This document provides a concept of operations for Microlaunchers LLC's ML-1 small launch vehicle. It describes the vehicle's 3 stages that can place a 200 gram payload on an escape trajectory. Support equipment needed at the launch site includes a launch stand, access towers, cranes, liquid oxygen and fuel storage, safety equipment, shelter, transportation, and power generation. Example operations involve payload preparation, transporting the vehicle to the site, fueling and checkouts, mission control monitoring from launch until the payload is released on its trajectory.
The document describes the Falcon 9 reusable launch vehicle developed by SpaceX. Key details include:
- Falcon 9 is designed to be reusable through vertical landing of the first stage.
- It uses liquid oxygen and rocket-grade kerosene as propellants for its two stages.
- The first successful vertical landing of the first stage occurred in December 2015.
- Reusability is aimed at substantially reducing the cost of space access.
Satellites orbit objects like planets to perform various missions. They have orbits that are either geostationary, asynchronous, or polar. Rockets are used to launch satellites into orbit and have multiple stages powered by liquid or solid propellant engines. The first stage provides maximum thrust at launch while subsequent stages have lower thrust and place the satellite into its proper transfer orbit using liquid or cryogenic engines before the final apogee kick motor releases it onto its mission orbit. Precise propulsion, communication, electrical power, and computer systems are required for successful satellite launch and operation in space.
Information regarding SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM {SPACE SHUTTLE} and its Robotic arm , THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM With upcoming ORION(MPCV).
POINT OF TALK:
1.Introduction to space shuttle.
2.Description
3. photo with parts and TILES(TPS)
4. Various stages from takeoff to landing
5.COLLECTING OF EXTERNAL TANK
6.ROBOTIC ARM OF SPACE SHUTTLE
7.SPACE SHUTTLE DURING RE-ENTRY
8.THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM
9.REUSABLE CERAMIC TILES
10.COMPOSITION OF TILES
11.TESTING OF TILES
12..ORION MPCV
The document proposes developing a miniature low-cost launch system called Microlaunchers to help advance space access technology. It would use a three-stage launch vehicle with each stage powered by staged combustion engines. The first stage would be recoverable via gliding to enable frequent low-cost launches. Future goals include developing small payloads to flyby asteroids and land on Near Earth Objects to gain navigational experience and advance capabilities. Developing the system incrementally and through partnerships is suggested.
The document provides details about SpaceX's Falcon 9 Reusable (F9R) launch vehicle. It describes the key aspects of the F9R including its first and second stages, 9-engine configuration, reusable first stage capabilities using landing legs and grid fins, payload capabilities, and upcoming missions. The goal of the F9R is to revolutionize space access by providing a fully and rapidly reusable rocket to substantially reduce launch costs.
The document discusses reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) which aim to reduce the high costs of space launches by recovering and reusing rocket components. Currently, 40% of launch costs come from building non-reusable rockets. RLVs could reduce costs by a factor of 100 by recovering first stage boosters, similar to how SpaceX has landed its Falcon 9 rocket boosters. The document outlines the history of rockets, compares conventional expendable launch vehicles to reusable ones, and describes the key components and launch process of an RLV. It discusses challenges of RLVs like heat stresses during flight and challenges of vertical landing, but notes the technology is feasible and could make space travel more routine and affordable.
The document describes the Falcon 9 reusable launch vehicle developed by SpaceX. Key details include:
- Falcon 9 is designed to be reusable through vertical landing of the first stage.
- It uses liquid oxygen and rocket-grade kerosene as propellants for its two stages.
- The first successful vertical landing of the first stage occurred in December 2015.
- Reusability is aimed at substantially reducing the cost of space access.
Satellites orbit objects like planets to perform various missions. They have orbits that are either geostationary, asynchronous, or polar. Rockets are used to launch satellites into orbit and have multiple stages powered by liquid or solid propellant engines. The first stage provides maximum thrust at launch while subsequent stages have lower thrust and place the satellite into its proper transfer orbit using liquid or cryogenic engines before the final apogee kick motor releases it onto its mission orbit. Precise propulsion, communication, electrical power, and computer systems are required for successful satellite launch and operation in space.
Information regarding SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM {SPACE SHUTTLE} and its Robotic arm , THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM With upcoming ORION(MPCV).
POINT OF TALK:
1.Introduction to space shuttle.
