A quality management system (QMS) is defined as a formalized system that documents processes, procedures, and responsibilities for achieving quality policies and objectives. A QMS helps coordinate and direct an organization’s activities to meet customer and regulatory requirements and improve its effectiveness and efficiency on a continuous basis. This refers to the organization structure, responsibility, procedures, processes and resources needed to implement a comprehensive quality management programme. It comprises of collective policies, plans, practices and the supporting infrastructure by which an organization aims to reduce and eventually eliminate non-conformance to specifications, standards and customer expectations in the most cost effective and efficient manner.

1. Food Safety and Quality Systems, Laws and Management
FST 507
CONCEPTS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT:
Objectives, Importance and Functions of Quality Control and Quality Assurance
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Dr. Anil Kumar Chauhan Ananya Bhardwaj
Professor, DSFT, IAS, BHU 22412FST003

2. What is Quality?
● According to ISO, Quality is defined as “The totality of features and
characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy
stated or implied needs.
● The quality of something can be determined by comparing a set of inherent
characteristics with a set of requirements. If those inherent characteristics
meet all requirements, high or excellent quality is achieved. If those
characteristics do not meet all requirements, a low or poor level of quality
is achieved.
● Quality is, therefore, a question of degree.
● The quality of something depends on a set of inherent characteristics and a
set of requirements and how well the former complies with the latter.
● Quality is always relative to a set of requirements.

3. What is Quality Management?
● Quality management includes all the activities that organizations use to direct, control,
and coordinate quality. These activities include formulating a quality policy and setting
quality objectives.
● Quality management is the act of overseeing all activities and tasks needed to maintain a
desired level of excellence.
● Quality management includes the determination of a quality policy, creating and
implementing quality planning and assurance, quality control and quality improvement.
● Quality management is focused not only on product and service quality, but also on the
means to achieve it.
● Quality management, therefore, uses quality assurance and control of processes as well as
products to achieve more consistent quality.

4. HISTORY OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT
● The concept of ‘quality’ has existed for many years, though the meaning has changed and
evolved over time. In the early twentieth century, quality management meant inspecting
products to ensure that they met specifications. In the 1940s, during World War II, quality
became more statistical in nature. Statistical sampling techniques were used to evaluate
quality, and quality control charts were used to monitor the production process.
● In the 1960s, with the help of so-called ‘quality gurus’, the concept took on a broader
meaning. Quality began to be viewed as something that encompassed the entire
organization, not only the production process. Since all functions were responsible for
product quality and all shared the costs of poor quality and finally quality was considered as
a concept that affected the entire organization.

5. ● Today, successful companies understand that quality provides a competitive advantage.
They put the customer first and define quality as meeting or exceeding customer
expectations. Since the 1970s, competition based on quality has grown in importance
and has generated tremendous interest, concern, and enthusiasm. Companies in every
line of business are focusing on improving quality in order to be more competitive. In
many industries quality excellence has become a standard for doing business.
Companies that do not meet this standard simply will not survive. The term used for
today’s new concept of quality is total quality management or TQM. One can see that
the old concept is reactive, designed to correct quality problems after they occur. The
new concept is proactive, designed to build quality into the product and process.

6. What is Quality Management System?
● A quality management system (QMS) is defined as a formalized system that documents
processes, procedures, and responsibilities for achieving quality policies and objectives.
● A QMS helps coordinate and direct an organization’s activities to meet customer and
regulatory requirements and improve its effectiveness and efficiency on a continuous
basis.
● This refers to the organization structure, responsibility, procedures, processes and resources
needed to implement a comprehensive quality management programme.
● It comprises of collective policies, plans, practices and the supporting infrastructure by
which an organization aims to reduce and eventually eliminate non-conformance to
specifications, standards and customer expectations in the most cost effective and efficient
manner.

