This document discusses consumer behavior and the factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions. It describes:
1. The five stages of the consumer buying process - problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
2. The key factors that influence consumer behavior, including cultural factors, social factors, personal factors, and psychological factors.
3. Different consumer buying situations such as complex buying behavior, dissonance reducing behavior, variety seeking behavior, and habitual buying behavior.
This document summarizes the stages of buying motives that consumers go through. It discusses 5 stages: 1) need arousal where a consumer recognizes a need, 2) information search where they gather information about products, 3) evaluation of alternatives, 4) purchase decision, and 5) post-purchase feelings about the product and whether expectations were met. It also defines buying motives as the reasons a customer purchases goods, which can include economic, social, and psychological factors. Different roles in the buying process are outlined, and techniques for motivational research are summarized.
The document summarizes the consumer buying process for laptops. It discusses the stages of problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It then describes different types of consumer buying behavior such as routine response, limited decision making, extensive decision making, and impulse buying. Finally, it outlines factors that influence consumer behavior such as personal, psychological, social, and cultural factors.
Consumer buying behaviour for laptop’sNitesh Wadia
The document summarizes the stages of the consumer buying process. It discusses the key stages as:
1) Problem recognition, where a consumer identifies an unmet need. An example is a student needing a laptop for college assignments.
2) Information search, where the consumer searches for information about products that could meet their need. This includes internal memory and external sources like friends.
3) Evaluation of alternatives, where the consumer evaluates different products based on criteria like price, quality and features. The student evaluates laptop brands.
4) Purchase decision, where the consumer decides on a product, brand, store. The student chooses an HP laptop.
5) Post-purchase evaluation, where the consumer is satisfied and
The document is a marketing project report submitted by Shriyam Chaturvedi of Grade 11 for conducting a household survey on buying motives of consumers regarding price and quality for certain selected products. The products surveyed are jewelry (Malabar gold, Joyalukkas, Atlas), gas stoves (Hitachi, Elekta, Sanyo), and airline services (Air India, Air Arabia, Jet Airways). The report includes an introduction to the products, buying motives, brand details, questionnaire, comparison bar graphs, and conclusions based on the survey results.
The document provides an overview of consumer buyer behavior. It discusses characteristics that affect consumer behavior such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It also examines Henry Assael's model of different types of buying decision behaviors based on involvement. The consumer buying decision process and process for new products are analyzed. Various buying motives and behavioral models including economic, learning, psychoanalytical, and sociological are also examined.
The document discusses consumer behavior and the buyer decision process. It outlines the gaps model of consumer expectations and marketer perceptions. It then describes the 5 stages of the buyer decision process - need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Finally, it discusses factors that influence consumer behavior such as cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics.
High involvement purchases require more research and decision effort due to higher costs and perceived risk. Examples include luxury cars and jewelry. Low involvement purchases have little risk and decision effort, like toothpaste or snacks. Involvement level affects whether rational or emotional factors influence decisions. The Elaboration Likelihood Model also describes how involvement impacts attitude formation - high involvement uses the central route of thorough consideration, while low involvement relies more on peripheral cues like endorsements.
This document summarizes the stages of buying motives that consumers go through. It discusses 5 stages: 1) need arousal where a consumer recognizes a need, 2) information search where they gather information about products, 3) evaluation of alternatives, 4) purchase decision, and 5) post-purchase feelings about the product and whether expectations were met. It also defines buying motives as the reasons a customer purchases goods, which can include economic, social, and psychological factors. Different roles in the buying process are outlined, and techniques for motivational research are summarized.
The document summarizes the consumer buying process for laptops. It discusses the stages of problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It then describes different types of consumer buying behavior such as routine response, limited decision making, extensive decision making, and impulse buying. Finally, it outlines factors that influence consumer behavior such as personal, psychological, social, and cultural factors.
Consumer buying behaviour for laptop’sNitesh Wadia
The document summarizes the stages of the consumer buying process. It discusses the key stages as:
1) Problem recognition, where a consumer identifies an unmet need. An example is a student needing a laptop for college assignments.
2) Information search, where the consumer searches for information about products that could meet their need. This includes internal memory and external sources like friends.
3) Evaluation of alternatives, where the consumer evaluates different products based on criteria like price, quality and features. The student evaluates laptop brands.
4) Purchase decision, where the consumer decides on a product, brand, store. The student chooses an HP laptop.
5) Post-purchase evaluation, where the consumer is satisfied and
The document is a marketing project report submitted by Shriyam Chaturvedi of Grade 11 for conducting a household survey on buying motives of consumers regarding price and quality for certain selected products. The products surveyed are jewelry (Malabar gold, Joyalukkas, Atlas), gas stoves (Hitachi, Elekta, Sanyo), and airline services (Air India, Air Arabia, Jet Airways). The report includes an introduction to the products, buying motives, brand details, questionnaire, comparison bar graphs, and conclusions based on the survey results.
The document provides an overview of consumer buyer behavior. It discusses characteristics that affect consumer behavior such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It also examines Henry Assael's model of different types of buying decision behaviors based on involvement. The consumer buying decision process and process for new products are analyzed. Various buying motives and behavioral models including economic, learning, psychoanalytical, and sociological are also examined.
The document discusses consumer behavior and the buyer decision process. It outlines the gaps model of consumer expectations and marketer perceptions. It then describes the 5 stages of the buyer decision process - need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Finally, it discusses factors that influence consumer behavior such as cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics.
High involvement purchases require more research and decision effort due to higher costs and perceived risk. Examples include luxury cars and jewelry. Low involvement purchases have little risk and decision effort, like toothpaste or snacks. Involvement level affects whether rational or emotional factors influence decisions. The Elaboration Likelihood Model also describes how involvement impacts attitude formation - high involvement uses the central route of thorough consideration, while low involvement relies more on peripheral cues like endorsements.
1) After making a purchase, consumers may experience post-purchase dissonance or doubts about their decision. They will seek information to justify their choice and reduce these doubts.
2) Most purchases are followed by product use. How the product is used and disposed of is evaluated by the consumer. Satisfaction depends on whether expectations are met or exceeded by the product's performance.
3) Post-purchase actions include repeat purchases, brand switching, or discontinuing use, depending on the consumer's level of satisfaction. Marketers should monitor post-purchase behavior and satisfaction to improve products, marketing, and customer retention.