2.Description
3. photo with parts and TILES(TPS)
4. Various stages from takeoff to landing
5.COLLECTING OF EXTERNAL TANK
6.ROBOTIC ARM OF SPACE SHUTTLE
7.SPACE SHUTTLE DURING RE-ENTRY
8.THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM
9.REUSABLE CERAMIC TILES
10.COMPOSITION OF TILES
11.TESTING OF TILES
12..ORION MPCV
The document proposes developing a miniature low-cost launch system called Microlaunchers to help advance space access technology. It would use a three-stage launch vehicle with each stage powered by staged combustion engines. The first stage would be recoverable via gliding to enable frequent low-cost launches. Future goals include developing small payloads to flyby asteroids and land on Near Earth Objects to gain navigational experience and advance capabilities. Developing the system incrementally and through partnerships is suggested.
The document provides details about SpaceX's Falcon 9 Reusable (F9R) launch vehicle. It describes the key aspects of the F9R including its first and second stages, 9-engine configuration, reusable first stage capabilities using landing legs and grid fins, payload capabilities, and upcoming missions. The goal of the F9R is to revolutionize space access by providing a fully and rapidly reusable rocket to substantially reduce launch costs.
The document discusses reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) which aim to reduce the high costs of space launches by recovering and reusing rocket components. Currently, 40% of launch costs come from building non-reusable rockets. RLVs could reduce costs by a factor of 100 by recovering first stage boosters, similar to how SpaceX has landed its Falcon 9 rocket boosters. The document outlines the history of rockets, compares conventional expendable launch vehicles to reusable ones, and describes the key components and launch process of an RLV. It discusses challenges of RLVs like heat stresses during flight and challenges of vertical landing, but notes the technology is feasible and could make space travel more routine and affordable.
ISRO is developing a reusable launch vehicle technology demonstrator (RLV-TD) to test technologies for reusable two-stage orbital launch systems. The RLV-TD will be launched on a solid booster and glide back to land on a runway, testing hypersonic flight and autonomous landing capabilities. Wind tunnel testing of designs has been completed. The first flight experiment (HEX) will involve ocean recovery of telemetry data, followed by additional tests to validate powered cruise flight and horizontal runway landing (LEX), and eventually orbital demonstrations. The RLV-TD launch is planned for 2014 and aims to significantly reduce the cost of launching payloads to space.
A presentation file for Space shuttles & advancement for seminar purposes.
Information is collected from various websites including nasa.gov.in,wikipedia,space.com.
Falcon Heavy is SpaceX's heavy-lift launch vehicle that has the highest payload capacity of any currently operational rocket. It consists of three Falcon 9 rocket cores whose 27 Merlin engines together generate over 5 million pounds of thrust. Falcon Heavy can lift over 64 metric tons to low Earth orbit, more than any other operational vehicle, at one-third the cost of its closest competitor. It is partially reusable and designed to carry humans into space and enable missions to the Moon and Mars.
This presentation briefly reviews the history of Reusable Launch Vehicle development and reuse techniques. The presentation considers a range of techniques for recovery and reuse of launch vehicles. Various different concepts of reusability have been discussed. The economics of reuse and the advantages of this technology is also presented.
1. The space shuttle was a partially reusable
low earth orbital spacecraft system that was
operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S.
2. Primary objective is to improve access to space
3. flight was april 1981 with astronauts young
and crippen
4. Has flown approximately 100 missions carrying
1.5 million pounds of cargo and over 600 major
payloads
Falcon heavy Reusable Launch Vehicle- SpaceXAshish Singh
Falcon Heavy is the most powerful operational rocket in the world by a factor of two. With the ability to lift into orbit nearly 64 metric tons (141,000 lb)---a mass greater than a 737 jetliner loaded with passengers, crew, luggage and fuel--Falcon Heavy can lift more than twice the payload of the next closest operational vehicle, the Delta IV Heavy, at one-third the cost. Falcon Heavy draws upon the proven heritage and reliability of Falcon 9.
Its first stage is composed of three Falcon 9 nine-engine cores whose 27 Merlin engines together generate more than 5 million pounds of thrust at liftoff, equal to approximately eighteen 747 aircraft. Only the Saturn V moon rocket, last flown in 1973, delivered more payload to orbit. Falcon Heavy was designed from the outset to carry humans into space and restores the possibility of flying missions with crew to the Moon or Mars.
