent strength from the fiber mat configuration and utilizes fibers with higher aspect ratios. Both SIFCON and SIMCON improve upon traditional fiber reinforced concrete in improving tensile and impact strengths.
DIY Haunted House Project - University of Houston-DowntownCrystal Guliford
Rationale for project, including benefits to the University:
Rationale: Fundraising is of vital importance to SVO as it enables us to offer UHD student military veterans better opportunities to provide resources, positive college experiences, support, and advocacy needed to succeed in higher education and following graduation.
Benefit to the University: Today's veterans face numerous obstacles in their path of attaining a college degree. These challenges range from a missing sense of camaraderie to feeling like an outsider amongst 18 year old traditional students to a lack of understanding by university faculty. When coupled with the visible and invisible wounds of war, a college degree can be an elusive goal for men and women returning from military service. Student Veterans Organization makes that goal a reality.
SVA is a 501(c)(3) coalition of student veterans groups on college campuses across the globe. These member chapters are the "boots on the ground” that help veterans reintegrate into campus life and succeed academically. Each chapter must be an officially recognized student group by their university or college and provide a peer-to-peer network for veterans who are attending the school. Additionally, chapters often coordinate campus activities, provide pre-professional networking, and generally provide a touchstone for student veterans in higher education. Student Veterans of America is a registered 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization.
A PMIS tool can provide benefits for organizations that utilize remote work programs. Nearly six in ten employers see cost savings from telecommuting. As project teams may be dispersed globally or locally, efficient collaboration technologies are important. However, many project managers still rely on email for document sharing. An organization should assess its current PMIS system and user needs to ensure the proper selection and use of a system that meets the demands of projects, managers, and stakeholders. Web and cloud-based PMIS tools can streamline processes, saving time and increasing accuracy for remote project teams.
The document discusses different methods of designing reinforced concrete elements:
1. Modular ratio (working stress) method, which assumes elastic behavior and uses factors of safety. It was the first accepted method but has limitations.
2. Load factor method, which avoids modular ratio and uses load factors to account for ultimate loads. However, it does not consider serviceability.
3. Limit state method, adopted in modern codes, which considers both ultimate and serviceability limit states using partial safety factors applied to loads and material strengths. It provides a comprehensive solution for safety and serviceability.
1) The document discusses fly ash and fly ash bricks. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants and is commonly used to make fly ash bricks.
2) Fly ash bricks are manufactured by mixing fly ash with water, compressing it, and curing in steam. They have advantages over traditional clay bricks like higher strength and durability.
3) Establishing a fly ash brick production business requires land, machinery, raw materials, and generates employment. The document provides details on setting up and operating a small-scale fly ash brick production business.
This document discusses the derivation and application of three-moment equations for analyzing statically indeterminate continuous beams. The key points are:
1) Three-moment equations relate the bending moments at three successive supports to the applied loads on adjacent spans. They allow continuous beams to be analyzed by treating each span as simply supported with end moments.
2) The equations are derived by writing compatibility equations at each interior support in terms of the left, center, and right bending moments.
3) Examples show how to set up and solve the three-moment equations to determine support reactions and draw shear and moment diagrams for continuous beams with various loading conditions.
Cost and cost concepts (Engineering Economics and Management)Shail Nakum
This document discusses cost concepts and break even analysis. It defines different types of costs such as fixed costs, variable costs, total costs, average costs and marginal costs. It then provides an example break even analysis of GM Motors, noting their total fixed costs, variable costs and average revenue. It summarizes GM's early history and founding, their current revenues, employee numbers and projected break even point. Finally, it outlines some of GM's marketing strategies used to target different customer segments.
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) expands and complements the building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. A Green Building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste, and provides healthier space for occupants as compared to a conventional building. Market estimates suggest that India will be adding 11.5 million homes every year thus, making it the world’s third-largest construction market by 2020. With rapid urbanization and strong economic growth, the construction industry is becoming one of the fastest-growing sectors in India providing employment to nearly 18 million people. This will be beneficial for the people who are really conscious about the environmental impact of the buildings and believe in energy conservation. The economy is the major factor in any type of construction work, especially for residential houses and more specifically when they are situated in the megacity in a developing country like India. There is a need of concentrating on a Green Home, which is one of the most important and one of the discussed topics throughout the globe, in the age of global warming and climate change worldwide. In this situation, some middle way is necessary to be found out, to encourage green construction.
Introduction to civil engineering ktu module 1 - KTU by Anaswara c sAnaswara Here
Introduction to civil engineering module 1 as per kerala technological university (KTU) syllabus 2016. Useful for 1st semester civil engineering students
Green building aims to reduce environmental impact through sustainable and efficient practices across a building's entire lifecycle. It focuses on siting, design, construction, operation, and deconstruction to optimize energy efficiency, water efficiency, materials efficiency, and waste reduction/management. Specifically, it emphasizes the use of high-performance windows and insulation, effective window placement, onsite renewable energy, low-flow fixtures, rapidly renewable and recyclable materials, and converting waste into resources like fertilizer.
This document contains a question bank for the subject Design of Bridges taught in the second semester at Valliammai Engineering College. It includes questions divided into parts A, B and C covering two units - short span bridges and design principles of long span RC bridges. The questions test different cognitive levels ranging from remember to evaluate and cover topics such as types of bridges, loading standards, design of slab bridges, box girder bridges, balanced cantilever bridges, arch bridges and box culverts. Design problems related to the analysis and design of bridges under different loadings are also included.
The document provides information about the distribution franchisee project in Bhiwandi, Maharashtra, India. The key points are:
- Torrent Power was selected as the franchisee to operate the distribution system for 10 years, with the goal of reducing losses and improving efficiencies.
- Under the PPP structure, MSEDCL remains the licensee while Torrent Power takes responsibility for distribution, billing, and network upgrades in the franchise area.
- Since taking over in 2007, Torrent Power has invested over 250 crore to improve the network and services. Initial losses were 58% but have reduced significantly in the past 3 years of operations.
The document announces an invitation for tenders for the new construction of a Primary Health Center Building in A/p. Nirgudsar Tal-Ambegav Dist- Pune with an estimated cost of Rs. 4,64,10,264 and a deadline for bids of December 27, 2016. Contractors registered as Class II or above are eligible to submit online percentage rate tenders along with the specified earnest money and security deposits. The successful bidder must be able to produce a valid contract labor license before starting the 12 month work.
Estimation is the process of calculating the approximate costs of an engineering project before work begins. It requires thorough knowledge of construction procedures, material and labor costs, and skills like experience, judgment, and foresight. There are two main types of estimates - rough cost estimates and detailed estimates. A rough cost estimate provides an initial approximate cost based on unit costs from similar past projects. It is used to assess the feasibility of a project and obtain initial approval. A detailed estimate provides a more accurate expected cost based on detailed plans and specifications by calculating the quantities of materials and hours of labor.
This document discusses structural analysis methods for statically indeterminate structures. It defines key terms like degree of static indeterminacy, internal and external redundancy, and methods for analyzing indeterminate structures. Specific methods discussed include the flexibility matrix method, consistent deformation method, and unit load method. Examples of statically indeterminate beams and frames are also provided.
ABSTRACT
Ferrocement addition in cement mortar or concrete increases the performance of material. The present paper describes the results of testing flat ferrocement panels reinforced with different number of wire mesh layers. The main objective of these experimental tests is to study the effect of using different numbers of wire mesh layers on the flexural strength of flat ferrocement panels and to compare the effect of varying the number of wire mesh layers on the ductility and the ultimate strength of these types of ferrocement structures.
The used number of wire mesh layers is one, two, three and four layers.
The experimental results show that flexural strength of the folded panels increased by 37% and 90% for panels having 2 and 3 wire mesh layers respectively, copared with that having single layer, while for flat panel the increase in flexural strength compared with panel of plan mortar is 4.5%, 65% and 68% for panels having 1, 2 and 3 wire mesh layers respectively. The strength capacity of the folded panels, having the particular geometry used in the present study, is in the order of 3.5 to 5 times that of the corresponding flat panels having the same number of wire mesh layers. Both types are also analyzed using finite element method to check the flexural stresses in these panels under self weight and cracking load.
Keywords: Ferrocement, Flat Panel, Mortar, Wire Mesh.