This document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence it. It outlines the consumer buying decision process which includes problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. It also describes types of buying behavior like routine response, limited decision, and impulse buying. Key factors that influence consumer behavior are personal factors, psychological factors, social factors, cultural factors, and groups or family. The stages of the consumer buying process and examples of psychological versus functional motives are also summarized.
Introduction to Consumer Behaviour; Consumer Behaviour
and Marketing Strategy; Consumer Involvement – Levels
of involvement, and Decision Making.
Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
Information Search Process; Evaluative Criteria and
Decision Rules, Consumer Motivation – Types of Consumer
Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
Personality and Self Concept on Buying Behaviour,
Psychographics and Lifestyles, Impuse Buying.
Diffusion of Innovation and Opinion Leadership, Family
Decision Making, Influence of Reference Group
Industrial Buying Behaviour– Process and factors, Models
of Consumer Behaviour – Harward Seth, Nicosia, E& D,
Economic Model; Introduction to Consumer Behaviour
Audit; Consumer Behaviour Studies in India.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in consumer behavior taught in an introductory consumer behavior course. It discusses definitions of consumer behavior and different consumer orientations throughout history. The marketing concept is explained as well as how marketers segment, target, and position products. The document also covers customer value, satisfaction, trust and retention. It provides examples of how companies like Starbucks create value propositions and how McDonald's communicates value to consumers. The impact of digital technologies and social media on marketing is examined. A simple model of the consumer decision making process is also presented.
There are many individual and organizational factors that influence business-to-business (B2B) buying behavior. These include demographic, situational, social, psychological, and risk-related factors of individual purchasers. The degree of involvement and complexity of the purchasing process also affects behavior. Within organizations, stakeholders, resources, relationships, and standard procedures all shape decision making. Effective B2B marketers understand these influences on customers and tailor communications accordingly to meet objectives.
The document analyzes data from a study of 25 participants in Colombia on their involvement with rice and cars. It finds that cars are a higher involvement product than rice. Participants spent 1 week to 3 months choosing a car but less than 5 seconds to 5 minutes on rice. They searched more information sources and characteristics for cars. Rice involvement was affective while car involvement was more cognitive. No differences in involvement were found between gender or age groups.
The document discusses consumer decision making. It outlines the consumer decision making process which includes need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It also discusses the types of consumer decisions and factors that influence consumer decision making like marketing efforts, psychological factors, and socio-cultural environment. The goal is to understand the "how" and "why" of consumers' experiences with products and services.
The document discusses consumer buying behavior and its importance. It defines consumer buying behavior as the sum of a consumer's attitudes, preferences, intentions, and decisions when purchasing products or services. Understanding consumer behavior helps companies design products that satisfy consumer needs, determine pricing and promotion strategies, and more. The document also outlines the consumer buying decision process and different types of buying behaviors and motives.
Consumer Decision Making Process and Changing Indian Consumers and its Impact,Consumer Profiling for a Consumer Durable product like LCD, LED, Smart Phone, etc
There are several types of buying-decision behavior:
1. Complex buying behavior occurs when purchases are expensive, risky, infrequent, and important, requiring consumers to learn about attributes. Examples include laptops and mobile phones.
2. Dissonance reducing behavior happens when involvement is high due to price and infrequency, but differences between brands are small, so consumers choose easily available options and may experience post-purchase dissonance.
3. Variety seeking behavior has low involvement but significant brand differences, so consumers perceive brand switching for variety, like choosing different chip brands each time.
4. Habitual behavior has low involvement and insignificant brand differences, so consumers purchase habitually without consideration, like matches or
There are four main types of buying behavior: extensive decision making which involves high-risk, expensive purchases like homes or cars where consumers extensively research options; dissonance reducing behavior where consumers have high involvement due to price but see little difference between brands; habitual buying of inexpensive, frequently purchased items like milk or bread based on established attitudes; and variety seeking behavior where consumers have low involvement but switch between brands for variety rather than dissatisfaction with items like snacks.
1. Individual buying decisions involve problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase, and post-purchase behavior. The roles of buyer, user, and payer can be played by the same individual or different individuals.
2. Decisions are influenced by where consumption takes place - at home, work, or in public. Price sensitivity varies in each location.
3. Customer decision processes involve determining whether to purchase, what to purchase, where, when, and balancing finite time and money across alternatives. Mental budgeting also influences decisions.
This chapter discusses motivation and values in consumer behavior. It explains that products can satisfy different consumer needs and that the level of involvement with a product, marketing message, or purchase situation impacts how consumers evaluate products. Cultural values shape the types of products consumers prefer. The chapter also addresses how materialism, or the importance placed on possessions, varies among consumers and influences their priorities and behaviors.
Types of buying decision behaviors and buyer decision processSharif Alaul
There are four types of buying decision behaviors based on consumer involvement and differences between brands: complex buying behavior, variety seeking behavior, dissonance reducing behavior, and habitual buying behavior. The buyer decision process has five stages: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Consumers may have positive or negative post-purchase evaluations depending on whether the product meets or fails to meet expectations.
Consumer decision making involves a process where consumers identify their needs, gather information about alternatives, evaluate options, and make a purchase decision. This process is influenced by psychological, economic, and environmental factors. There are three main types of consumer buying decisions - routine response behavior for everyday low-involvement purchases, limited decision making for moderate-involvement purchases, and extensive decision making for high-involvement purchases. A consumer's decision making process typically involves need recognition, information search, and leads to a purchase and post-purchase evaluation.
The document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence it. Cultural factors like social class and subculture shape people's wants and behavior. Social factors such as family, friends, and reference groups also have an impact. Personal characteristics like age, occupation, and personality further influence consumer decisions. There are different roles people play in the buying process, from recognizing a need to the final purchase. A variety of psychological and behavioral concepts are also reviewed.
Consumer behavior is studied based on concepts from psychology, sociology, anthropology, marketing, and economics. It is important to study consumer behavior because customers can no longer be taken for granted. Failure rates of new products are high, with only 56% of new products remaining on the market after 5 years and only 8% of new concepts making it to market, with 83% of those failing to meet objectives. All managers must become skilled at analyzing consumer motivation and behavior in order to succeed.