SpaceX’s Falcon 9 and Blue Origin Reusable Launch Vehicles are designed not only to withstand re-entry but also to return to the launch pad or ocean landing site for a vertical landing. Reusable rocket is the pivotal breakthrough needed to substantially reduce the cost of space access and make human multi-planet species
The document discusses India's GSLV Mark-III heavy lift launch vehicle. It has three stages - two solid rocket boosters as the first stage, a liquid propellant core as the second stage, and a cryogenic upper stage as the third stage. The document outlines the key features and thrust of each stage. It notes that the successful test of the CARE module, which separated from the cryogenic stage and landed safely, verifies technologies for ISRO's human spaceflight program to send astronauts into low Earth orbit. The first orbital flight of GSLV Mark-III is planned for 2016.
Pictures of SpaceX's Rockets and SpacecraftsJoshua Miranda
SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft. The company was founded in 2002 to revolutionize space technology, with the ultimate goal of enabling people to live on other planets.
India began developing launch vehicles in the 1970s, starting with the SLV-3 experimental satellite launch vehicle. The Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) was successfully launched in 1992. Key vehicles developed include the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). The PSLV has had 24 consecutive successful flights out of 25 launches and can launch satellites into sun-synchronous and geo-synchronous orbits. The GSLV can launch 2-2.5 tonne satellites into geo-synchronous transfer orbit, with 4 successful flights out of 7. India is also developing the larger GSLV Mark III to enable launching of heavier 4.5-5 tonne satellites.
The document is a report submitted by Suraj Kumar, a mechanical engineering student, to his professor at Bhagwant University. It discusses Suraj Kumar's industrial training experience at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW). It provides an overview of CLW, including its history, production of electric locomotives since 1961, quality certification, environmental policies and initiatives, and descriptions of locomotive components such as the roof, driver cabin, and bogie.
This document provides information about various locomotive sheds and their locations across different railway zones in India. It discusses the type of locomotives maintained at each shed, along with some background details. The zones covered include Western, North Western, Central and others. Information about workshops located in different cities that provide periodic overhauls is also mentioned.
Manoj Kumar presented on his practical training at the OCO and Wagon Workshop in Ajmer from May 7 to July 6, 2018. The presentation covered:
1. An introduction to the Indian Railways network and its operations.
2. The nomenclature used for locomotives and an overview of diesel locomotives, including their prime movers, fuel storage, transmission mechanisms, and control and braking systems.
3. Descriptions of different locomotive types like the WDM2, WDG3A, and WDP3A along with their specifications.
4. An overview of the wagon and freight vehicle maintenance work done at the bogie, wheel, and wagon rebuilding shops.
The document is an industrial training report on diesel locomotive technology submitted by Shivam Prajapati. It includes an acknowledgement, contents listing the topics covered in the report such as the introduction of Indian Railways, diesel locomotive shed in Charbagh, diesel electric locomotive components, fuel section, lube oil control section, turbosupercharger, fuel oil pump, bogie, air brake, traction motor, generator, power pack, and failure analysis. It also includes diagrams to illustrate parts of the locomotive like the fuel tank and turbosupercharger.
Este documento describe varias redes sociales populares como Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Hi5, Orkut, Ning, LinkedIn y YouTube. Explica brevemente los orígenes, características y número de usuarios de cada red social.
El documento presenta información cronológica en formato tabular. Se muestra un evento en 2005 y otro en 2007, sin mayores detalles sobre el contenido o significado de dichos eventos.
hi5 es una red social fundada en 2003. Actualmente tiene más de 70 millones de usuarios registrados, principalmente en América Latina. Los usuarios pueden personalizar sus perfiles con fotos, amigos ilimitados, comentarios, y aplicaciones como iLike. Aunque sigue siendo popular en Perú, ha ido perdiendo usuarios frente a Facebook en los últimos años.
Twitter es un servicio de microblogging que permite a los usuarios enviar y leer mensajes de texto de hasta 140 caracteres llamados "tweets". Los usuarios pueden publicar tweets desde la página web de Twitter o aplicaciones móviles y recibir los tweets de otros usuarios a los que siguen. Twitter ganó popularidad rápidamente después de su lanzamiento en 2006 y ahora tiene cientos de millones de usuarios a nivel mundial.
Este documento presenta los planes para remodelar el área SUBWAY Los Yoses mediante la adición de un deck. Incluye secciones sobre el concepto, diseño con plantas arquitectónicas y vistas, renders del diseño propuesto, un video walkthrough, y un estimado de costos que detalla los materiales a utilizarse.