7. ● A QMS enables an organisation to achieve the goals and objectives set out in its policy
and strategy. It provides consistency and satisfaction in terms of methods, materials,
equipment, etc., and interacts with all activities of the organisation, beginning with the
identification of customer requirements and ending with their satisfaction, at every
transaction interface.
● Management systems are needed in all areas of activity whether large or small
businesses, manufacturing, service or public sector. The Quality Management System
has been developed to comply with regulatory, industry and customer quality
requirements imposed by customers or regulatory agencies for items and services. A
good QMS will ensure the following in organisation:
(i) Set direction and meet customers’ expectations, (ii) Improve process control, (iii)
Reduce wastage, (iv) Lower costs, (v) Increase market share, (vi) Facilitate training, (vii)
Involve staff and raises morale

8. BENEFITS OF QMS
Implementing a quality management system affects every aspect of an organization's performance. Benefits
of a documented quality management system include:
● Meeting the customer’s requirements, which helps to instill confidence in the organization, in turn
leading to more customers, more sales, and more repeat business.
● Meeting the organization's requirements, which ensures compliance with regulations and provision
of products and services in the most cost- and resource-efficient manner, creating room for expansion,
growth, and profit.
These benefits offer additional advantages, including:
1. Defining, improving, and controlling processes
2. Reducing waste
3. Preventing mistakes
4. Lowering costs
5. Facilitating and identifying training opportunities
6. Engaging staff
7. Setting organization-wide direction
8. Communicating a readiness to produce consistent results

10. QMS in Food Industry
● Regular testing at critical points along the supply chain with targeted, specific testing
methods is the first line of defense for verifying that process control systems are working
(Everstine et al., 2013).
● Worldwide, several food quality management systems are available, for example, Hazard
Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), International Organization for
Standardization (ISO 9000), British Retail Consortium Global Standards, and Food
Safety System Certification (FSSC 22000). These systems guide manufacturers to
implement and manage an effective food quality and safety program. Global food
manufacturers have established the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI). The GFSI has
set requirements for food safety schemes through a benchmarking process in order to
improve cost efficiency throughout the food supply chain (Hoorfar et al., 2011).

11. COMPONENTS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS

12. QUALITY PLANNING
● Quality planning involves setting quality objectives and then
specifying the operational processes and resources that will be
needed to achieve those objectives. Quality planning is one part of
quality management.
● Quality plan: A quality plan is a document that is used to specify the
procedures and resources that will be needed to carry out a project,
perform a process, realize a product, or manage a contract. Quality
plans also specify who will do what and when
● It is the first step of quality management. One need to take the time to
identify the goals and what the baseline to be, determination of quality
standards, the requirements necessary to meet these standards, and
what procedures will be used to check that these criteria are being met.

13. QUALITY ASSURANCE
● According to ISO, Quality Assurance can be defined as "The
assembly of all planned and systematic actions necessary to
provide adequate confidence that a product, process, or
service will satisfy given quality requirements."
● Quality assurance is a set of activities intended to establish
confidence that quality requirements will be met. QA is one
part of quality management.
● Quality assurance is a process-driven approach with specific
steps to help define and attain goals. This process considers
design, development, implementation and evaluation.
● Quality assurance has become a necessary component of the
food business with the adoption of analysis and control
systems for food quality.

14. OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE
1. Meeting agreed customer requirements.
2. Meeting regularity and any other requirements for service
realization – in accordance with established SOPs, policies,
processes, and legislation.
3. To enable internal and external parties – including accreditation
bodies to assess the organization's ability to meet requirements.
4. Identifying opportunities for improvement (OFI’s) through
quality control and evaluation.
5. Minimizing the impact and consequence of poor quality
6. Minimizing the impact and consequence of risk.
7. Identifying new opportunities for development to ensure
continuous growth.

15. ● According to ISO, Quality control is defined as “The set of activities
intended to ensure that quality requirements are actually being
met”. QC is one part of quality management.
● Quality control relies on testing of products, as product inspection
gives a clearer picture of the quality of the end product. There are
different standards available for quality control.
● Quality control involves testing units and determining if they are
within the specifications for the final product. The purpose of the
testing is to determine any needs for corrective actions in the
manufacturing process.
● Good quality control helps companies meet consumer demands for
better products.
● Quality control is concerned with the control of quality of the
product during the process of production. It aims at achieving the
predetermined level of quality in a product.

16. OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF QUALITY CONTROL
● To establish the desired quality standards which are
acceptable to the customers.
● To discover flaws or variations in the raw materials and the
manufacturing processes in order to ensure smooth and
uninterrupted production.
● To evaluate the methods and processes of production and
suggest further improvements in their functioning.
● To study and determine the extent of quality deviation in a
product during the manufacturing process and To analyse
in detail the causes responsible for such deviation.
● To undertake such steps which are helpful in achieving the
desired quality of the product.

17. QUALITY ASSURANCE Vs QUALITY CONTROL
1. Quality Assurance is a part of quality
management ”focused on providing confidence
that quality requirements will be fulfilled."
2. Main objective of quality assurance is to prevent defects
and mistakes.
3. Process oriented – directly related to the systematic and
planned activities involved in making the product.
4. Involves managing quality by defining the processes,
strategies, and policies, developing checklists, and
establishing standards that need to be followed
throughout the course of the project.
5. Preventive technique and pro-active measure.
6. Responsibility of all the individuals involved in
developing the product or service.
7. Managerial Tool and a long term process.
1. Quality Control is a "part of quality
management focused on fulfilling quality
requirements."
2. Main goal of quality control is to fix defects after first
identifying them.
3. Product oriented – related to the operational activities
as well as techniques that are used to inspect and
ensure that requirements of quality have been met.
4. Involves following the set guidelines as the project
progresses and products are being made to verify
quality, discover defects and correct them.
5. Corrective technique and reactive measure
6. Responsibility of a particular team that tests the
product or service to check for bugs and fixes them.
7. Operational tool and a short term process.

19. QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
● Quality improvement refers to anything that enhances an
organization's ability to meet quality requirements. Quality
improvement is one part of quality management.
● Quality improvement involves a systematic approach to
improving a system by paying attention to structural causes
and solutions.
● It is aimed at changing people, processes, and resources in
order to bring them to a higher level of quality performance
and into “new zones of control”.
● Quality control management is fruitless if one is not willing
to make changes when they are necessary. The desire for
continual improvement is the goal for every successful
company.

20. The PDCA cycle is important for quality management,as it enables the organization to ensure that its
processes are resourced adequately, managed in practice, and analyzed for improvement opportunities
that may be acted upon.

21. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)
● Total quality management (TQM) is the
continual process of detecting and reducing or
eliminating errors in manufacturing,
streamlining supply chain management,
improving the customer experience, and
ensuring that employees are up to speed with
training.
● Total quality management aims to hold all
parties involved in the production process
accountable for the overall quality of the final
product or service
● The focus is to improve the quality of an
organization's outputs, including goods and
services, through the continual improvement of
internal practices.

22. CONCLUSION
● Quality consists of those product features that meet the needs of customers and thereby provide product satisfaction.
● Quality management comprises of- Quality Planning, Quality Assurance, Quality Control and Quality Improvement.
● Quality planning involves developing the products, systems, and processes needed to meet or exceed customer expectations.
● Quality Control asseses the actual quality performance, compare performance with goals, and act on differences between
performance and goals.
● Quality Assurance comprises all the planned and systematic activities implemented within the quality system that can be
demonstrated to provide confidence that a product or service will fulfill requirements for quality.
● Quality improvement is an ongoing activity that never ends and involves to develop the infrastructure necessary to make annual
quality improvements, Identify specific areas in need of improvement, and implement improvement projects. It also establish a
project team with responsibility for completing each improvement projects.
● Total quality management (TQM) is a participative, systematic approach to planning and implementing a continuous
organizational improvement process. Its approach is focused on satisfying customers' expectations, identifying problems,
building commitment, and promoting open decision-making among workers.

23. REFERENCES
1. Anjard, R. P. (1998). Total quality management: key concepts. Work study, 47(7),
238-247.
2. Nanda, V. (2005). Quality management system handbook for product development
companies. CRC press.
3. Luning, P. A., Marcelis, W. J., & Jongen, W. M. (2002). Food quality management: a
techno-managerial approach. Wageningen Pers.
4. Weckenmann, A., Akkasoglu, G., & Werner, T. (2015). Quality management–history
and trends. The TQM Journal, 27(3), 281-293.

24. THANK YOU!!!