The document provides an overview of consumer behaviour and consumer research. It defines consumer behaviour as the study of how individuals make decisions to spend resources on consumption-related items. Consumer research involves systematically gathering and analyzing data to understand consumer thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. There are various types of consumer research methods, including surveys, experiments, focus groups, and in-depth interviews. Understanding consumer behaviour helps marketers make better strategic decisions and predict how consumers will react to marketing cues.
The document discusses consumer behavior and the consumer decision-making process. It describes consumer behavior as how individuals and groups decide to buy, use, and dispose of goods and services. The consumer decision-making process involves 5 stages: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Marketers aim to understand this process to better target consumers. The document also discusses the adoption process, whereby consumers progress from awareness to adoption of new products through 5 stages: awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption. Understanding consumer behavior and decision-making is important for marketers.
This document discusses segmentation variables that can be used to segment usage situations, including time (such as leisure time, rush work, or morning/lunch time), objective (personal, gift, fun, or health), location (home, work, or friend's home), and person (self, family member, friends, or peers).
1) After making a purchase, consumers may experience post-purchase dissonance or doubts about their decision. They will seek information to justify their choice and reduce these doubts.
2) Most purchases are followed by product use. How the product is used and disposed of is evaluated by the consumer. Satisfaction depends on whether expectations are met or exceeded by the product's performance.
3) Post-purchase actions include repeat purchases, brand switching, or discontinuing use, depending on the consumer's level of satisfaction. Marketers should monitor post-purchase behavior and satisfaction to improve products, marketing, and customer retention.
This document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence it. It outlines the consumer buying decision process which includes problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. It also describes types of buying behavior like routine response, limited decision, and impulse buying. Key factors that influence consumer behavior are personal factors, psychological factors, social factors, cultural factors, and groups or family. The stages of the consumer buying process and examples of psychological versus functional motives are also summarized.
Introduction to Consumer Behaviour; Consumer Behaviour
and Marketing Strategy; Consumer Involvement – Levels
of involvement, and Decision Making.
Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
Information Search Process; Evaluative Criteria and
Decision Rules, Consumer Motivation – Types of Consumer
Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
Personality and Self Concept on Buying Behaviour,
Psychographics and Lifestyles, Impuse Buying.
Diffusion of Innovation and Opinion Leadership, Family
Decision Making, Influence of Reference Group
Industrial Buying Behaviour– Process and factors, Models
of Consumer Behaviour – Harward Seth, Nicosia, E& D,
Economic Model; Introduction to Consumer Behaviour
Audit; Consumer Behaviour Studies in India.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in consumer behavior taught in an introductory consumer behavior course. It discusses definitions of consumer behavior and different consumer orientations throughout history. The marketing concept is explained as well as how marketers segment, target, and position products. The document also covers customer value, satisfaction, trust and retention. It provides examples of how companies like Starbucks create value propositions and how McDonald's communicates value to consumers. The impact of digital technologies and social media on marketing is examined. A simple model of the consumer decision making process is also presented.
There are many individual and organizational factors that influence business-to-business (B2B) buying behavior. These include demographic, situational, social, psychological, and risk-related factors of individual purchasers. The degree of involvement and complexity of the purchasing process also affects behavior. Within organizations, stakeholders, resources, relationships, and standard procedures all shape decision making. Effective B2B marketers understand these influences on customers and tailor communications accordingly to meet objectives.
The document analyzes data from a study of 25 participants in Colombia on their involvement with rice and cars. It finds that cars are a higher involvement product than rice. Participants spent 1 week to 3 months choosing a car but less than 5 seconds to 5 minutes on rice. They searched more information sources and characteristics for cars. Rice involvement was affective while car involvement was more cognitive. No differences in involvement were found between gender or age groups.
The document discusses consumer decision making. It outlines the consumer decision making process which includes need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It also discusses the types of consumer decisions and factors that influence consumer decision making like marketing efforts, psychological factors, and socio-cultural environment. The goal is to understand the "how" and "why" of consumers' experiences with products and services.
The document discusses consumer buying behavior and its importance. It defines consumer buying behavior as the sum of a consumer's attitudes, preferences, intentions, and decisions when purchasing products or services. Understanding consumer behavior helps companies design products that satisfy consumer needs, determine pricing and promotion strategies, and more. The document also outlines the consumer buying decision process and different types of buying behaviors and motives.
Consumer Decision Making Process and Changing Indian Consumers and its Impact,Consumer Profiling for a Consumer Durable product like LCD, LED, Smart Phone, etc
There are several types of buying-decision behavior:
1. Complex buying behavior occurs when purchases are expensive, risky, infrequent, and important, requiring consumers to learn about attributes. Examples include laptops and mobile phones.
2. Dissonance reducing behavior happens when involvement is high due to price and infrequency, but differences between brands are small, so consumers choose easily available options and may experience post-purchase dissonance.
3. Variety seeking behavior has low involvement but significant brand differences, so consumers perceive brand switching for variety, like choosing different chip brands each time.
4. Habitual behavior has low involvement and insignificant brand differences, so consumers purchase habitually without consideration, like matches or
There are four main types of buying behavior: extensive decision making which involves high-risk, expensive purchases like homes or cars where consumers extensively research options; dissonance reducing behavior where consumers have high involvement due to price but see little difference between brands; habitual buying of inexpensive, frequently purchased items like milk or bread based on established attitudes; and variety seeking behavior where consumers have low involvement but switch between brands for variety rather than dissatisfaction with items like snacks.
1. Individual buying decisions involve problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase, and post-purchase behavior. The roles of buyer, user, and payer can be played by the same individual or different individuals.
2. Decisions are influenced by where consumption takes place - at home, work, or in public. Price sensitivity varies in each location.
3. Customer decision processes involve determining whether to purchase, what to purchase, where, when, and balancing finite time and money across alternatives. Mental budgeting also influences decisions.
This chapter discusses motivation and values in consumer behavior. It explains that products can satisfy different consumer needs and that the level of involvement with a product, marketing message, or purchase situation impacts how consumers evaluate products. Cultural values shape the types of products consumers prefer. The chapter also addresses how materialism, or the importance placed on possessions, varies among consumers and influences their priorities and behaviors.
Types of buying decision behaviors and buyer decision processSharif Alaul
There are four types of buying decision behaviors based on consumer involvement and differences between brands: complex buying behavior, variety seeking behavior, dissonance reducing behavior, and habitual buying behavior. The buyer decision process has five stages: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Consumers may have positive or negative post-purchase evaluations depending on whether the product meets or fails to meet expectations.