Las 3 principales acequias de Chiclayo, La Cois, Yortuque y la Pulen, se han convertido en un peligro para la salud pública debido a altos niveles de contaminación. La contaminación se debe al uso inadecuado de las acequias como lavaderos y al vertido de desechos domésticos de las precarias viviendas circundantes. Además, las acequias no cuentan con protecciones ni con la capacidad para mitigar desastres, lo que pone en riesgo a los residentes locales. Se necesita educación ambient
Facebook comenzó como una red social para estudiantes de la Universidad de Harvard creada por Mark Zuckerberg y sus compañeros. Ahora es un sitio abierto a cualquier persona con una cuenta de correo electrónico que permite a los usuarios conectarse basados en la escuela, el trabajo o la ubicación geográfica. La compañía tiene su sede en California y creció rápidamente, rechazando una oferta de compra de $750 millones.
ISRO is developing a reusable launch vehicle technology demonstrator (RLV-TD) to test technologies for reusable two-stage orbital launch systems. The RLV-TD will be launched on a solid booster and glide back to land on a runway, testing hypersonic flight and autonomous landing capabilities. Wind tunnel testing of designs has been completed. The first flight experiment (HEX) will involve ocean recovery of telemetry data, followed by additional tests to validate powered cruise flight and horizontal runway landing (LEX), and eventually orbital demonstrations. The RLV-TD launch is planned for 2014 and aims to significantly reduce the cost of launching payloads to space.
A presentation file for Space shuttles & advancement for seminar purposes.
Information is collected from various websites including nasa.gov.in,wikipedia,space.com.
Falcon Heavy is SpaceX's heavy-lift launch vehicle that has the highest payload capacity of any currently operational rocket. It consists of three Falcon 9 rocket cores whose 27 Merlin engines together generate over 5 million pounds of thrust. Falcon Heavy can lift over 64 metric tons to low Earth orbit, more than any other operational vehicle, at one-third the cost of its closest competitor. It is partially reusable and designed to carry humans into space and enable missions to the Moon and Mars.
This presentation briefly reviews the history of Reusable Launch Vehicle development and reuse techniques. The presentation considers a range of techniques for recovery and reuse of launch vehicles. Various different concepts of reusability have been discussed. The economics of reuse and the advantages of this technology is also presented.
1. The space shuttle was a partially reusable
low earth orbital spacecraft system that was
operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S.
2. Primary objective is to improve access to space
3. flight was april 1981 with astronauts young
and crippen
4. Has flown approximately 100 missions carrying
1.5 million pounds of cargo and over 600 major
payloads
Falcon heavy Reusable Launch Vehicle- SpaceXAshish Singh
Falcon Heavy is the most powerful operational rocket in the world by a factor of two. With the ability to lift into orbit nearly 64 metric tons (141,000 lb)---a mass greater than a 737 jetliner loaded with passengers, crew, luggage and fuel--Falcon Heavy can lift more than twice the payload of the next closest operational vehicle, the Delta IV Heavy, at one-third the cost. Falcon Heavy draws upon the proven heritage and reliability of Falcon 9.
Its first stage is composed of three Falcon 9 nine-engine cores whose 27 Merlin engines together generate more than 5 million pounds of thrust at liftoff, equal to approximately eighteen 747 aircraft. Only the Saturn V moon rocket, last flown in 1973, delivered more payload to orbit. Falcon Heavy was designed from the outset to carry humans into space and restores the possibility of flying missions with crew to the Moon or Mars.
SpaceX’s Falcon 9 and Blue Origin Reusable Launch Vehicles are designed not only to withstand re-entry but also to return to the launch pad or ocean landing site for a vertical landing. Reusable rocket is the pivotal breakthrough needed to substantially reduce the cost of space access and make human multi-planet species
The document discusses India's GSLV Mark-III heavy lift launch vehicle. It has three stages - two solid rocket boosters as the first stage, a liquid propellant core as the second stage, and a cryogenic upper stage as the third stage. The document outlines the key features and thrust of each stage. It notes that the successful test of the CARE module, which separated from the cryogenic stage and landed safely, verifies technologies for ISRO's human spaceflight program to send astronauts into low Earth orbit. The first orbital flight of GSLV Mark-III is planned for 2016.
Pictures of SpaceX's Rockets and SpacecraftsJoshua Miranda
SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft. The company was founded in 2002 to revolutionize space technology, with the ultimate goal of enabling people to live on other planets.
India began developing launch vehicles in the 1970s, starting with the SLV-3 experimental satellite launch vehicle. The Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) was successfully launched in 1992. Key vehicles developed include the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). The PSLV has had 24 consecutive successful flights out of 25 launches and can launch satellites into sun-synchronous and geo-synchronous orbits. The GSLV can launch 2-2.5 tonne satellites into geo-synchronous transfer orbit, with 4 successful flights out of 7. India is also developing the larger GSLV Mark III to enable launching of heavier 4.5-5 tonne satellites.