Design and analasys of a g+3 residential building using staadgopichand's
This document presents a graduation project analyzing and designing a G+3 residential building using STAAD Pro software. The objectives are to carry out analysis and design of structural elements like slabs, columns, and shear walls and get experience with STAAD Pro and AutoCAD. The project building consists of 3 repeated floors in Hyderabad. The document discusses analyzing loads, modeling the building in STAAD Pro, designing columns, beams, slabs, and foundations, and concludes with the advantages and limitations of using structural analysis software.
The presentation discusses integrating plants into skyscrapers to make them more environmentally friendly and sustainable. It covers green roofs, green walls, biofilters, and indoor planting as four options for incorporating greenery. Green roofs can reduce a building's cooling load by 50% and green walls can decrease indoor temperatures by 10 degrees Celsius. Examples of green skyscrapers discussed are a rooftop garden in Chicago and the Vertical Forest project under construction in Milan, Italy. The conclusion notes benefits like decreased urban heat, reduced energy consumption, and improved air quality from integrating plants into skyscrapers.
Estimation involves working out the approximate cost of an engineering project before execution to determine feasibility and ensure adequate financial resources. It requires thorough knowledge of construction procedures, material and labor costs, as well as experience and good judgment. A detailed estimate involves carefully calculating the costs of each work item from detailed drawings after design is finalized to eliminate mistakes from the rough cost estimate. It is submitted for technical approval before tendering.
Composite materials for bridge constructionBalu Balla
Composite materials are the most highly developed application to date is the use of advanced composites in repair of bridge columns and other supporting elements to improve their ductility for seismic resistance. Both epoxy impregnated fiberglass and carbon fiber materials have been tested in the laboratory on half-scale models of bridge columns to determine the ductility that can be achieved in an older, non-ductile concrete column. The tests have confirmed the viability of these materials for strengthening existing structures and field application quality specifications have been developed.
This document discusses the use of construction and demolition waste in building projects. It notes that demolition sites generate large amounts of solid waste that is often dumped, but that recycling building materials is possible. It then outlines what construction and demolition waste consists of, including concrete, brick, timber, sanitary ware, glass, steel and plastics. For each material, it describes how they can be recycled and reused in building applications to reduce costs and environmental impacts. The document concludes by emphasizing the benefits of recycling construction waste and provides initiatives to promote greater reuse.
Unit-1 Lecture-4 - Light Weight Construction Materials by Brig. S.K. SharmaTHE NORTHCAP UNIVERSITY
This document discusses different types of fiber reinforced concrete, including slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON) and slurry infiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON). SIFCON involves pre-placing dry fibers in a mold and infiltrating them with cement slurry, allowing for higher fiber volumes between 5-30% compared to 1-2% in traditional fiber reinforced concrete. SIMCON uses continuous fiber mats reinforced with cement slurry. SIMCON provides inherent strength from the fiber mat configuration and utilizes fibers with higher aspect ratios. Both SIFCON and SIMCON improve upon traditional fiber reinforced concrete in improving tensile and impact strengths.
DIY Haunted House Project - University of Houston-DowntownCrystal Guliford
Rationale for project, including benefits to the University:
Rationale: Fundraising is of vital importance to SVO as it enables us to offer UHD student military veterans better opportunities to provide resources, positive college experiences, support, and advocacy needed to succeed in higher education and following graduation.
Benefit to the University: Today's veterans face numerous obstacles in their path of attaining a college degree. These challenges range from a missing sense of camaraderie to feeling like an outsider amongst 18 year old traditional students to a lack of understanding by university faculty. When coupled with the visible and invisible wounds of war, a college degree can be an elusive goal for men and women returning from military service. Student Veterans Organization makes that goal a reality.
SVA is a 501(c)(3) coalition of student veterans groups on college campuses across the globe. These member chapters are the "boots on the ground” that help veterans reintegrate into campus life and succeed academically. Each chapter must be an officially recognized student group by their university or college and provide a peer-to-peer network for veterans who are attending the school. Additionally, chapters often coordinate campus activities, provide pre-professional networking, and generally provide a touchstone for student veterans in higher education. Student Veterans of America is a registered 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization.
A PMIS tool can provide benefits for organizations that utilize remote work programs. Nearly six in ten employers see cost savings from telecommuting. As project teams may be dispersed globally or locally, efficient collaboration technologies are important. However, many project managers still rely on email for document sharing. An organization should assess its current PMIS system and user needs to ensure the proper selection and use of a system that meets the demands of projects, managers, and stakeholders. Web and cloud-based PMIS tools can streamline processes, saving time and increasing accuracy for remote project teams.
Section 1a d lessons learned_guliford as of 21_apr15Crystal Guliford
Hypothetical Risk Management Plan for a fictitious cleaning company: "The purpose of this risk management plan is to allow Coco Maids® to identify and record potential risks. The
plan also outlines mitigation strategies to be developed and tracked. The document should be updated quarterly, or whenever is necessary, e.g. following an incident of significant impact on Coco Maid’s® day to day operations."
Military Archives & Preservation: 15th Brigade Support Battalion Crystal Guliford
The 15th Brigade Support Battalion is digitizing over 700 photos, documents, and awards from its history to publish online and preserve in archives. The materials are being organized chronologically to recreate the original book and a paper format history book is being drafted. The digitized materials will be shared with associations and researchers.
Bibliographic Pathfinder: Marital Status in The WorkplaceCrystal Guliford
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Introduction
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3. Container Housing Project
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UTöVA Research & PM – cguliford@utova.org 832.301.2194
Project Planning: SAMPLE WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
The planning flow chart below provides an overview of the project’s planning methodology and
development implementation strategy.
6. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
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5.7 Legal ..........................................................................................................................................................17
5.8 Milestones..................................................................................................................................................18
5.9 Exit Strategy...............................................................................................................................................18
6.0 Organization and Management...................................................................................... 18
6.1 Organizational Structure ............................................................................................................................18
6.2 Management Team.....................................................................................................................................18
6.3 Management Team Gaps............................................................................................................................19
6.4 Personnel Plan............................................................................................................................................19
6.5 Board of Directors......................................................................................................................................19
7.0 Financial Plan................................................................................................................... 19
7.1 Important Assumptions ..............................................................................................................................20
7.2 Start-Up Costs............................................................................................................................................21
7.3 Source and Use of Funds............................................................................................................................22
7.4 Break-Even Analysis..................................................................................................................................23
7.5 Projections..................................................................................................................................................23
7.5.1 Projected Profit and Loss.......................................................................................................................23
7.5.2 Projected Cash Flow..............................................................................................................................25
7.5.3 Projected Balance Sheet.........................................................................................................................26
7.6 Business Ratios ..........................................................................................................................................27
7. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
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1.0 Executive Summary
Powell Real Estate Ventures (“REV”) is a newly formed S-Corporation wholly owned by
Christopher Powell for purposes of constructing and owing income producing real estate. REV
fills the void in the local Prairie View rental housing market by providing clean, well cared for
rental homes to low income tenants. Neither the homes nor the tenants are chosen on a hasty
basis, but rather on purposeful, planned and methodical basis. The property selection process is
rigorous and based on long term investment standards and tenants are personally evaluated by
the owners. REV believes the key to successful property management is to be committed for the
long term in both the property and tenant selection process.
The owners of REV are lifelong residents of the thriving _______________ a suburb of
Texas. Christopher Powell, an entrepreneur has started his own company and has access to
additional sources of revenue to supplement expenses associated with the investment property.
In addition to his outside revenue, Mr. Powell__________
REV is purchasing their first investment property, a well maintained single family home located
in the highly sought after Red Mill Estates subdivision. REV has a contract on the house and the
sales price is $107,500. The property is in need of some repair and maintenance (primarily
cosmetic). REV will contract the work to a well known contractor that is personally known by
REV for 15years. Steve Rogers will paint the property. It is estimated the repairs will take one
month to complete at a cost of approximately $10,000.
A tenant, known by the owners with excellent credit and references, has been located and is
ready take occupancy the following month. She has provided a security deposit.
The owners of REV are requesting a $53,750 commercial real estate loan to purchase the
investment property. The credit facility will be based on 15 year amortization and have a loan to
value ratio of 50%. The following business plan will provide a history of REV, its current and
future plans, and its ability to repay this financial obligation.