Consumer decision making involves a process where consumers identify their needs, gather information about alternatives, evaluate options, and make a purchase decision. This process is influenced by psychological, economic, and environmental factors. There are three main types of consumer buying decisions - routine response behavior for everyday low-involvement purchases, limited decision making for moderate-involvement purchases, and extensive decision making for high-involvement purchases. A consumer's decision making process typically involves need recognition, information search, and leads to a purchase and post-purchase evaluation.
The document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence it. Cultural factors like social class and subculture shape people's wants and behavior. Social factors such as family, friends, and reference groups also have an impact. Personal characteristics like age, occupation, and personality further influence consumer decisions. There are different roles people play in the buying process, from recognizing a need to the final purchase. A variety of psychological and behavioral concepts are also reviewed.
Consumer behavior is studied based on concepts from psychology, sociology, anthropology, marketing, and economics. It is important to study consumer behavior because customers can no longer be taken for granted. Failure rates of new products are high, with only 56% of new products remaining on the market after 5 years and only 8% of new concepts making it to market, with 83% of those failing to meet objectives. All managers must become skilled at analyzing consumer motivation and behavior in order to succeed.
The document provides an overview of consumer behaviour and consumer research. It defines consumer behaviour as the study of how individuals make decisions to spend resources on consumption-related items. Consumer research involves systematically gathering and analyzing data to understand consumer thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. There are various types of consumer research methods, including surveys, experiments, focus groups, and in-depth interviews. Understanding consumer behaviour helps marketers make better strategic decisions and predict how consumers will react to marketing cues.
The document discusses consumer behavior and the consumer decision-making process. It describes consumer behavior as how individuals and groups decide to buy, use, and dispose of goods and services. The consumer decision-making process involves 5 stages: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Marketers aim to understand this process to better target consumers. The document also discusses the adoption process, whereby consumers progress from awareness to adoption of new products through 5 stages: awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption. Understanding consumer behavior and decision-making is important for marketers.
This document discusses segmentation variables that can be used to segment usage situations, including time (such as leisure time, rush work, or morning/lunch time), objective (personal, gift, fun, or health), location (home, work, or friend's home), and person (self, family member, friends, or peers).
This document provides an overview of business markets and business buyer behavior. It discusses key differences between business and consumer markets, including that business demand is derived from consumer demand. The business buying process and major types of buying situations are also summarized. The roles of different participants in the business buying center are outlined. Major influences on business buyers and the steps in the business buying process are then described at a high level. The document concludes with brief summaries of e-procurement, institutional markets, and government markets.
The document discusses various aspects of electronic commerce including business models, customer targeting strategies, revenue and operating modes, and factors impacting e-commerce changes. It also covers developing an e-commerce strategy and international strategy, addressing issues like product suitability, pricing, localization, and transaction fulfillment. Basic e-commerce infrastructure elements like client-server paradigm, domain name system, file transfer protocol, and website communication process are also summarized.
China, the new driving force of the Russian e-commerce - Henni Adrien EWDNEast-West Digital News
China has become a major driving force in the growth of Russian e-commerce. Chinese companies, especially AliExpress, have seen huge increases in traffic and package deliveries to Russia in recent years. AliExpress overtook eBay as the top e-commerce site in Russia, with over 1 million packages delivered to Russia on some peak days in late 2014. Overall, the Chinese share of the cross-border e-commerce market to Russia was estimated to be around 70% in 2014. The presentation provides an overview of the Russian e-commerce market and opportunities for Chinese companies to expand into Russia through platforms like AliExpress, as well as marketing and consulting services.
This document discusses market segmentation and buyer behavior. It begins by introducing market segmentation as dividing the overall market into smaller subgroups with similar tastes, demands, and preferences. The need for market segmentation is then outlined, including helping marketers understand target audiences and devise effective marketing strategies. Several types of market segmentation are also defined, such as geographic, demographic, behavioral, and psychographic segmentation. The document then discusses factors that influence buyer behavior for both consumers and organizations. It provides examples of how Hallmark and TVS Motors apply an understanding of markets and buyers. In conclusion, it emphasizes the importance of market segmentation and addressing target audiences' specific needs.
The document discusses the greeting card industry and Hallmark's position within it. It describes how Hallmark faces competition from other card companies and needs to adapt to new technologies like e-cards. The document also analyzes consumer decision-making processes for buying cards and how this varies based on the occasion. Finally, it notes that women and middle-aged consumers buy the most cards and suggests ways Hallmark can target men and younger/older age groups, such as developing trendy e-cards or ads showing men giving cards.
Unilever Bangladesh markets their popular beauty soap brand LUX. They segment the market according to geographic locations and socioeconomic status. LUX targets urban and sub-urban upper middle and middle class consumers. While maintaining consistent quality worldwide, LUX comes in six fragrances and three sizes. Unilever uses extensive promotional activities and third party distributors to distribute LUX nationwide, maintaining their market leadership position. However, competitors are gaining share in rural areas, so Unilever may need to target those segments or attract new groups like children to retain their dominant share of the beauty soap market.
Ch05 consumer markets and consumer buyer behaviorzaib zafar
This document provides an overview of Chapter 5 from a marketing textbook. It discusses consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. The key points covered include:
- A model of consumer buyer behavior involving cultural, social, personal and psychological factors that influence purchasing decisions.
- The stages of the consumer decision process: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
- Different types of buying decisions and the roles involved in purchases.
- The adoption and diffusion process for new products, including innovator categories and characteristics that influence adoption rates.
- International differences in consumer behavior and considerations for marketers when expanding globally.
Bikroy.com is a Sweden-based classifieds website launched in 2012 that allows free posting of ads for items like cars, property, electronics, and jobs. It uses a database and PHP/MySQL to store and communicate ad information. Bikroy.com has grown through offering category browsing, optional signups, mobile and web access, Google AdSense banner ads, Android/iOS apps, job postings, and social media engagement. It currently ranks highly in Bangladesh and is worth an estimated $47 million with many daily users and page views, demonstrating its success in reaching the growth stage of its product lifecycle.