The document is a report submitted by Suraj Kumar, a mechanical engineering student, to his professor at Bhagwant University. It discusses Suraj Kumar's industrial training experience at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW). It provides an overview of CLW, including its history, production of electric locomotives since 1961, quality certification, environmental policies and initiatives, and descriptions of locomotive components such as the roof, driver cabin, and bogie.
This document provides information about various locomotive sheds and their locations across different railway zones in India. It discusses the type of locomotives maintained at each shed, along with some background details. The zones covered include Western, North Western, Central and others. Information about workshops located in different cities that provide periodic overhauls is also mentioned.
Manoj Kumar presented on his practical training at the OCO and Wagon Workshop in Ajmer from May 7 to July 6, 2018. The presentation covered:
1. An introduction to the Indian Railways network and its operations.
2. The nomenclature used for locomotives and an overview of diesel locomotives, including their prime movers, fuel storage, transmission mechanisms, and control and braking systems.
3. Descriptions of different locomotive types like the WDM2, WDG3A, and WDP3A along with their specifications.
4. An overview of the wagon and freight vehicle maintenance work done at the bogie, wheel, and wagon rebuilding shops.
The document is an industrial training report on diesel locomotive technology submitted by Shivam Prajapati. It includes an acknowledgement, contents listing the topics covered in the report such as the introduction of Indian Railways, diesel locomotive shed in Charbagh, diesel electric locomotive components, fuel section, lube oil control section, turbosupercharger, fuel oil pump, bogie, air brake, traction motor, generator, power pack, and failure analysis. It also includes diagrams to illustrate parts of the locomotive like the fuel tank and turbosupercharger.
Este documento describe varias redes sociales populares como Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Hi5, Orkut, Ning, LinkedIn y YouTube. Explica brevemente los orígenes, características y número de usuarios de cada red social.
El documento presenta información cronológica en formato tabular. Se muestra un evento en 2005 y otro en 2007, sin mayores detalles sobre el contenido o significado de dichos eventos.
hi5 es una red social fundada en 2003. Actualmente tiene más de 70 millones de usuarios registrados, principalmente en América Latina. Los usuarios pueden personalizar sus perfiles con fotos, amigos ilimitados, comentarios, y aplicaciones como iLike. Aunque sigue siendo popular en Perú, ha ido perdiendo usuarios frente a Facebook en los últimos años.
Twitter es un servicio de microblogging que permite a los usuarios enviar y leer mensajes de texto de hasta 140 caracteres llamados "tweets". Los usuarios pueden publicar tweets desde la página web de Twitter o aplicaciones móviles y recibir los tweets de otros usuarios a los que siguen. Twitter ganó popularidad rápidamente después de su lanzamiento en 2006 y ahora tiene cientos de millones de usuarios a nivel mundial.
Este documento presenta los planes para remodelar el área SUBWAY Los Yoses mediante la adición de un deck. Incluye secciones sobre el concepto, diseño con plantas arquitectónicas y vistas, renders del diseño propuesto, un video walkthrough, y un estimado de costos que detalla los materiales a utilizarse.
Las 3 principales acequias de Chiclayo, La Cois, Yortuque y la Pulen, se han convertido en un peligro para la salud pública debido a altos niveles de contaminación. La contaminación se debe al uso inadecuado de las acequias como lavaderos y al vertido de desechos domésticos de las precarias viviendas circundantes. Además, las acequias no cuentan con protecciones ni con la capacidad para mitigar desastres, lo que pone en riesgo a los residentes locales. Se necesita educación ambient
Facebook comenzó como una red social para estudiantes de la Universidad de Harvard creada por Mark Zuckerberg y sus compañeros. Ahora es un sitio abierto a cualquier persona con una cuenta de correo electrónico que permite a los usuarios conectarse basados en la escuela, el trabajo o la ubicación geográfica. La compañía tiene su sede en California y creció rápidamente, rechazando una oferta de compra de $750 millones.
The document discusses drone delivery and its potential to disrupt last-mile delivery. It provides an overview of drone technology, including different types of drones, specifications, generations of delivery drones, and current players in the drone delivery market such as Amazon. Drone delivery can significantly reduce delivery times and costs while helping the environment by reducing emissions compared to conventional delivery vehicles. It also discusses how drone delivery is being used to save lives by delivering medical supplies in some parts of the world.