1.1 Business Objectives
• Invest in quality well cared for properties that are priced within the local market range
• Locate only well qualified tenants, desiring to lease long term
• Generate passive income
1.2 Mission Statement
REV’s goal is to invest in quality – both in its properties and in its tenants. One of the
largest mistakes made by new real estate investors is in poor property selection. Even
worse is their tenant selection process, often with little or no background and credit
checks. At REV, the owners are extremely devoted to their business and their
SAMPLE
8. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
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commitment to the long term can be seen in their extreme dedication to both their
properties and their meticulous selection process of finding long term tenants.
1.3 Guiding Principles
REV holds the following as its Guiding Principles
1. Treat the investment as a business first and foremost.
Many real estate owners will fail to take their investment seriously and keep sloppy or
minimal business records. Over time this lack of discipline can permeate into other
aspects of the business resulting in a downward slide of the business.
2. Selective in tenant process
Instead of accepting the first person in the door to accept the lease, REV will
personally meet with each applicant for a personal interview. REV is seeking a long
term lease with quality tenants. All applicants will be required to pass the credit and
background check as well as provide the applicable deposits. References are a must
and will always be verified.
3. Provide exemplary service to tenants
The goal of REV is to achieve long term occupancy levels. If the tenant has a broken
A/C unit, then, they’ll fix it – that same day! Period! The property will be clean, well
maintained and professionally managed.
1.4 Keys to Success
REV is fully committed to make its rental property business a long term success with
future plans for expansion. It is this dedication and drive which will set them apart from
their local peers. The following are what REV believes are its keys to success:
• Property management - The owners of REV will personally manage the rental
property and not rely on an outside management team. This way, all repairs can be
addressed immediately, rents will be collected in a timely manner and the accounting
ledger will be kept current and up to date.
• Invest in only sustainable, high quality investments - REV is not interested in
‘flipping’ properties. Prior to making any purchases, the properties are fully
evaluated to determine positive cash flow and long term sustainability.
2.0 Company Description
Real Estate Ventures, (“REV”), is a newly formed S-Corporation formed for purposes of
managing the underlying real estate located in Franklin, Tennessee, a principal city in the
Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area (“MSA”). REV is jointly owned by Steve and Linda
Rogers, husband and wife.
2.1 Ownership
Steve and Linda Rogers are lifelong residents of Franklin, Tennessee. Steve has an
established business and has owned his paint business known as ProStar Paint for 15+
years. Linda Rogers, a graduate of Middle Tennessee State University, is a math teacher at
Franklin Elementary School.
9. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
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2.2 Legal Form
Real Estate Ventures is an S-Corporation.
2.3 Start-Up Summary
Steve and Linda Rogers, the owners of REV have been interested in finding a means to
supplement their income. When Linda’s mother passed away earlier this year, the couple
received approximately $100,000 in inheritance and they decided to use this windfall to
purchase and manage investment income properties. Together they attended several
continuing education classes at their local community college and decided upon the subject
property for their first purchase. The 1,356 SF house is located in the Red Mill Estates
neighborhood. The house is in need of some cosmetic updates to bring the property to
current rental market standards and is primarily comprised of new carpet, paint, and
laminate tile.
The couple plans to subcontract the project and have build-out and completion within 30
days and the tenant taking occupancy thereafter.
Below is a detailed summary of the Construction Budget:
Steve Rogers personally knows the contractor, Ben Nelson, of Ben Nelson Construction,
and has painted many houses for the contractor over the past 15 years. Mr. Nelson has
approved the budget and believes that barring weather conditions, the project should be
completed on schedule with minimal cost overruns. The contractor is reputable and is well
known in the community for its integrity, finishing projects on time, and its quality of
workmanship. Steve will do the painting himself. The estimated time to complete the
renovation and rehabilitation is one month.
10. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
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REV has located an approved tenant for the property as well. A teacher and acquaintance
at Linda’s school has requested to occupy the unit. The single mother of two recently
divorced and is currently living with a relative. The house is a wonderful opportunity for
the teacher to launch a fresh start and the location is 5 minutes to the school where she
teaches with Linda. The tenant has passed the credit and rigorous background checks and
her references have all checked out. REV is holding her security deposit.
2.4 Location and Facilities
REV extensively researched the local market and found it met their key criterion. The Red
Mill Estates neighborhood has lush landscaping, larger than average lots and is primarily
owner occupied. The surrounding neighborhoods are middle class suburbs with five
grocery stores within a 5 mile radius, various restaurants, and shopping malls 3 miles away
near the easily accessible I-65. The property is located in the Franklin City Elementary
School District.
The property is clean and well maintained by the original owner. Updates to the property
will primarily be cosmetic to bring the property to current market standards.
3.0 Products
3.1 Products/Services Descriptions
REV provides clean, quality homes in growing markets to well qualified tenants.
The primary source of revenue is rental income. Supplemental income will include:
Forfeited Deposits
Bounced Check fees (NSF)
Late charges
Damage and Cleaning Charges
Application fees
Pet Charges
Lease Termination charges
3.2 Competitive Comparison
There are seven rental income properties within a 1 mile radius of the subject along with
several multifamily apartment units. For comparison purposes, the multifamily units have
been excluded from this comparison. Rents per square foot range from a high of $1.11 to a
low of $0.83 per square foot (“PSF”). The average market rent PSF in the Franklin market
is $1.01. The subject rent PSF is $0.98 and compares favorably with the market.
11. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
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Following is a table outlining the local comparables:
3.3 Product/Service Sourcing
N/A
3.4 Inventory Management
N/A
3.5 Warehousing and Fulfillment
N/A
3.6 Future Products/Services
REV has near term plans to purchase additional quality income producing properties
sufficient to generate, passive income streams.
4.0 Market Analysis
Franklin, Tennessee, located in Williamson County, is a Principal City in the in the Nashville
Metropolitan Statistical Area (“MSA”) and is ranked 31 in the United States. According to the
University Of Tennessee’s 2012 Economic Outlook, Williamson County is one of the fastest
growing counties in the state, expanding by 44.7% over the prior year.
12. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
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Health Spring, Community Health Systems, Healthways, Home Instead Senior Care,
MedSolutions Inc, Magazines.com, the Provident Music Group, Renal Advantage Inc, World
Christian Broadcasting and Nissan's North American headquarters are based in Franklin.
There are over 1,600 businesses in the surrounding 3 mile radius of the subject. The majority of
the local businesses are in the service category and comprise 40.1% of the local employment
base followed by 20.8% in the retail trade.
Franklin vacancy levels were reported to be 6% compared to the industry average of 7.9%.
SOURCE: Trulia, Bureau of Labor Statistics
4.1 Industry Analysis
The housing market recovery has remained true to the old real estate axiom of “location,
location, location.” How your local market is faring today – and if it makes more sense to
buy or rent, to sell now or to hold off if possible – is largely determined by unique, local
factors and fundamentals. Timely and comprehensive local market information will be
even more important in 2013 as buyers continue to seek bargains and sellers look to
maximize returns. Source: Zillow Research
4.1.1 Market Size
A recent survey of Franklin, Tennessee revealed there are currently 67 single family
residences available for rent. The average monthly rental charge ranges from
$2,202 monthly to $1,058 monthly. The middle tier monthly rent is $1,283 or
$1,031,532 annualized.
REV’s portion of the $1 million market represents 1.51% of market share.
13. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
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4.1.2 Industry Participants
The primary participants in the rental real estate market are other single family
residences and apartments. However, other indirect competitors include: condos,
mobile homes, trailers, garage apartments and duplexes. Sellers of homes that offer
rent to own options pose yet another form of competition.
4.1.3 Main Competitors
Within a one mile radius of the subject are 10 apartment complexes and 7 single
family residences available for rent. For comparison, this analysis will focus only
on the single family residences available for rent.
1101 Gown Blvd
2 BDR / 2 BA
$1,200 month / 1,107 SF
This property competes closely with the subject. However, the subject is superior
with its extra square footage and additional bedroom.
1102 Gown Blvd
3 BDR / 2 BA
$1,350 month / 1,445 SF
This property is most comparable to the subject. Comparable Number Two has 119
additional square feet are and is $0.05 lower in monthly rent.
700 Fountain Blvd
3 BDR / 2 BA
$2,595 month / 2,328 SF
This property has the largest square footage of the comparables and is located on
acreage. It is also the demanding the highest monthly rental charge. Based on these
factors Comparable Number 3 is an indirect competitor.