This presentation summarizes research on consumer attitudes towards online shopping in Bangladesh. It finds that occasional buyers are the most common user type. Cellbazaar is the most popular website due to its depth of information. Bikroy provides the most accurate product representations. Recommendations include adding video product demonstrations, customer ratings, related product suggestions, and reducing unnecessary advertisements. Overall, online shopping is growing in popularity in Bangladesh and could contribute significantly to the country's economic development.
The document summarizes consumer market and buyer behavior. It discusses factors that influence buyer behavior such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It also outlines the stages of the buying decision process and describes the adoption and diffusion process for new products. Finally, it briefly discusses international consumer behavior.
Consumer behavior all material Prepared by karventhan karventhanps
The document outlines Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy on customer service. It states that a customer is the most important visitor and the purpose of a business. A business depends on customers, not the other way around, and customers should be served with respect rather than as a favor.
Usage situation has an importance of its own in consumer behaviour ; with beer as a product, the ppt from a student of Era Business School, tries to explain the issue.
Idp presentation on Consumer Behavior towards online shopping in Jamnagar cityDarshana Chauhan
This document summarizes a research report on consumer behavior towards online shopping in Jamnagar City, India. The report was prepared by two students under the guidance of a professor. It includes an introduction to online shopping, literature review on the topic, research objectives and design, data collection methods, findings, suggestions and conclusions. The key findings are that Amazon is the most preferred website, discounts strongly influence purchases, and faster delivery is important to consumers. Suggestions include developing mobile apps and improving website design and delivery speed.
1. The chapter discusses models of consumer behavior including the economic-buyer model and how psychological, social, and situational factors influence purchasing decisions.
2. It describes consumer decision-making processes like the problem-solving process and adoption process, as well as variables that affect these processes such as motivation, learning, attitudes, and lifestyle.
3. Key terms are defined relating to consumer behavior concepts like social class, reference groups, problem solving levels, and the learning process.
L'oreal Consumer Buying Behaviour - MET STUDENTSRajesh Shetty
L'Oreal was founded in 1909 by a French chemist and is now the world's largest cosmetics company. Headquartered near Paris, L'Oreal started in the hair color business but expanded into skin care, makeup, perfumes, and hair care. It has a portfolio of brands like L'Oreal Paris, Maybelline, Garnier, Lancome, and Vichy. L'Oreal is the top patent holder in nanotechnology in the US. While cosmetics are its main revenue driver, it also operates in dermatology and pharmaceuticals.
The document provides an overview of buyer behaviour topics for a marketing course. It defines consumer behaviour and discusses key concepts like the consumer decision-making process, factors that influence consumer behaviour, and different types of buying decisions. It also compares consumer markets to business-to-business markets, outlining similarities and differences in models of buyer behaviour and the buying process for each. The summary highlights the key topics covered in the reading.
This document provides a marketing strategy for Bru coffee in Ahmedabad, India. It begins with an overview of Bru coffee's current market standing as the leader in the Indian coffee segment with 49.6% value share. The brand is positioned on happiness and has the tagline "Happiness begins with Bru".
The document then outlines the marketing strategy framework it will use, including examining the current state of the product, desired state, and developing marketing strategies to achieve the desired consumer affective, behavioral, cognitive, and environmental outcomes. It analyzes various frameworks related to consumer behavior and cognition that can inform the strategy.
Finally, the document applies models of consumer behavior to identify specific marketing strategies. These include leveraging
This document is a project report submitted by a student named S Athaullah for their MBA program. It discusses their summer internship project conducted at Future Group's Big Bazaar retail store. The report includes chapters on the retail industry analysis, company analysis of Big Bazaar, discussion of the training received, and analysis of the research conducted during the internship. A survey was administered to understand customer behavior and perceptions of Big Bazaar. The findings provide insights into factors influencing customer decisions and their satisfaction levels with various aspects of shopping at Big Bazaar.
This document discusses consumer behavior and the factors that influence it. It defines consumer behavior as the actions and decisions of individuals when selecting and disposing of products. Key factors that influence consumer behavior include marketing mix factors like product, price, place and promotion as well as personal, psychological, social and cultural factors. The stages of the consumer buying decision process are also outlined as need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
Consumer behavior is the study of how people make decisions regarding products and services. It is influenced by psychological, personal, and social factors. Understanding consumer behavior allows companies to satisfy customer needs, develop effective marketing strategies, identify new opportunities, and select target markets. As technology advances, consumers are more informed, engaged in product design, and concerned with sustainability. They also use multiple devices and have high expectations for the customer experience across online and offline channels. Stages of purchase in electronic markets include researching options before buying, evaluating quality and service during purchase, and needing support after purchase. Challenges include addressing consumer concerns over privacy, quality, and convenience on mobile apps.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to consumer buying behaviour including:
1. Consumer behaviour involves the processes of acquiring, using, and disposing of goods and services, and can be influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors.
2. Studying consumer behaviour helps organizations understand customers to better achieve their objectives and influence economic and social conditions.
3. Consumer decision making can range from routine to extensive processes depending on the product, and can be impacted by circumstances.
4. Understanding consumer habits, motives, decision processes and influences is important for marketers to maximize sales and profits.
Consumer behavior is “the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services.
Consumer behaviour consists of how the consumer's emotions, attitudes, and preferences affect buying behaviour”.
The document outlines the consumer decision making process, which consists of 5 steps: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. It then provides details about each step, including examples. It also discusses alternative forms of decision making, habitual/routine, limited, and extended decision making. The key aspects of the consumer decision making process are recognizing a problem, gathering information from various sources, comparing alternatives, making the purchase, and evaluating the purchase.
The document outlines the consumer decision making process, which consists of problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. It also discusses alternative forms of decision making like habitual, limited, and extended decision making. Heuristics and decision rules that help consumers in their decision making are also explained. Key aspects of each step in the consumer decision making process are defined along with relevant examples.
The document discusses key aspects of consumer behavior including the meaning of consumer behavior, types of consumers, factors that influence consumer behavior from various disciplines like psychology, sociology, economics, and applications of consumer behavior knowledge in marketing. It defines consumer behavior as how individuals select, purchase, use, and dispose of products and services. It also outlines the consumer decision making process and different types of consumer buying behaviors.
The document discusses key aspects of consumer behavior including definitions, important disciplines involved like psychology and economics, consumer involvement, types of consumers and consumer buying behavior. It explains how understanding consumer behavior can help with identifying market opportunities, selecting target markets, and informing marketing mix decisions related to product, price, distribution and promotion.
