This document discusses conditional sentences in English. It begins by defining a conditional sentence as one that expresses a condition that can only happen if something else occurs first. It then explains that conditional sentences are important because they help express things that may happen in the present or future, such as giving advice or discussing hypothetical situations. The document goes on to describe the three main types of conditional sentences: zero conditional for facts, first conditional for probable future events, and second conditional for unlikely or imaginary situations. It provides examples for each type and concludes with an exercise for readers to practice forming conditional sentences.

1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
English Class
Dhea Tisane Ardhan, M.Hum.
Politeknik Negeri Jakarta
2023

2. What is a
Conditional
Sentence?
Why is
Conditional
Sentence
Important?
A conditional sentence is a sentence that
expresses a condition.
A condition is something that can only
happen IF something else occurs.
Because they help us express things that
may happen in the present and future.
Conditionals serve many purposes and
take several different forms. They can be
used to give advice, express
regret and discuss facts.

4. Zero Conditional (Type 0)
If Clause (Condition) Main Clause (Result)
If + simple present Simple present
If this thing happens that thing happens.
If you heat ice, it melts.
IF + SIMPLE PRESENT
(condition)
SIMPLE PRESENT
(result)
The grass gets wet if it rains.
SIMPLE PRESENT
(result)
IF + SIMPLE PRESENT
(condition)

5. First Conditional (Type 1)
If Clause (Condition) Main Clause (Result)
If + simple present Simple future
If this thing happens that thing will happen.
If you drop that glass, it will break.
IF + SIMPLE PRESENT
(condition)
SIMPLE FUTURE
(result)
You will miss the bus if you don’t hurry
SIMPLE FUTURE
(result)
IF + SIMPLE PRESENT
(condition)

6. Second Conditional (Type 2)
If Clause (Condition) Main Clause (Result)
If + simple past Present conditional or present
continuous conditional
If this thing happened that thing would happen.
If I was Bill Gates, I would buy everyone a house.
IF + SIMPLE PAST
(condition)
PRESENT CONDITIONAL
(result)
(but I’m not Bill Gates)
S + would + V1

7. Third Conditional (Type 3)
If Clause (Condition) Main Clause (Result)
If + past perfect perfect conditional or perfect
continuous conditional
If this thing had happened that thing would have happened.
IF + PAST PERFECT
(condition)
PERFECT CONDITIONAL
(result)
If I had worked harder, I would have passed the exam.
S + would + have + V3
(but I didn’t work hard, and I didn’t pass the exam)

8. Exercise
1. If my father gets seriously ill, I ……. (bring) him to the hospital.
2. If I ……. (win) the lottery, I would go on a vacation to Paris.
3. You would be happier if you ……. (marry) Peter.
4. If you ....... (mix) blue and yellow, you get green.
5. I ……. (bring) you something to drink if I had known that you were
thirsty

9. Any Question?