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3104 Travis Road
3 BDR / 2 BA
$1,995 month / 2,083 SF
This property competes directly with the subject. With an additional 757 square
feet, this property is priced $0.02 PSF below the subject and could appeal to the
value renter. The downside to this property is its inferior location – which is across
the street from a landfill. The property has been vacant for four months and it is
rumored the owner will be dropping the asking rental price.
308 Hardy Street
3 BDR / 2 BA
$1,125 month / 1,200 SF
Comparable Number 5 is slightly older and smaller the subject. Built in 1980, the
property is 126 feet smaller than the subject. The property is clean and well
maintained and is considered a direct competitor with the subject.
1200 Main Street
4 BDR / 3 BA
$1,800 month / 1,700 SF
This property is larger than the subject by over 300 feet. Asking rent is higher than
the subject as well and higher than the $1,100-$1,400 range REV is hoping to
attract. This property has an additional bedroom. Based on these factors;
Comparable Number 6 is considered an indirect competitor.
3225 Bolen Drive
3 BDR / 3 BA
$1,750 month / 2,100 SF
Comparable Number 7, like Comps 3 and 4 is substantially larger than the subject.
The asking monthly rent of $1,750 is also above the range REV is targeting. The
property has exceptional value with rents per square foot the lowest in the market at
$0.83 and will appeal to the value renter. The property is clean and well maintained.
Based on its larger square footage and higher asking monthly rent, Comparable
Number 7 represents an indirect competitor.
4.1.4 Market Segments
The 1 mile radius surrounding the subject had a population of 7,199 at the 2010
Census and is expected to grow to 7,363 by the Year 2017. The majority of the
homes are owner occupied with 1,950 housing units and a reported 793 renter
occupied units from the 2010 Census. Rental units are expected to grow to 854 by
the Year 2017. The median age at 2010 was 34. Source:
BUSINESSDECISION.INFO
15. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
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Residents within a 1 mile radius of the subject are comprised primarily of two
market segment groups: In Style represents 52.7% of the market share and
Crossroads with 35.4% of the market or 88.1% cumulative market. The In Style
market is comprised primarily of residents that live in the suburbs but prefer the city
lifestyle. These residents prefer townhomes to traditional single family homes and
have a median household income of $182,665. REV is targeting the latter group,
Crossroads, as their primary target customer. Following is a brief summary of their
target occupant:
Crossroads neighborhoods are growing communities in small towns. Married
couples with and without children and single parents are the primary household
types in these areas. They have a median age of 32.2 years. This population is
growing at 1.6% annually faster than the US population. The median household
income is $43,799. Children are the focus of their lives. They drive domestic cars
and trucks and handle the maintenance themselves.
Source: ESRI.COM/Tapestry
4.2 Market Tests
Prior to selecting the rental unit, REV placed an advertisement for rent with the online
classifieds at Linda’s place of employment, Franklin Elementary. The response was
overwhelming! REV had 14 candidates to choose from! The majority of these applicants
were fellow teachers or friends of teachers. All applicants were families, both single
income and dual income. REV had to inform the turned down applicants that the property
was already leased.
Based on this market ‘test’ REV decided to put the “pedal to the metal” and make an offer
on the property.
4.3 Target Market Segment Strategy
REV is targeting families with children – single family households or dual income
households. The target tenant is young, under the age of 35 and is likely to have some
additional financial obligations, such as student loan debt and car note debt that they want
to pay off prior to considering home ownership. Many of the new teachers at Linda’s
16. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
13
school fit the target profile and REV will continue to pursue this target group as tenants.
The target rent is the $1,100-$1,400 range.
4.3.1 Market Needs
Given the option of raising a family in a traditional single family home compared to
an apartment complex, REV’s target tenant prefers the former. The Red Mill Estates
neighborhood and surrounding neighborhoods are growing residential
neighborhoods making the location ideal for REV’s tenants. With limited direct
comparables, the demand for single family residences available for rental is high in
this market.
4.3.2 Market Trends
• Homeownership make financial sense when the occupant is planning on staying
5+ years and has the cash flow cover the normal repair and maintenance costs.
And as we leave the recession behind us over time tenants may vacate to pursue
homeownership.
• Renting still makes financial sense for REV’s targeted tenant who does not want
the additional cost/time burden of property maintenance.
4.3.3 Market Growth
The local single family rental home market increased 1.4% over the prior year.
Source: Zillow Rent Index
4.4 Positioning
REV will position itself as the rental property of choice when it comes to quality properties
in solid neighborhoods, by actively staying current on local market conditions.
5.0 Marketing Strategy and Implementation
REV will own, operate, and lease clean, well maintained single family residences to well
qualified tenants. Others often miss the mark by investing in low quality properties which will
not provide sufficient ROI (return on investment). Additionally other landlords often fall short
in responding to tenants needs for repairs. When a tenant calls requesting repairs to say a leaky
faucet, REV will have a repairman on premises that same day and more than likely one of the
owners will personally make the repair. What will set REV apart from other property managers
will be its unique ability to bring quality properties and tenants together. The following sections
address the various tactics that will contribute to this effort.
5.1 SWOT Analysis
SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A SWOT analysis is a
method for strategic planning that evaluates these four elements as they relate to REV’s
business objectives. The following section helps demonstrate REV’s marketing strategy:
17. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
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5.1.1 Strengths
• The rental property is well located in a growing neighborhood with easy
access to neighborhood schools, shopping and restaurants. Located less than
5 minutes from I-65, the commute to Nashville is less than 20 minutes.
• REV has an approved tenant in place with a security deposit. The tenant has
excellent credit and payment history. The tenant is known by REV and
works as a teacher at the same school as Linda Rogers.
• Upgrades to the property will be made by a reputable contractor with a 15
year history with the owners of REV. The owners of REV will paint the
property themselves which will further reduce expenses.
• REV will come out of pocket in excess of $67,000 toward the house purchase
and capital improvements resulting a low, loan to value (LTV) ratio of 50%.
• The owners of REV have ‘day jobs’ and thus have additional income sources
and savings to draw from to support business operations.
5.1.2 Weaknesses
• New entrants into real estate property management, REV has limited
experience owning and managing investment income properties.
5.1.3 Opportunities
• Franklin has low vacancy levels at 6% compared to the national average of
7.9%.
• The property is located in a strong growing community and the fastest
growing county in the state.
• REV has an opportunity to participate in a $1 million local real estate rental
market.
5.1.4 Threats
• Investment real estate is economically tied – changes in unemployment, rent
spikes and changes in the economy could adversely impact demand for rental
units.
• Declination in the local neighborhood could impact attractiveness of rents
• Cost overruns in the construction budget and failure to complete upgrades in
time could impact REV’s cash flow.
5.2 Strategy Pyramid
REV will only lease solid, clean, well maintained investment properties that generate
positive cash flow.
In order to meet these objectives, REV will not make the mistakes many new landlords
make and perform thorough due diligence prior to purchasing any property; All
perspective properties must meet the following requirements:
18. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
15
• Property must be clean and well maintained
• Property must be a growing community with low vacancy rates
• Rents will be priced within market range – typically between the $1,100-$1,400
range
• Property must generate positive passive income
• All tenants will be required to: Pass background and credit checks; Provide
verifiable references
• Provide non-refundable application fee to cover the costs associated with these
checks.
• All tenants will be required to provide a security deposit.
• Tenants will be required to make payments via EFT which will further ensure
payments will be made as agreed and on time.
REV will strive to be a superlative landlord as well – by responding within one hour to any
tenant issues regarding repairs and maintenance during normal business hours of
operation. Weekend and evening calls will be answered the following business day unless
it is a life threatening emergency (such as the smell of gas, water main breaks) in which
case the owners will be paged immediately and an emergency response service will be
sent.
On a monthly basis, REV will change and replace air filters and monitor smoke and radon
detectors.
5.3 Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
The owners of REV love what they do! And it shows in from the quality of the properties
they invest in to the caliber of tenants they lease to. They thoroughly review the property
and analyze the real estate market. REV will continually monitor and evaluate the local
market trends. They are in this for the long term!