This document provides an overview of consumer behavior. It defines consumer behavior as how individuals select, purchase, use, and dispose of goods and services. Understanding consumer behavior is important for marketers to determine what products are needed, which are obsolete, and how to best present goods to consumers. The study of consumer behavior is interdisciplinary and examines how personal, psychological, social, cultural, and situational factors influence purchasing decisions. Marketers can use insights into consumer behavior to inform product design, pricing, promotion, packaging, positioning, and distribution strategies.
The document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence it. It provides definitions of consumer behavior and discusses the need to study consumer behavior to satisfy customer needs, understand consumer psychology, motives, choices, and preferences. It then describes different types of consumer buying behavior including complex, dissonance-reducing, habitual, and variety seeking behaviors. The stages of the consumer buying decision process are outlined as well as psychological, social, cultural, personal, and economic factors that influence consumer decisions.
Consumer behavior involves a multi-step purchase decision process: problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Consumers go through levels of involvement - routine, limited, or extensive - depending on the purchase. Social influences on consumer behavior include reference groups, opinion leaders, family socialization, and subcultures. Reference groups are people consumers aspire to be like, while opinion leaders are experts or celebrities whose recommendations strongly sway purchase decisions. Family upbringing and the subcultures consumers belong to also shape their purchasing habits.
Consumer buying behavior refers to the processes consumers use to make purchase decisions. There are five stages in the consumer buying process: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Consumer behavior can vary based on level of involvement and perceived differences between brands. Marketers must understand the factors influencing consumer decisions in order to develop effective marketing strategies.
Introduction to Consumer Behaviour; Consumer Behaviour
and Marketing Strategy; Consumer Involvement – Levels
of involvement, and Decision Making.
Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
Information Search Process; Evaluative Criteria and
Decision Rules, Consumer Motivation – Types of Consumer
Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
Personality and Self Concept on Buying Behaviour,
Psychographics and Lifestyles, Impuse Buying.
Diffusion of Innovation and Opinion Leadership, Family
Decision Making, Influence of Reference Group
Industrial Buying Behaviour– Process and factors, Models
of Consumer Behaviour – Harward Seth, Nicosia, E& D,
Economic Model; Introduction to Consumer Behaviour
Audit; Consumer Behaviour Studies in India.
Consumer's Choice: Brand Choice and Store Choice factors, Post purchase dissonance, Product use and non-use, Product disposition, Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction, Consumer Complaint Behavior, Satisfaction and Brand Loyalty, Strategic implications of post purchase behavior
The document discusses the key determinants and processes involved in consumer buying behavior. It defines buying behavior and identifies the main factors that influence it, including cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. It then outlines the five main stages in the buying behavior process: perceived want or desire, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase experience and behavior. The document concludes that understanding this buying behavior process is important for marketing management.
An PPT on Consumer Behaviour and Market SegmentationMOHD AMAAN HASAN
This document provides information about consumer behavior and market segmentation. It lists the names of students and their teacher. It then defines consumer behavior and explains why understanding it is important for marketers. It discusses the four types of consumer behavior and different factors that influence consumer decisions. The document also defines market segmentation and explains the need for it and its benefits. It describes different types of market segmentation including demographic, psychographic, behavioral, and geographic segmentation. Finally, it discusses the importance of conducting a consumer behavior audit to understand internal and external influences on consumers.
Assignment needs to make sure it relates to this week’s readings a.docxrock73
Assignment needs to make sure it relates to this week’s readings and lecture. The assignment also needs demonstrate an understanding of lesson concept and clearly present well-reasoned ideas and concepts.
Consumer Decision Making
Welcome class to week six of the course, we only have three weeks left to go, yeah. We have officially covered over the last five weeks the foundations of what marketing is, along with discussing in depth the elements (four P’s) of the marketing mix. This week, we are going to discover what I like to call the fifth P of the marketing mix, “people.” We are going to learn all about the consumer this week and the vital role “People,” also known as the consumers play within the wonderful world of marketing. Let’s not waste anymore time and jump right into the role of a consumer.
The Importance of Understanding Consumer Behavior
Consumers’ product and service preferences are constantly changing. Marketing managers must understand these desires in order to create a proper marketing mix for a well-defined market. So it is critical that marketing managers have a thorough knowledge of consumer behavior. Consumer behavior describes how consumers make purchase decisions and how they use and dispose of the purchased goods or services. Understanding how consumers make purchase decisions can help marketing managers know how to meet the demands, needs, and criterion of the consumer.
The Consumer Decision Making Process
When buying products, particularly new or expensive items, consumers generally follow the consumer decision-making process, a five-step process used by consumers when buying goods or services. The five steps of the consumer decision-making process are: (1) need recognition, (2) information search, (3) evaluation of alternatives, (4) purchase, and (5) post-purchase behavior.
These five steps represent a general process that can be used as a guide for studying how consumers make decisions. It is important to note, though that consumers’ decisions do not always proceed in order through all of these steps. In fact, the consumer may end the process at any time or may not even make a purchase. Let’s discuss the five steps of the consumer decision-making process in greater detail.
1. Need Recognition
The first stage in the consumer decision-making process is need recognition. Need recognition is the result of an imbalance between actual and desired states. The imbalance arouses and activates the consumer decision-making process. Need recognition is triggered when a consumer is exposed to either an internal or an external stimulus, which is any unit of input affecting one or more of the five senses: sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing.
Internal stimuli are occurrences you experience such as hunger or thirst. External stimuli are influences from an outside source such as someone’s recommendation of a new restaurant, the color of an automobile, the design of a package, a brand name mentioned by a friend, or a ...
CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR - INTRODUCTION TO MARKETINGAgaineSandra1
Consumer markets are constantly changing, and marketers must understand new and emerging contexts to succeed
Widespread adoption of digital technologies has created a global consumer culture that affects local lifestyles and behaviors
Global consumer culture shapes cultural values and can significantly influence how individuals respond to marketing activities
Marketers need to understand both local and global nuances of a market and identify aspects that may impact consumer behavior
The document discusses consumer behavior and organizational buying. It defines consumer behavior as how individuals make decisions to spend resources on consumption items. Organizational buying refers to the decision-making process formal organizations use to identify, evaluate and select products and suppliers. The document outlines factors that influence consumer behavior such as social, cultural, personal, psychological factors and marketing factors. It also discusses the different types of buying decisions and roles involved in organizational purchases.
