Conditional sentences express factual implications or hypothetical situations and their consequences. There are four types of conditional sentences: zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional. Each type uses different verb tenses and has a different function. The zero conditional uses present simple tense and refers to general truths. The first conditional uses present simple and future simple tenses to predict likely future outcomes. The second conditional uses past simple and would + verb to express unlikely or hypothetical present/future situations. The third conditional uses past perfect and would have + past participle to refer to unreal past situations.

1. CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES
S E N T E N C E S E X P R E S S I N G FA C T U A L I M P L I C AT I O N S , O R
H Y P OT H E T I C A L S I T U AT I O N A N D T H E I R C O N S E Q U E N C E S .

2. TYPE ZERO
Type Condition + Result
Zero
Conditional
If you stand in the You get wet.
If you heat ice, It melts.
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE
Uses: Facts which are generally true or scientific facts. The conditions always have the same
results.

3. TYPE ONE
Type Condition + Result
First
Conditional
If it rains, We will cancel the
trip.
If you study, You will pass the
exam.
PRESENT SIMPLE WILL + BASE FORM
(FUTURE SIMPLE)Uses: A possible situation in the future. Predicting a likely result in the future (if the condition
happens).

4. TYPE TWO
Type Condition + Result
Second
Conditional
If I won the competition, I would donate it to the
orphants.
If they sold their car, They would be rich.
PAST SIMPLE WOULD + BASE FORM
(PAST FUTURE)
Uses: Hypothetical or unlikely situation. Unreal or improbable situation now or in the future.

5. TYPE THREE
Type Condition + Result
Third
Conditional
If you had studied, You would have
passed the exam.
If I hadn’t been sick, I would have gone to
your party.
PAST PERFECT WOULD HAVE + PAST
PARTICIPLE (PAST
FUTURE PERFECT)
Uses: The person is imagining a different past. Imaginary situation that did not happen.

6. TENSES REQUIRED
1. Present simple (0, 0, 1) : S + V1
2. Past simple (2) : S + V2
3. Future simple (1) : S + Will + V1
4. Past perfect (3) : S + Had + V3
5. Past future (2) : S + Would + V1
6. Past future perfect (3) : S + Would + Have + V3/Been

7. I STUDY NOW
P R E S E N T S I M P L E

8. I WILL STUDY
NEXT WEEK
F U T U R E S I M P L E

9. I STUDIED LAST
NIGHT
PA S T S I M P L E

10. I WILL WATCH
THE MOVIE
F U T U R E S I M P L E

11. I WATCHED THE
MOVIE
PA S T S I M P L E

12. I WATCH THE
MOVIE
P R E S E N T S I M P L E

13. I HAD STUDIED
PA S T P E R F E C T

14. I WOULD STUDY
PA S T F U T U R E

15. I WOULD HAVE
STUDY
PA S T F U T U R E P E R F E C T

16. 1 . H A V E A D I S C U S S I O N O N Y O U R
G R O U P A B O U T T H E C O N D I T I O N A L
S E N T E N C E S M A T E R I A L A N D I T S
G R A M M A R R E Q U I R E M E N T S .
2 . E X P L A I N Y O U R
U N D E R S T A N D I N G A F T E R T H E
D I S C U S S I O N O N E B Y O N E I N Y O U R
G R O U P .
3 . M A K E N O T E S B E C A U S E I T C A N
B E U S E D F O R Y O U R O W N G O O D .
TASK

17. 1 . T H E D E F I N I T I O N S O F
C O N D I T I O N A L S E N T E N C E S .
2 . T H E F O R M U L A S O F E A C H
C O N D I T I O N A L S E N T E N C E S .
3 . T H E F U N C T I O N S O F E A C H
C O N D I T I O N A L S E N T E N C E S .
4 . T H E F O R M U L A O F T E N S E S
R E Q U I R E D .
OBJECTIONS