OECD CEFIM Framework for industry’s net-zero transition - Indonesia Kick-off meeting: iron and steel sector, 26 October 2023, Jakarta, Indonesia

1. Condition Towards a National Steel Industry Decarbonization
The Indonesian Iron and Steel Industry Association
Jakarta, 26 October 2023

2. 2
List of contents
Global Warming Developments and a Carbon Neutral Economy
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Targets and Strategies
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Iron and Steel Industry Sector
Indonesian Steel
Development of Carbon Neutral Technology in the Steel Industry
Status of Carbon Neutral Technology Development in the Steel Industry
I
II
III
IV
VIII
V
VI
VII
Consumption Levels and Challenges For National Steel
Impact of Implementing Carbon Neutral Technology in the Steel Industry
IX Conclusions and Recommendations

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I. Developments in Global Warming and a Carbon Neutral Economy
https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/4/30/17300946/global-warming-degrees-replace-fossil-fuels
• The Paris Agreement was agreed to by various countries, including Indonesia, based on the understanding that without a
standard climate policy, the world would face multiple threats due to rising temperatures due to greenhouse gas emissions.
• In support of this target, various developed countries have launched a Carbon Neutral Economy by 2050.
Impact
Global warming
Target: 2050
Global Response

4. 4
II. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Targets and Strategies
• So that the increase in earth's temperature does not exceed 1.5 0 C , additional efforts are needed to reduce carbon emissions by 32GtCO2e
• This reduction in carbon emissions has the opportunity to be carried out in various sectors, namely: energy, industry, agriculture and food, forests and land use, transportation,
and buildings and cities.
• Various efforts have been developed to achieve the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 32 GtCO2e or achieving the target of increasing temperature by 1.5 0 C
⁃ Use of cleaner energy and reduced greenhouse gas emissions
⁃ Circular economy through reducing and recycling waste
⁃ Environmental restoration and conservation of biota diversity
⁃ Encourage green technology
Target
An increase of 1.5 0 C Strategy
Government Policy for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Emissions Gap Report 2019, 2020

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III. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Steel Industry Sector
https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-sector
• Globally, the most significant greenhouse gas emissions are produced when producing energy, namely 73.2% of total global emissions, with energy
emissions for industry reaching 24.2%. Meanwhile, emissions originating from worldwide iron and steel industry energy reached 7.2%.
• Based on the 2019 Emission Gap Report , total emissions in the Materials Industry reached 11.5 GtCO2 e with emissions from the steel industry
reaching 3.7 GtCO2e.
Emissions Gap Report 2019
CO2 e Emissions in Material Industries
Global CO2 e Emissions

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IV. Consumption Levels and Challenges For National Steel Industry (1/2)
IISIA, processed
• Consumption of steel national growth in 2022 will be 7% become 16.6 million tonnes of previously only 15.5 million tonnes in 2021.
• Cumulative Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) consumption of steel for seven years, between 2015 and 2022, is 5.5%.
6.2
6.6
7.9
10
10.9
13
14
14.4
6.5
6.9
7.1
7.6
8.4
5.6
6.7
7.3
1.3
0.8
1.3
2.6
3.3
3.6
5.2
5.1
11.4
12.7
13.7
15.0
16.0
15.0 15.5
16.6
17.9
44.5
49.1
52.4
56.8
59.9
55.5 56.6
60.1 62.2
-5.0
5.0
15.0
25.0
35.0
45.0
55.0
65.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023F
(kg/capita/year)
Volume
(million
tonnes)
Production Import Export ASC* Steel Consumption per Capita

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IV. Consumption Levels and Challenges For the National Steel Industry (2/2)
• Steel demand will continue to increase and is estimated to reach 2.3 x steel demand in 2015 influential against e greenhouse gas emissions of the steel
industry will continue to grow as steel capacity increases.
• The steel industry needs to develop and adopt environmentally friendly technology.
Global Steel Needs 2100
(Gt/Year )
CO2 Intensity in Steel Production
tCO2/t steel
Basic Oxygen
Furnace (BOF)
BOF, with Best
Available Technology
BOF, with Bio Fuels
Direct Reduced Iron
(DRI)
BOF + Carbon Capture
and Storage (CCS)
Electric Arc Furnaces
(EAF)
EAF + Zero Carbon
Electricity
2.3
1.9
1.1
1.1
0.9
0.4
0.1

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V. Indonesian Steel Production Line
• Most steel products have been produced by the Indonesian steel industry.
• 2 main types of Indonesian steel industry products: Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel.

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VI. Development of Carbon Neutral Technology in the Steel Industry (1/3)
Carbon Direct Avoidance (CDA )
• Process Overview:
⁃ The CDA process is the production of steel without directly releasing carbon
emissions.
⁃ The energy used in the CDA process is based on hydrogen (H2) or electricity
originating from renewable energy sources.
⁃ The BOF substitution pathway by EAF for crude steel production is a pathway
supporting CDA steps. Meanwhile, the use of renewable energy electricity
contributes to the electric steelmaking process with reduced CO2 emissions.
https:// www.lowcarbonfuture.eu /projects-area/#CDA

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VI. Development of Carbon Neutral Technology in the Steel Industry (2/3)
Process Integration (PI)
• Process Overview:
⁃ The PI process is purposeful in reducing carbon use.
⁃ The PI pathway includes route-making consisting of steel from BF/BOF and
DRI/EAF using material-burned fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, etc.) with
lower levels of CO2 emissions.
⁃ Technology includes the cycle process repeat or internal use of factory steel
gas, replacement part coal with natural gas or biomass, increased
scrap/metal heat ratio, and replacement ore with Hot Briquetted/Direct
Reduced Iron available.
⁃ The integrated solution carried out on PI is to use biomass for the steel
production and recycling internal reset material reducer additional gas to
the BF.
https:// www.lowcarbonfuture.eu /projects-area/#CDA

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VI. Development of Carbon Neutral Technology in the Steel Industry (3/3)
Carbon Capture, Storage and Usage (CCU)
• Process Overview:
⁃ Carbon Capture, Storage and Usage (CCU) includes all options for
utilizing CO and CO2 in gas or factory fumes steel as standard material
for production / integration to become a valuable product.
⁃ Related projects with PI can be combined with CCS and CCU.
⁃ CO2 comes from BF, BOF gas, and hydrogen from coke oven gas is a
possible source for the production of hydrocarbons.
https:// www.lowcarbonfuture.eu /projects-area/#CDA

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VII. Status of Carbon Neutral Technology Development in the Steel Industry
https:// assets.siemens-energy.com /siemens/assets/ api /uuid:b0e63543-9d1b-445f-b751-83966ee696ae/02026-dnk-efd-schwerpunkt-e.pdf

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VIII. Impact of Implementing Carbon Neutral Technology in the Steel Industry
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap, IEA

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IX. Conclusion and Recommendation
❑ The steel industry faces the challenge of demand for steel, which is projected to continue to increase, but needs to reduce the resulting
carbon emissions.
❑ Carbon neutral technology needs to be used in the steel industry to face the challenges it faces.
❑ H2 based direct reducing iron – Shaft furnace is the most likely technology to be used today.
❑ The use of carbon neutral technology requires investment costs, so policies and government support are needed that are able to
encourage the use of environmentally friendly technology in the steel industry.

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