This document provides an overview of consumer behavior and the new product development process. It discusses the factors that influence consumer behavior, including marketing factors, personal factors, psychological factors, situational factors, social factors, and cultural factors. It also outlines the consumer buying decision process, which includes need identification, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. The document then discusses what constitutes a new product and provides the steps in new product development, including idea generation, idea screening, concept development and testing, market strategy development, business analysis, test marketing, and commercialization.
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2. The most importantthingis to,
forecast where customers are
moving,and be in front of
them.
-Philip
Kotler.-
3. Consumers are individuals who buy products or services for personal consumption or
else we can say that a customer is anyone who receives a product – either a good or a
service from an organisation.
Identifying a Consumer.
• Who is a consumer ?
To Philip Kotler, Consumer buying behaviour refers to,
The buying behaviour of final consumer individuals
and households who buy goods and services for
personal consumption.
4. A consumer’s mind is called as a Black Box. WHY ?
Stimulus.
• Company controlled
product, price,
advertising, sales
promotion, display,
distribution.
• Social word of mouth,
reference group.
Consumer
mind
[ BLACK BOX ]
Response
Buy
Not to buy
Identifying a Consumer.
6. Types of Buyer Behaviour.
• Consumer market.
This can be divided in to 4 groups.
Convenience Products
Shopping Products
Specialty Products
Unsought Products
7. For any type of buyers, an understanding of customers can be gained only by
answering these questions as these are the most intractable aspects of buyer
behavior.
1. Who is important in the buying behavior?
2. How do they buy?
3. What are their choice criteria?
4. Where do they buy?
5. When do they buy?
Answers to these questions can be provided by personal contact with
customers and yes, most importantly by marketing research.
Dimensions of Buyer Behaviour.
8. If these dimensions are not touched which means that ultimately that the
particular organization has not understand the buyer.
So how can that organization create value and capture value?
Let’s see what usually happens when organizations failed in their attempt of
understanding the customer.
The first thing that would happen would be the flopping of the product or
sometimes even the brand can flop as well.
In these cases, the grand success of the parent company wasn’t enough to
save the products.
Dimensions of Buyer Behaviour.
9. Examples for flopped products due to
customer rejection.
Colgate Kitchen
Entrees.
McDonald’s The Hula
Burger.
10. Examples for flopped products due to
customer rejection.
McDonald’s Arch Deluxe
Burger.
New Coke.
11. These five stages are a good framework to evaluate customers' buying decision process.
However, it is not necessary that customers get through every stage, nor is it necessary
that they proceed in any particular order.
For example, if a customer feels the urge to buy chocolate, he or she might go straight to
the purchase decision stage, skipping information search and evaluation.
This describes the process your customer goes through before they buy your product.
Understanding your customer’s buying process is not only very important for your
Salespeople, it will also enable you to align your sales strategy accordingly.
Consumer Buying Process.
13. 1. Problem recognition.
EXAMPLE
First and the most important step in buying
behavior process.
Buying process is initiated when,
• The consumer identifies a problem or a need that
has to be fulfilled. / Dissatisfaction with the
current product or service.
• Changing life styles. / Outdating of the products.
As an undergraduate who just enrolled for a
degree, so he needs portability in the
computer to work at home as well as at the
college.
This is where he / she recognized he / she
has a problem which can be solved with a
lap top.
14. 2. Information search.
This is where the consumer starts searching information
about the products that can satisfy his satisfied needs.
The types of sources that can be used are,
• Personal sources - family members / friends.
• Commercial sources – advertising / sales person /
displays.
• Public sources - mass media / customer rating
organization.
• Experiential sources - from own or others
experiences of using the product.
EXAMPLE
Undergraduate, who wanted to
buy a laptop would gather
information about laptop
brands such as,
HP / Acer / Dell /Apple.
15. 3. Evaluation of alternatives.
This is where the customer evaluate products based on chosen
criteria such as performance, durability, warranty, price, after
sales services on competitive basis.
Factors-
Customer’s attitudes.
Customer’s involvement.
Benefit of the product.
Cost.
Satisfaction.
Undergraduate who
gathered information
about laptop brands will
now evaluate the
product in terms of price,
features, warranty,
durability etc.
EXAMPLE
16. 4. Purchase decision.
Now that the consumer has evaluated the
different solutions and products available for
respond to his need, he will be able to choose
the product or brand that seems most
appropriate to his needs.
EXAMPLE
After evaluation of many
brands of laptops the
undergraduate decides to
purchase a HP laptop due
to the high battery life.
17. 5. Post purchase behavior.
This is an opinion that will influence his future
decisions and buying behavior.
EXAMPLE
Negative post purchase behavior.
• If the undergraduate who purchased HP
is not happy, he will persuade his friends
not to buy HP because his experience
about HP is negative.
EXAMPLE
Positive post purchase behavior.
• If the undergraduate is happy with
the performance of HP laptop he
will recommend his fellow students
to purchase a HP and will be brand
loyal by purchasing more HP
products.
18. Customers often go through the feelings of post-purchase psychological tension or
anxiety. Questions include: "Have I made the right decision?", "Is it a good choice?"
etc. This is called as cognitive dissonance.
Dissonance is likely to increase in 4 ways.
With the expense of purchase.
When the decision is difficult. [ Eg: many alternatives / many choice criteria and
each alternative offering benefits not available with the others ]
When the decision is irrevocable.
When the purchaser has a tendency to experience anxiety.
Cognitive Dissonance.
19. These are the various attributes and benefits a consumer uses when evaluating
products and services.
They provide the grounds for deciding to purchase one brand or another. Different
members of the buying center may use different choice criteria.
Eg: When choosing dresses a child may use the criteria of self-image
whereas the parent may use the price.
Choice Criteria.
20. Technical criteria –
Eg: reliability / durability / performance/ style / comfort / taste.
Economic criteria –
Eg: price / value for money / running costs/ life cycle costs.
Personal criteria –
Eg: self-image / risk reduction / emotions / ethics.
Social criteria -
Eg: status / social belongings / convention / fashion.
Types of Choice Criteria.
22. • Complex buying behavior –
Consumer buying behavior in situations characterized by high consumer involvement in
a purchase where great time and effort is made and there are significant perceived
differences among brands.