5.4 Competitive Edge
REV utilizes a thorough due diligence process prior to purchasing and investing in any
property. By doing their homework, REV can competitively price their rents – often at or
below market. Thoroughly knowing their market gives REV the competitive edge over
their competitors. Further, Steve’s background in painting and his extensive connections
in the construction field in the local Franklin market, gives REV the competitive edge
when in it comes to knowing the quality and caliber of the local contractors. Many
competitors will fall short and subcontract often to the lowest bidder with unknown track
records. If a major tenant repair is required, REV will be prepared and have the ability to
select the best contractor at a fair price. This in turn will keep expenses down and profit
margins and return on investment on target.
19. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
16
5.5 Marketing Strategy and Positioning
REV’s marketing strategy incorporates a Focus Strategy – that is, it targets a specific
target market. REV concentrates their marketing efforts on attracting solid, credit worthy
tenants that are motivated to live in growing, thriving comminutes.
5.5.1 Positioning Statement
REV is a high quality real estate investment corporation. REV carefully and
methodically selects its rental properties in growing neighborhoods, with low
vacancy rates. The properties are clean, well maintained and provide positive cash
flow. In keeping with their its high quality standards, REV’s tenants, reflect these
attributes as well and have exceptional credit scores, timely rental payment history
and a strong desire to live long term with their families in a solid community. REV
is committed to their properties for the long term – they do not foster a “here today
gone tomorrow” mentality. Above all REV’s owners love what they do and are
committed to the company for the long term.
5.5.2 Pricing Strategy
REV utilizes Competition Based Pricing – in which prices are based on the market.
The company’s thorough due diligence process assures that they never buy the
highest priced property or the lowest priced for that matter.
5.5.3 Promotion and Advertising Strategy
REV will primarily rely on advertising in the Franklin Elementary School Online
Classified Ads and Word of Mouth advertising.
As properties become available, REV will post signage in front of the property. As a
last resort, REV will post classified ads with the local newspaper and Craigslist.
5.5.4 Website
REV’s website features properties available to rent, the business phone number to
contact for information regarding renting or who to contact for repairs. Additionally
the website will have links to complete an online application and links to key articles
for tenants such as the importance of obtaining sufficient renters insurance for
example.
In the event that a property is available, the site will feature photos of the property
along with detailed description of the property, amenities, details of the surrounding
neighborhood and any concessions that are currently available.
5.5.5 Marketing Programs
REV is uniquely sized to both personally own and manage its investment properties.
Through their extensive contacts in the Franklin area, REV hopes to rely on Word of
Mouth advertising and not be forced to allocate a large portion of their budget to
advertising costs. However, in the event that a property remains vacant for 30+
20. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
17
days, REV has a policy in place to purchase classified advertising space in both the
local newspaper and on Craigslist.
5.6 Sales Strategy
REV will meet with prospects right on site. The prospects will be greeted and treated with
the utmost professionalism in a relaxed and respectful environment. The first meeting is
an opportunity for the owners of REV to decide on leasing to the prospective tenant. If the
prospect seems disagreeable, unpleasant or makes unrealistic requests, REV will not lease
the property. If however the prospect is professional, and has reasonable requests, then this
meeting will be considered along with the credit report and background check in making a
decision to lease.
5.6.1 Sales Forecast
The following table represents the estimated sales from the rental unit the initial
three years of operations. The analysis assumes 100% leased and no escalations in
rent the initial two years.
Table 5.6.1 Annual Sales Forecast
5.6.2 Sales Programs
The owners of REV personally lease their properties and do not need to pay
incentives to sales agents. However, just like sales agents, the owners of REV are
motivated to lease properties quickly- after all vacant properties do not generate
revenue! Although the owners of REV are motivated to get tenants in quickly they
will not ‘rush’ at the expense of sacrificing quality. If REV is unable to find a
perspective tenant in a reasonable amount of time (approximately 30 days) then the
cost of doing business are the advertising costs associated with placing classified ads
with the local newspaper and Craigslist.
5.7 Legal
Clean title and zoning, will be instrumental in purchasing investment real estate. The title
search and tax record search must confirm this prior to REV purchasing any property. The
title search must be free of liens.
All maintenance and repairs will be performed by bonded and licensed contractors that are
in good standing with the state.
21. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
18
5.8 Milestones
Following are the Milestones REV believes will allow them to meet their objectives.
Table 5.8 Milestones
5.9 Exit Strategy
In the event the rental unit remains vacant for an extended period of time or in the event
that extreme repairs and depletes all cash reserves, the secondary recourse will be to the
owners. After the owners have depleted their personal reserves, the property will be sold.
Proceeds will be used to satisfy obligations to creditors and any surplus will be returned to
the owners.
6.0 Organization and Management
The following section highlights ownership and future staffing expectations of REV:
6.1 Organizational Structure
Both Linda and Steve Rogers will own and manage the subject real estate. Steve Rogers
will perform routine maintenance requirements and repairs. Linda Rogers will manage the
daily bookkeeping requirements. She will submit payments to vendors such as trash
service and recycling service, and forward the required information to REV’s certified
public accountant for preparation of the annual income taxes.
6.2 Management Team
Steve Rogers will oversee the day to day maintenance of the rental unit. On a monthly
basis he will replace air filters, inspect the grounds, and make notations of the overall
physical condition of the property. The tenant will be put on notice for example if the yard
needs to be mowed or weeds appear to be an issue. The tenant will have sufficient time to
remedy the notice and will be fined daily until the issue has been resolved.
Steve has successfully owned and operated his painting business for 15+ years and is in the
neighborhood on a daily basis. He will drive by the property frequently for visual
inspections of the property. He is readily available in the event the tenant has any repair
needs.
22. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
19
Linda Rogers will oversee the day to day bookkeeping needs for the rental property.
All tenants will be required to agree to EFT (electronic funds transfer) for monthly
payments – which should minimize the need to collect rents.
6.3 Management Team Gaps
REV does not have an accountant or attorney on its staff. Income tax preparation and
consulting services will be provided by the owner’s long term personal public accountant.
REV will rely on their title company to verify clear title.
6.4 Personnel Plan
Steve and Linda Rogers will own and operate REV but draw no salary; both owners have
outside incomes and will not draw salaries from the properties.
Table 6.4 Personnel Plan
Steve and Linda Rogers, owners and operators
6.5 Board of Directors
N/A
7.0 Financial Plan
The following financial plan covers the following:
• Required Cost of Start-Up
• Profit and Loss
• Cash Flow
• Balance Sheet
• Financial Ratios
23. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
20
7.1 Important Assumptions
Construction Budget
REV estimates a 1 month completion. Work will be performed by a contractor that is well
known by the owners. The contractor is bonded, licensed and in good standing with the
state.
Source of Funds
The owners of REV received approximately $100,000 in inheritance and have access to
liquidity to fund start up costs and meet operating shortfalls. However, they plan to invest
a portion of these proceeds into additional rental income properties. Additional source of
funds comes from both owners 'day jobs' - Steve Rogers owns his own house painting
business and Linda Rogers is a math teacher at Franklin Elementary
Profit and Loss
Vacancy levels in Franklin are a low 6% and is substantially lower than the national
average of 7.9%. The analysis assumes 100% occupancy over the 3 years reviewed.
24. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
21
7.2 Start-Up Costs
The following table represents start up costs.
Table 7.2 Start-Up Costs
25. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
22
7.3 Source and Use of Funds
The owners of REV received approximately $100,000 in inheritance and have access to
liquidity to fund start up costs and meet operating shortfalls. However, they plan to invest
a portion of these proceeds into additional rental income properties. Additional source of
funds comes from both owners 'day jobs' - Steve Rogers owns his own house painting
business and Linda Rogers is an elementary school math teacher at Franklin Elementary.
The following table shows the proposed Source and Use of Funds:
26. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
23
7.4 Break-Even Analysis
The rental income property is expected to generate $1,300 in monthly rent or $15,600
annually. Break even rents required are $14,020 or approximately 10.78 months of
revenue. The following chart depicts break-even analysis:
.
7.5 Projections
7.5.1 Projected Profit and Loss
The proforma profit and loss is based on the initial 3 years associated with the subject
property.
28. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
25
7.5.2 Projected Cash Flow
The statement of cash flow shows the incoming and outgoing cash of the business.
Table 7.5.2 Pro Forma Cash Flow
29. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
26
7.5.3 Projected Balance Sheet
Table 7.5.3 Pro Forma Balance Sheet
30. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
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7.6 Business Ratios
The business ratios are based on NAICS code 531110. The ratios demonstrate that REV is
well capitalized, has a low leverage position and has good liquidity. REV compares more
favorably to its industry peers primarily due to the owner’s injection in equity.