This report discusses the development of a drone concept for wildlife observation. Two design alternatives were developed and evaluated using decision matrices and prototype testing. The second alternative was selected for its better aerodynamics and lift-to-drag ratio. A prototype of the second design was built and launch tested, with results showing discrepancies from modeled predictions likely due to modeling assumptions. The team developed requirements, evaluated designs, built and tested a prototype to create a drone concept for wildlife photography.
SpinLaunch is developing a new kinetic launch system that uses a large centrifuge to accelerate payloads to hypersonic speeds before launch, reducing the need for chemical rockets by 70%. The system works by spinning a payload up to 5,000 mph inside a large vacuum chamber and then releasing it. A small rocket then provides the final boost to orbit. SpinLaunch successfully tested a 1/3 scale prototype in 2021, launching a projectile tens of thousands of feet into the atmosphere. If successful at full scale, the system could reduce launch costs by 20-fold to $500,000 per launch and allow for more frequent daily launches compared to conventional rockets. However, payloads will be limited to around 440 pounds and the g
This document provides a conceptual design for an unmanned aerial system called High Voltage to compete in the Airbus Cargo Drone Challenge. The design uses a twin-boom inverted V-tail configuration optimized for safety, reliability, ease of maintenance and high turnaround rate. Key features include vertical takeoff and landing capability using 8 motors, a parachute recovery system, modular battery and payload compartments, and extensive use of composites. The design was selected after evaluating configurations based on figures of merit prioritizing safety, maintenance costs, and profitability to enable widespread commercial adoption.
Hyper Loop And Engro Coal Power ( National And International Projects Final R...RebekahSamuel2
This document provides an overview of two projects - the International Hyper Loop Project and the National Engro Coal Power Project. For the Hyper Loop Project, it discusses the objectives, need and importance of reducing travel times, and provides details on key milestones, routes being considered worldwide, and companies involved in developing the technology. It also includes the project charter outlining goals and deliverables. For the Engro Coal Power Project, it briefly introduces the objectives and need for the project in Thar and notes the scope will involve working phases, constructions and a public private partnership, but provides few other details.
2 Abstract generation of Mas rover will be li.docxherminaprocter
2
Abstract
generation of Mas rover will be limited by constraints of Martian topography,
and thereby would benefit from knowing viable routes prior to dispatch. In addition to the rover,
an aircraft is being sent with the Mars 2020 mission to prove the merit of flight on Mars and
to attempt scouting traversable paths. A coaxial helicopter design has been selected to meet the
needs of the mission without exceeding volumetric limitations of interplanetary
transport. By opting for a rotocopter design, the scout can only generate lift as a function of
propeller thrust and is unable to traverse more than six-hundred meters due to the power necessary
to maintain lift in the low-density Martian atmosphere. Route information recovered
from missions would be limited by such short-range flight. To optimize mission range, a tilt-
rotor aircraft with collapsible fixed-wings has been devised. Uniting short
takeoff/landing rotorcraft capabilities with the increased range of fixed-wing airplanes creates an
optimal performance profile for an exploratory scout. Rather than relying on propeller-thrust to
generate lift after takeoff, a tiltrotor aircraft will achieve high forward velocity by rotating
the direction of thrust from vertical to forward oriented. As forward velocity increases, a fixed
wing, designed for ultra-low Reynolds number conditions, generates the lift required for cruise
flight. To combat volumetric constraints, the wing is collapsible, reducing its footprint in
transit. the combination of lift generation methods has the potential to advance the extent of
exploratory missions beyond what is currently possible, accelerating timelines and saving money
simultaneously.
3
Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 6
2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Motivation ..................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.3 Stakeholder needs ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.4 State of the Art .............................................................................................................................. 8
2.5 Approach ............................................................................................................................................. 8
3. Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Materials ..............
2 Abstract generation of Mas rover will be li.docxnovabroom
This document describes the design of a tiltrotor drone with a collapsible fixed wing for Mars reconnaissance missions. Such a drone aims to optimize flight range by using tiltrotors for takeoff and landing like a helicopter, but converting to fixed-wing flight at high speeds for increased efficiency and range. The design incorporates a lightweight foldable wing to meet size constraints of launch vehicles while gaining aerodynamic benefits of fixed wings. The goal is to allow for longer surveillance missions to map terrain and scout routes for rovers beyond what is currently possible with short-range helicopter drones.