These products are typically expensive and considerable amount of time is spent to
look for information.
Eg- Houses / Car
• Dissonance reducing buying behavior –
Consumer buying behavior in situations characterized by high consumer involvement in
a purchase where great time and effort is made but few perceived differences among
brands.
Consumers categorize the difference in accordance to price range.
Eg- Furniture
Consumer Buying Situations.
23. • Variety seeking buying behavior –
Consumer buying behavior in situations characterized by low consumer
involvement where it is more of a reaction with no learning process and significant
perceived brand differences.
Eg- A consumers changes preference from DOVE shower gel to NIVEA
shower gel for although satisfied with the current brand. [ DOVE ]
• Habitual buying behavior –
Consumer buying behavior in situations characterized by low consumer
involvement where it is more of a reaction with no learning process but few
significant perceived brand differences.
Eg- Food and Drinks.
Consumer Buying Situations.
24. Basically the factors which influence the customers to buy a product or a
service can be divided into 4 categories.
The Influences on Consumer
Buying Behaviour.
Cultural factors.
Social factors.
Personal factors.
Psychological factors.
25. Culture refers to the shared beliefs, customs, behaviors, and attitudes that
characterize a society.
Culture is a handed down way of life and is often considered the broadest
influence on a consumer’s behavior.
Your culture prescribes the way in which you should live and has a huge effect
on the things you purchase.
• Cultural factors.
• Eg: In Afghanistan ladies generally
wear burqas, which cover them
completely from head to toe.
• Similarly, in Saudi Arabia, ladies must
wear what’s called an abaya, a long
black garment.
26. This social class is measured and related to occupation, income, education
and wealth.
Seven classes of US consumers along with the types of car brands they might
buy.
• Social Class.
Upper-Upper Class
People with inherited wealth and aristocratic
names.
Lower-Upper Class
Professionals such as CEOs, doctors, and
lawyers.
Upper-Middle Class
College graduates and managers.
Middle Class
White collar workers.
Working Class
Blue collar workers.
Lowest Class
People on welfare.
Lower Class
People who are working but not on welfare.
27. Members of a particular society have an influence on consumer’s decisions.
Eg: Specially when buying automobiles, televisions and other electronic items
these parties act as a pint of reference for consumers in making their decisions.
They can influence the particular person in his/her buying patterns, ways and
methods.
• Social factors.
28. Age –
People’s buying behaviour completely changes when their age changes. Because different
products are needed at different ages these purchasing decisions are converted as well.
Eg: If we take the “need of food”, this is basically what people find for
satisfy their hunger in different ages.
Baby -----------> baby food
Teenagers -----------> burgers, pizzas
Adults -----------> more healthy food
Gender-
This is another factor which influences consumer behaviour process. basically female and
male needs differ most of the times.
Eg: Males spend a less time when shopping, while females spend a lot of time for
shopping. So their shopping practices highly differ.
• Personal factors.
29. Occupation -
Occupation may also affect customers purchasing behaviours.
• Eg: Shoe manufacturer will design different types of shoes for office workers and
construction sites workers.
Economic situation -
Recession is one of the economic indicator that will affect c.b.b.
• Eg: These are some ways consumers have reacted to a harsher economic reality.
Downsizing
Discounting
Inexpensive treating
Delaying
30. Life style –
This refers to pattern of living as expressed in a person’s activities, interests and
opinions.
Eg: On-the-go drinks, such as bottled water and take away coffee, and on-the-go food,
such as cereal based breakfast snack bars, have found favour among time pressured
consumers.
31. Motivation -
These are the factors which motivates the consumer to purchase the product.
Motives are driving forces that cause a person to take action to satisfy needs. Motives
can be grouped into 5 categories a proposed by Maslow.
Physiological – food and drinks
Safety – health
Social – associating with friends
Esteem – high reputation
Self actualization
• Eg: A consumer who is driven by the esteem and status motive may use self image
as a key choice criteria when considering the purchase of a car.
• Psychological factors.
32. Decision making can also be made by a group such as a household. In such
situations a number of individuals may interact to influence the purchase
decision.
Eg 1: In a toy purchase, a girl may be the initiator and attempt to influence her
parents who are the deciders. The girl may be influenced by her sister to
buy a different brand. The buyer may be one of the parents, who visits
the store to purchase. Finally the both children may be users of the toy.
We can identify 5 main roles,
Consumer Buying Roles.
Initiator.
Influencer.
Decider.
Buyer.
User.
33. INITIATOR.
The initiator is the player who recognizes a problem and tries to find a solution to
it. This is the most important person in the decision making process.
INFLUENCER.
They can exert influence on the purchasing process by setting pre-conditions. They
can be found at all levels of the organization.
DECIDER.
The decider is the player who is ultimately responsible for choosing the supplier
and as a result takes up an important position within the decision making process.
BUYER.
The buyer is the actual negotiator with the supplier. The buyer negotiates about
contract terms and eventually places the order. The buyer takes up one of the
most important roles within the decision making process.
USER.
These are the people who are actually going to work with the purchased goods or
services and they exert influence on the specifications. Both customers and
employees may take on this role.
34. Ladies Dress –
It is likely that four
roles are played by the
same lady, she
initiates, decides, buys
and use the product,
perhaps with some
influence from a
friend.
Examples for Consumer
Buying Roles.
35. Emotion is a necessary ingredient to almost all decisions. When we are confronted with a
decision, emotions from previous, related experiences affix values to the options we are
considering.
These emotions create preferences which lead to our decision. The influential role of
emotion in consumer behaviour is well documented:
When evaluating brands, consumers primarily use emotions rather than information.
Emotional response to an ad has far greater influence on a consumer’s reported
intent to buy a product than does the ad’s content.
Studies show that positive emotions toward a brand have far greater influence on
consumer loyalty than trust and other judgments which are based on a brand’s
attributes.
How do emotions affect purchases?
36. Emotions are the primary reason why consumers prefer brand name products. Why do
we decide to pay more for brand name products?
A brand is nothing more than a mental representation of a product in the consumer’s
mind. The richer the emotional content of a brand’s mental representation, the more
likely the consumer will be a loyal user.
37. For retailers, shopping is the art
of persuasion. Though there are
many factors that influence how
and what consumers buy.
However, a great deal is decided
by visual cues, the strongest and
most persuasive being color.
How do
colours
affect
purchases ?