Table 7.6 Ratio Analysis
31. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
12
Residents within a 1 mile radius of the subject are comprised primarily of two
market segment groups: In Style represents 52.7% of the market share and
Crossroads with 35.4% of the market or 88.1% cumulative market. The In Style
market is comprised primarily of residents that live in the suburbs but prefer the city
lifestyle. These residents prefer townhomes to traditional single family homes and
have a median household income of $182,665. REV is targeting the latter group,
Crossroads, as their primary target customer. Following is a brief summary of their
target occupant:
Crossroads neighborhoods are growing communities in small towns. Married
couples with and without children and single parents are the primary household
types in these areas. They have a median age of 32.2 years. This population is
growing at 1.6% annually faster than the US population. The median household
income is $43,799. Children are the focus of their lives. They drive domestic cars
and trucks and handle the maintenance themselves.
Source: ESRI.COM/Tapestry
4.2 Market Tests
Prior to selecting the rental unit, REV placed an advertisement for rent with the online
classifieds at Linda’s place of employment, Franklin Elementary. The response was
overwhelming! REV had 14 candidates to choose from! The majority of these applicants
were fellow teachers or friends of teachers. All applicants were families, both single
income and dual income. REV had to inform the turned down applicants that the property
was already leased.
Based on this market ‘test’ REV decided to put the “pedal to the metal” and make an offer
on the property.
4.3 Target Market Segment Strategy
REV is targeting families with children – single family households or dual income
households. The target tenant is young, under the age of 35 and is likely to have some
additional financial obligations, such as student loan debt and car note debt that they want
to pay off prior to considering home ownership. Many of the new teachers at Linda’s
32. Sample Rental Property Business Plan
20
7.1 Important Assumptions
Construction Budget
REV estimates a 1 month completion. Work will be performed by a contractor that is well
known by the owners. The contractor is bonded, licensed and in good standing with the
state.
Source of Funds
The owners of REV received approximately $100,000 in inheritance and have access to
liquidity to fund start up costs and meet operating shortfalls. However, they plan to invest
a portion of these proceeds into additional rental income properties. Additional source of
funds comes from both owners 'day jobs' - Steve Rogers owns his own house painting
business and Linda Rogers is a math teacher at Franklin Elementary
Profit and Loss
Vacancy levels in Franklin are a low 6% and is substantially lower than the national
average of 7.9%. The analysis assumes 100% occupancy over the 3 years reviewed.
33. POWELL: CONTAINERIZED HOUSING UNIT
UNIT DETAILS
• Rooms : 2
• Beds : 4 (2 per room)
• Lockers : 4
• Desks : 2
• Weight : 8,000 lbs.
• Footprint : 8’x20’
• Power : 50A 220V Plug
• HVAC : 2 Independently Controlled 3/4-Ton units
• ISO 9001:2008 Certified
34. Container City II (Figure 3), as an extension of Container City I, was a
5-storey building housing 22 studio units and was completed on 2002.
It is connected to Container City I via walkways and is fully equipped
with an elevator and full disabled access.
Figure 3. Container City II
The Riverside Building (Figure 4), overlooking the Thames and near
the Container City, houses 22 offices. It is made up of 73 recycled
shipping containers and took 8 days to construct.
Figure 4. Riverside Building
Figure 5. Cove Park Artist’s Retreat
35. Container Housing Project
7
UTöVA Research & PM – cguliford@utova.org 832.301.2194
The Corten steel corrugated exterior shell provides texture and depth while the
contemporary elements transform typically stigmatized non-market housing from
benign and dull into exuberant and dynamic.
Old-growth fir, salvaged from
the original heritage house
located on the site, and clear
cedar were used to accent
exterior doorways and principal
elevations to soften the
industrial containerized form,
as well as to pay homage to
the heritage of the area, once
abuzz with saw mills and
logging yards synonymous
with the early industrialized and
urban development of
Vancouver.
36. Figure 11. Plan of 24 sqm NHA MRH unit Figure 12. Equivalent Container Unit
Following the unit
layout of the
conventional MRH unit,
the conceptual unit may
have the layout shown
on Figure 13. The
balcony, instead of
being incorporated to
the unit as was done in
the conventional MRH
unit, was segregated as
an extension of the unit
in this instance to
minimize the cutting of
the container shell for
structural and
economical reasons.
This balcony may be
welded to the unit,
similar to what was
done in the student
housing project in
Keetwonen, Amsterdam.
Figure 13. Equivalent Container Unit Plan
Following the layout of the conventional MRH wherein one stairway
caters to a group of 6 units per floor (Figure 14), the conceptual
container MRH may have the layout shown on Figure 15.
38. Task Name Duration Resource Names
Commercial Construction 344 days
General Conditions 17 days
Receive notice to proceed and sign
contract 3 days G.C. General Management
Submit bond and insurance documents 2 days G.C. Project Management,G.C. General Management[25%]
Prepare and submit project schedule 2 days G.C. Project Management[25%],G.C. Scheduler
Prepare and submit schedule of values 2 days G.C. General Management[10%],G.C. Project Management
Obtain building permits 4 days G.C. Project Management[50%],G.C. Procurement[50%]
Submit preliminary shop drawings 2 wks G.C. Project Management[50%],G.C. Procurement[50%]
Submit monthly requests for payment 1 day
Long Lead Procurement 70 days
Submit shop drawings and order long lead
items - steel 2 wks Steel Erection Contractor Management
Submit shop drawings and order long lead
items - roofing 2 wks Roofing Contractor Management
Submit shop drawings and order long lead
items - elevator 2 wks Elevator Contractor Management
Submit shop drawings and order long lead
items - plumbing 2 wks Plumbing Contractor Management
Submit shop drawings and order long lead
items - electric 2 wks Electric Contractor Management
Submit shop drawings and order long lead
items - HVAC 2 wks HVAC Contractor Management
Detail, fabricate and deliver steel 12 wks
Steel Erection Contractor Management[50%],Steel Erection
Contractor[50%]
Mobilize on Site 10 days
Install temporary power 2 days Electric Contractor
Install temporary water service 2 days Plumbing Contractor
Set up site office 3 days G.C. Superintendent,G.C. Labor Crew[10%]
Set line and grade benchmarks 3 days G.C. Survey Crew
Prepare site - lay down yard and
temporary fencing 2 days Site Grading Contractor,G.C. Labor Crew[10%]
Site Grading and Utilities 35 days
Clear and grub site 3 days Site Grading Contractor
Stone site access and temporary parking
area 2 days Site Grading Contractor
Rough grade site (cut and fill) 1 wk Site Grading Contractor
Install storm drainage 2 wks Site Grading Contractor
Install exterior fire line and building fire
riser 2 wks Plumbing Contractor
Perform final site grading 2 wks Site Grading Contractor
Erect building batter boards and layout
building 1 wk G.C. Survey Crew
Foundations 33 days
Excavate foundations 2 wks Site Grading Contractor[50%]
Excavate elevator pit 2 days Site Grading Contractor
39. Form column piers and spread
foundations 4 days G.C. Rough Carpenter Crew
Rough-in electric and plumbing in elevator 4 days Plumbing Contractor,Electric Contractor
Form elevator pit walls 4 days G.C. Rough Carpenter Crew
Set reinforcing and anchor bolts 4 days G.C. Rough Carpenter Crew
Pour column piers and foundations 5 days G.C. Concrete Crew
Pour concrete elevator walls 1 day G.C. Concrete Crew
Cure elevator wall concrete 7 days G.C. Labor Crew[10%]
Cure piers and foundations 7 days G.C. Labor Crew[10%]
Strip wall forms 1 day G.C. Labor Crew[10%]