The document provides an overview of the V-22 tiltrotor aircraft. It can fly like an airplane for long-range cruise flight and takeoff/land vertically like a helicopter. Key advantages include twice the speed, range, and altitude of a helicopter. It is designed for missions requiring long-distance travel and vertical takeoff/landing. The V-22 entered production in the late 1990s and was intended to support missions for the Marine Corps, Navy, and special operations forces.
Rapid Development of a Rotorcraft UAV System - AHS Tech Specialists Meeting 2005Mark Hardesty
This document summarizes the development of a rotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system by Boeing Phantom Works over less than one year. They selected the MD 530F helicopter due to its performance capabilities and military counterpart. The design integrated commercial off-the-shelf hardware and proprietary Boeing flight control software. Bench and flight testing were prioritized to rapidly expand the flight envelope from initial engagement of the electrical flight controls to autonomous takeoffs, landings and navigation. The manual override capability allowed high-risk prototype systems to be safely tested.
This document describes the design and development of an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) created by students at M.A. College of Engineering in Kothamangalam, India. The UUV was designed to be low-cost so that it could be affordable and accessible to more users. It uses brushless motors and an Arduino controller. The UUV has a camera for monitoring underwater environments and a robotic arm for collecting samples. It is remotely controlled via Bluetooth from a floating buoy connected by an Ethernet cable. The UUV was created to allow for more affordable underwater exploration and research compared to existing remote operated vehicles.
(Powerpoint presentation)line following automated guided vehicle using hoverc...Abhyuday Raj Sinha
This document describes a line following automated guided vehicle that uses a hovercraft mechanism. Key aspects include:
1) It uses propellers powered by a lithium polymer battery to inflate a skirt and create air pressure to lift the vehicle above the ground in a frictionless manner for transportation of loads.
2) Infrared and ultrasonic sensors are used to allow the vehicle to follow a line and detect obstacles to move autonomously without collisions.
3) The vehicle is programmed using C language code to provide autonomous control and is presented as a potential economical alternative to traditional material handling vehicles.
The document describes a student project on the retraction of an aircraft's landing gear with position indication. It includes certificates signed by students and guides certifying that the project was completed and satisfies academic requirements. The project involves designing, building, and testing a model of an aircraft landing gear system that can retract and include indicators for the position of the gear.
The document provides details on redesigning a gopher tortoise scoping system. It discusses:
1) Requirements for the redesign including making the system smaller, more maneuverable, able to capture video/photos, and withstand weather.
2) Design objectives like withstanding temperatures from 0-100°F, fitting in a backpack under 50 lbs, and navigating small 4-6 inch burrows.
3) Exploration of design options including using a Raspberry Pi, gamepad, camera, battery, motors, and enclosure to make a portable, durable system that improves on previous designs.
Hyper Loop And Engro Coal Power ( National And International Projects Final R...RebekahSamuel2
This document provides information about two projects - an international hyper loop project and a national Engro coal power project in Pakistan. For the hyper loop project, it discusses the background and objectives of hyper loop technology, how it works by reducing friction through near-vacuum tubes and magnetic levitation, and some of the companies developing it including Hyperloop One and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies. It also outlines some proposed routes under consideration. For the Engro coal power project, it introduces the project and outlines its objectives and importance for providing power in Thar.
Hyper Loop And Engro Coal Power ( National And International Projects Final R...RebekahSamuel2
This document provides information about two projects - an international hyper loop project and a national Engro coal power project in Pakistan. For the hyper loop project, it discusses the background and objectives of hyper loop technology, how it works by reducing friction through near-vacuum tubes and magnetic levitation, and some of the companies developing it including Hyperloop One and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies. It also outlines some proposed routes under consideration. For the Engro coal power project, it introduces the project and outlines its objectives and importance for providing power in Thar.
1) The team designed a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) called Optimus for BP to be used for rapid deployment via helicopter or boat into shallow ocean environments.
2) The prototype ROV has a rectangular frame with four adjustable thrusters that allow for different configurations to optimize either speed or maneuverability. It meets all of BP's design specifications.
3) Initial testing showed the prototype ROV could reach a maximum speed of 0.5869 m/s, slower than estimated, likely due to issues with the adjustable ballast system. It completed a qualifying test run in 8 minutes and 30 seconds.
This document summarizes an advanced rocket motors technical seminar. It discusses the principle of operation of rocket engines including components like propellant, combustion chamber, ignition system, and nozzle. It describes different types of rocket engines such as solid-propellant, liquid-propellant, and hybrid engines. Solid engines provide large thrust simply but cannot be throttled while liquid engines can be throttled and restarted but are more complex. Hybrid engines combine benefits of solid and liquid engines with a solid fuel and liquid oxidizer. The seminar discusses applications and advantages and disadvantages of each type.