Strip column piers and foundation forms 3 days G.C. Labor Crew
Install pneumatic tube in elevator pit 3 days Elevator Contractor
Prepare and pour concrete floor in
elevator pit 1 day G.C. Concrete Crew
Steel Erection 45 days
Erect steel columns, beams and joist - 1st
and 2nd floors 2 wks Steel Erection Contractor
Erect steel columns, beams and joist - 3rd
floor and roof 2 wks Steel Erection Contractor
Install miscellaneous iron and bracing -
1st and 2nd floors 2 wks Steel Erection Contractor[75%]
Install miscellaneous iron and bracing -
3rd floor and roof 2 wks Steel Erection Contractor[75%]
Install stairs and miscellaneous iron railing 2 wks Steel Erection Contractor[50%]
Touch-up paint on steel 1 wk Steel Erection Contractor[20%]
Form and Pour Concrete - Floors and Roof 85 days
40. Form 2nd floor including all floor
openings 5 days G.C. Rough Carpenter Crew,G.C. Labor Crew[20%]
Install rebar and in-floor utilities
(including mechanical, electrical, plumbing) 5 days
G.C. Labor Crew[33%],Plumbing Contractor[33%],Electric
Contractor[33%]
Pour 2nd floor slab 4 days G.C. Concrete Crew
Cure 2nd floor slab 7 days G.C. Labor Crew[10%]
Strip forms from 2nd floor slab 2 days G.C. Labor Crew
Form 3rd floor including all floor openings 5 days G.C. Rough Carpenter Crew[50%],G.C. Labor Crew[20%]
Install rebar and in-floor utilities
(including mechanical, electrical, plumbing) 5 days
G.C. Labor Crew[33%],Plumbing Contractor[33%],Electric
Contractor[33%]
Pour 3rd floor slab 4 days G.C. Concrete Crew
Cure 3rd floor slab 7 days G.C. Labor Crew[10%]
Strip forms from 3rd floor slab 2 days G.C. Labor Crew
Form roof slab including all floor openings 5 days G.C. Rough Carpenter Crew,G.C. Labor Crew[20%]
Install rebar and in-floor utilities
(including mechanical, electrical, plumbing) 5 days
G.C. Labor Crew[33%],Plumbing Contractor[33%],Electric
Contractor[33%]
Pour roof slab 4 days G.C. Concrete Crew
Cure roof slab 7 days G.C. Labor Crew[10%]
Strip forms from roof slab 2 days G.C. Labor Crew
Form 1st floor 4 days G.C. Rough Carpenter Crew
Install electrical underground 1 wk Electric Contractor
Install plumbing underground 1 wk Plumbing Contractor
Install rebar and in-floor utilities 4 days
G.C. Labor Crew[33%],Plumbing Contractor[33%],Electric
Contractor[33%]
Pour 1st floor slab 4 days G.C. Concrete Crew
Cure 1st floor slab 7 days G.C. Labor Crew[10%]
Strip forms from 1st floor slab 2 days G.C. Labor Crew
Carpentry Work 15 days
Install exterior sheathing and metal studs 3 wks Drywall Contractor
Masonry Work 110 days
Rough-in plumbing at toilets and masonry
walls 4 wks Plumbing Contractor
Lay masonry at core, mechanical, and
toilets 4 wks Masonry Contractor
Install exterior masonry work 5 wks Masonry Contractor
Install roof drains 2 days Roofing Contractor
Install tile in toilet rooms 2 wks Tile Contractor
Clean masonry 1 wk Masonry Contractor[50%]
Clean toilet room tile 1 wk Tile Contractor[50%]
Roofing 31 days
Install flashing at parapet walls 4 days Roofing Contractor
Pour lightweight concrete roof fill 2 days Roofing Contractor
Install seamless roofing material 5 days Roofing Contractor
Spread stone ballast on seamless roof 5 days Roofing Contractor
41. Set rooftop equipment 2 wks HVAC Contractor
Window wall and store front closures 60 days
Install window wall aluminum and glass 5 wks Window Contractor
Install interior stud walls and drywall 5 wks Drywall Contractor
Install interior doors and hardware 2 wks G.C. Finish Carpenter Crew
Install store front doors and hardware 3 wks Window Contractor
Building Finishes 80 days
Install millwork and wood trim 3 wks G.C. Finish Carpenter Crew
Paint walls and woodwork 4 wks Painting Contractor
Install conduit at ceiling plenum space 3 wks Electric Contractor
Install duct in ceiling plenum space 3 wks HVAC Contractor
Install ceiling grid 2 wks Drywall Contractor
Install ceiling tile 2 wks Drywall Contractor
Hang wallpaper 2 wks Painting Contractor
Install building carpet 4 wks Carpet Contractor
Install hardware and accessories 3 wks G.C. Finish Carpenter Crew
Complete interior and exterior sod and
plantings 2 wks Landscape Contractor
Pave, curb, and stripe parking lot 2 wks Paving Contractor
Elevators 40 days
Set elevator equipment in shafts 4 wks Elevator Contractor
Set equipment in mechanical room 2 wks Elevator Contractor
Test and align doors and equipment 2 wks Elevator Contractor
Plumbing 90 days
42. Rough-in plumbing in drywall walls 4 wks Plumbing Contractor
Tie-in fire line riser and set valves 2 wks Plumbing Contractor
Set plumbing fixtures and trim 3 wks Plumbing Contractor
Flush, test, and clean piping and fixtures 2 wks Plumbing Contractor
Electrical 139 days
Rough-in electrical in masonry walls 4 wks Electric Contractor
Rough-in electrical in drywall walls 4 wks Electric Contractor
Pull wire in conduit and set area
transformers 3 wks Electric Contractor
Install and terminate electrical devices 3 wks Electric Contractor
Make electrical terminations for HVAC
equipment 2 days Electric Contractor
Install light fixtures - test and clean 2 wks Electric Contractor
Heating and Ventilating - AC 180 days
Set equipment in mechanical room 2 wks HVAC Contractor
Rough-in mechanical in masonry walls 4 wks HVAC Contractor
Rough-in mechanical in drywall walls 2 wks HVAC Contractor
Install duct in building chase 3 wks HVAC Contractor
Set HVAC trim and test and balance
system 4 wks HVAC Contractor
Final Clean-up and Occupancy 60 days
Install hard tile flooring in common areas 1 wk Tile Contractor
Clean hard tile floors 4 days Tile Contractor[50%]
Remove debris from building and do final
clean-up 4 days G.C. Labor Crew
Substantial completion date 1 day G.C. Superintendent
Complete Final Inspections 6 days
Complete elevator inspection and
certification 3 days Elevator Contractor
Perform architect's inspection 1 day G.C. Superintendent[50%],G.C. Project Management[50%]
Perform local building agency inspection 1 day G.C. Project Management[50%],G.C. Superintendent[50%]
Perform Fire Marshal's inspection 1 day G.C. Superintendent[50%],G.C. Project Management[50%]
Complete punch list items from all
inspections 2 wks
G.C. Superintendent[11%],G.C. Labor Crew[11%],Plumbing
Contractor[11%],Electric Contractor[11%],HVAC
Contractor[11%],Drywall Contractor[11%],Carpet
Contractor[11%],Paving Contractor[11%],Painting Contractor[11%]
Obtain certificate of occupancy 2 days G.C. Project Management
Issue final completion documents including
warranties 1 day G.C. Project Management
Issue final request for payment 1 day
G.C. Project Management[33%],G.C. Accounting[33%],G.C. General
Management[33%]
43. Container Housing Project
10
UTöVA Research & PM – cguliford@utova.org 832.301.2194
Livability Survey
A post-occupancy livability survey was conducted with the intent to provide tenants
with an opportunity to comment and provide feedback on the livability and functionality
of their new container homes. The results of the survey tabulated below show that
overall tenant satisfaction is 92% based off a range of livability and unit-performance
questions.
Tabulated Survey Results
Livability Survey Questions # Completed
Positive
Responses
Negative
Responses
Satisfaction
Rate
Are the units large enough to live
comfortably?
9 7 2 78%
Is the kitchen sufficient for cooking
healthy meals?
9 9 0 100%
Is there sufficient ventilation when
cooking?
9 8 1 89%
Are the bathrooms sufficient for
personal care?
9 8 1 89%
Is heating sufficient in the winter? 9 9 0 100%
Are units cool in the summer? 9 0 0 No Data
Is there a lot of loud noise from
adjacent suites?
9 7 2 78%
Is there sufficient natural light from
the windows?
9 9 0 100%
Do you feel safe and secure in your
unit?
9 9 0 100%
Quotes from Residents
“The kitchens are set up well and I love the space. It is a beautiful kitchen”.
“The natural light is beautiful and is a beautiful feature of the suite”.
“This is an extremely quiet building, so much so it can be a little eery”.
“This is an extremely safe building, gates, locks, security cameras, lighting, staff
next door, neighbors. It’s a gem in the DTES”.
“Unit is ideal for one person. You have to really learn to make use of vertical space
and be organized.”
General comments included with the survey forms will be included in design
considerations for future container-housing designs and development.
44. Container Housing Project
11
UTöVA Research & PM – cguliford@utova.org 832.301.2194
A typical unit consists of rectangle 16’ X 20’ floor plate which was constructed using
two side-by-side 40’ x 8’ containers divided in the middle with a fire-rated, suite-
separation partition.
Example of long and narrow 40’ x 8’ containerized living space.
48. Container Housing Project
12UTöVA Research & PM – cguliford@utova.org 832.301.2194
unit floor plate using two, side-by-side, 40’ x 8’ containers, divided in the
center with a suite-demising wall.
49. Container Housing Project
17
UTöVA Research & PM – cguliford@utova.org 832.301.2194
Regardless of the form of development the above constraints apply to all types of
construction including traditional timber stick built, concrete or steel framed and
resulted in a requirement to build on a restricted tight footprint within the existing site.
The requirement to allow natural light and unobstructed outlooks for adjacent tenants
also greatly influenced the need to build and service two separates container buildings
on the site, which from a cost perspective is not the most efficient approach to
development.
Given the described site-specific constraints, the modular standardized size and
noncombustible material of the containers resulted in an apt and relatively efficient
application for this particular development.
50. Container Housing Project
21
Phase 4 – Technical Scoping & Planning
Container Modifications
There is probably a misconception that shipping containers can simply be picked up
from the dock side and dropped on to a building site to be used as building’s
superstructure and exterior shell.
While shipping containers have monocoque bodies and their corrugation panels (roof,
sides, and back), floor, purlins, front doors, frame and rails form an integrated structural
skin, once they are modified to create openings and open spaces they are weakened
and require structural modifications.
Project modifications are required: to
open up larger floor areas; install
services; attach exterior elements
such as the roof structure; curtain
wall system; stairs; and balconies.
52. Container Housing Project
23
UTöVA Research & PM – cguliford@utova.org 832.301.2194
Modifications included adding structural components such as columns, beams braces,
and shims
Beams
Columns
Braces
53. Container Housing Project
Base Unit Cost Analysis
The example below shows the influence of applying base unit cost rationale when
increasing unit area.
Influence of Base Unit Cost Example (costs are exampled only)
Base Unit Cost
Components
Studio 350
sq.ft GFA
(Costs)
1 Bed Unit
650 sq.ft
GFA (Costs)
Comments
Site Servicing $ 7,000 $ 7,000 Constant cost and no increase due to unit size
Plumbing
Distribution
$ 4,000 $ 4,000 Constant cost and no increase due to unit size
Electrical
Distribution
$ 3,000 $ 3,900
Assumes 30% increase above base costs due to
larger floor area
Bathroom
Fixtures
$ 3,000 $ 3,000 Constant cost and no increase due to unit size
Kitchen $ 2,500 $ 3,250
Assumes 30% increase above base costs due to
larger floor area
Fire Alarm
System
$3,000 $3,000 Constant cost and no increase due to unit size
Sprinkler System $2,000 $2,600
Assumes 30% increase above base costs due to
larger floor area
Glazing Systems $8,000 $8,000
Increasing unit size reduces ‘constant’ cost items by
42%
Entrance Door $1,500 $1,500 Constant cost and no increase due to unit size
Totals $34,000 $ 36,250
Sq.ft Cost $ 97.14 $55.77
Cost Difference $41.37
Increasing the unit area results in a $41.37 reduction
of sq.ft cost
% Difference 42.6% or 57.4% reduction
Increasing the unit area results in a 42.6% or 57.4%
reduction of sq.ft cost
Methodology Item 3 - Micro-Suite Cost Efficiencies (when reported on a cost per unit
measurement)
Taking an aggregate of costs from the Altus Cost Guide for timber-framed construction
for townhouses and assuming costs are based off a larger unit of 685 sq.ft the following
unit costs have been developed:
Suite Type GFA Cost sq.ft Cost Per
Unit
Cost Diff % Diff
1 Bed Apt 685 $173 $118,505
Micro-suite 365 $218 $79,570
$38,505 (lower
cost)
32 % lower cost
The calculations above indicate that unit costs for micro-suites compared to typical
market units with a similar level of functionality are potentially lower by 32%.
54. 17
Appendix A: Cost Analysis Breakout for Single and Double Units
SAMPLE - COST ANALYSIS
Project Description
Site: 200 meters x 300 meters. Six ( 6 ) hectares.
14.826
acres.
Dwelling Units: 1,698 single width units ( 40 ft x 8 ft. )
75 double width units ( 40 ft x 16ft. )
1,773 Total Dwelling Units.
Density: ( Assume five ( 5 ) occupants / dwelling unit )
8,865 Total Occupants
598 Dwelling Units / Acre.
I. PROPOSED OWNERS STATEMENT
Final Development Study
ITEM COST:
LAND $2,384,000.00
CONSTRUCTION - Hard Cost $13,900,185.00
PERMITS $34,750.46
ARCHITECTURE / ENGINEERING $556,007.40
LEGAL / ACCOUNTING $69,500.93
INSURANCE $69,500.93
SURVEYS / TESTING $34,750.46
SOFT COST CONTINGENCY $7,645.10
DEVELOPERS FEES $733,234.76
TOTALS $17,789,575.04
55. 18
SAMPLE COST ANALYSIS
II. PROPOSED HARD COST STATEMENT
For Single Width Dwelling Units:
1,698 single width units ( 40 feet x 8 feet. )
ITEM COST:
General Conditions $250.00
Sitework / Excavation $200.00
Underground Utilities $100.00
Landscaping $150.00
Roads / Driveways / Walkways $300.00
Poured in Place Concrete $400.00
Container Unit Cost $1,100.00
Container Installation $50.00
Steel Stairways / Steel Misc. $400.00
Carpentry Materials $250.00
Carpentry Labor $250.00
Cabinets / Built Ins $350.00
Counter Tops / Vanity Tops $100.00
Interior Furninshings $150.00
Thermal Insulation $75.00
Sound Attenuation $450.00
Roofing $75.00
Hardware $25.00
Doors $80.00
Windows $450.00
Interior Partitions $50.00
Interior Paining $50.00
Exterior Painting $50.00
Flooring / Wood & Tile (Sanding and Finish) $180.00
Bath Accessories $10.00
Storage Accessories $25.00
Appliances $600.00
Plumbing Labor $600.00
Plumbing Fixtures $200.00
HVAC $250.00
Electrical Labor $400.00
Electrical Fixtures $100.00
TOTAL Cost for Individual Single Width Unit. $7,720.00
Total Hard Cost for all Single Units. ( 1,698 x $7,720 ) $13,108,560.00
56. 19
COST ANALYSIS
III. PROPOSED HARD COST STATEMENT
For Double Width Dwelling Units:
75 single width units ( 40 feet x 16 feet )
ITEM COST:
General Conditions $500.00
Sitework / Excavation $400.00
Underground Utilities $200.00
Landscaping $300.00
Roads / Driveways / Walkways $300.00
Poured in Place Concrete $400.00
Container Unit Cost $2,200.00
Container Installation $100.00
Steel Stairways / Steel Misc. $400.00
Carpentry Materials $250.00
Carpentry Labor $250.00
Cabinets / Built Ins $500.00
Counter Tops / Vanity Tops $200.00
Interior Furninshings $300.00
Thermal Insulation $150.00
Sound Attenuation $450.00
Roofing $150.00
Hardware $25.00
Doors $160.00
Windows $450.00
Interior Partitions $100.00
Interior Paining $50.00
Exterior Painting $100.00
Flooring / Wood & Tile (Sanding and Finish) $360.00
Bath Accessories $10.00
Storage Accessories $50.00
Appliances $600.00
Plumbing Labor $600.00
Plumbing Fixtures $200.00
HVAC $250.00
Electrical Labor $400.00
Electrical Fixtures $150.00
TOTAL Cost for Individual Double Width Unit. $10,555.00
Total Hard Cost for all Double Units. ( 75 x $10,555
) $791,625.00
57. Figure 8: Sarah House, Salt Lake City, UT
LANDSCAPE & LIGHT COST ANALYSIS
58. Brookland Unit Site Plan - p.6-7 - Travis Price, Architect
CCSGen1 Site Plan - p. 2-3 - Cleveland Container Structures (Cont.)