The document proposes the X-69 CargoSat space plane to deliver small satellites to low Earth orbit. It would have a crew of 2 and be able to carry 50 kg payloads. The space plane would launch from a mothership at speeds up to Mach 3.5-4.0 and deploy satellites in low Earth orbit before gliding back to land on a runway. Compared to rockets, the reusable space plane could provide more efficient and frequent delivery of small satellites without long wait times between launches.
The document discusses the Zero Emission Hyper Sonic Transport (ZEHST), a supersonic passenger airliner project envisioned to fly from London to Japan in less than 3 hours by 2050. It would use biofuel and oxygen/hydrogen propulsion systems, including turbofans for takeoff, rocket boosters, and under-wing supersonic ramjets to reach Mach 4 speeds. The document outlines the various propulsion systems, highlights design considerations like reducing risks through a holistic approach, and provides computer renderings of what the ZEHST may look like. It concludes that a holistic design process is essential to understand the challenges of such a radical concept.
The document discusses a feasibility study conducted by EADS Innovation Works and Astrium, in partnership with ONERA, for a future high-speed transport system called ZEHST. ZEHST aims to fly long-haul routes like Tokyo to Los Angeles in under 2.5 hours while having minimal environmental impact. The concept uses technologies from Astrium's spaceplane and studies how to meet performance and environmental requirements for high-speed commercial transport. Initial concepts propose using liquid hydrogen fuel and rocket engines to accelerate the aircraft to high speeds before switching to ramjet propulsion for cruise. Research topics include evaluating hydrogen fuel and reducing emissions and sonic booms.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
3. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
Contents
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 5
PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................... 5
CORPORATE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 5
CHAPTER 2 – ML-1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 6
Vehicle Performance ................................................................................................................................. 6
Vehicle Detailed Description ..................................................................................................................... 6
Stage 1................................................................................................................................................... 6
Stage 2................................................................................................................................................... 7
Stage 3................................................................................................................................................... 7
Safety System ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Chapter 3 – Example Launch Operations ...................................................................................................... 9
Preliminary Operations ............................................................................................................................. 9
Planning................................................................................................................................................. 9
Payload Preparation.............................................................................................................................. 9
Launch Day Operations ............................................................................................................................. 9
Transportation ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Unloading .............................................................................................................................................. 9
Preparation and Propellant Loading ................................................................................................... 10
Mission Control and Monitoring ......................................................................................................... 10
Flight.................................................................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 4 – Support Equipment ................................................................................................................. 12
Launch Stand ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Access Towers ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Cranes or Winches .................................................................................................................................. 13
LOX Storage and Transportation............................................................................................................. 13
Propane and Butane Storage .................................................................................................................. 14
Safety Equipment .................................................................................................................................... 14
Fire Fighting Equipment ...................................................................................................................... 14
Medical Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 14
Communications Equipment............................................................................................................... 15
Shelter ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
Transportation ........................................................................................................................................ 15
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
4. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
Stage Carriers .......................................................................................................................................... 15
Power Generation ................................................................................................................................... 16
Lights ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
Appendix A – Vehicle Statistics ................................................................................................................... 17
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
5. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE
The purpose of this document is to provide a basic concept of operations for Microlaunchers LLC ML-1
Launch Vehicle.
CORPORATE OVERVIEW
Microlaunchers LLC promises to change the way that space access is performed. With its unique
approach to launching small payloads into space, it promises to make space more accessible to many
more people by lowering costs and increasing launch frequency while giving payload operators greater
flexibility in where they go into space.
Key to this approach is a “start small” attitude that emphasizes starting with small launchers and small
spacecraft. The idea is that by starting small, there are increased opportunities for many disparate
groups to develop and acquire launch vehicle technology that can make space accessible and available.
Microlaunchers LLC provides products and services in support of this effort. Microlaunchers LLC’s role in
making this happen is to lead in the development of key technologies, make launch vehicle and
spacecraft components and systems commercially available and provide launch services with the
systems it has developed.
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
6. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
CHAPTER 2 – ML-1 Introduction
The Microlaunchers LLC ML-1 Launch Vehicle is a 3 stage launch vehicle designed to put a 200 gram
payload on an escape trajectory. Considering this amazing capability, it is relatively diminutive in size,
having a diameter of only 10 inches and an overall height of 24 feet. Manufactured by Microlaunchers
LLC, it is considered to be the flagship product in our small payload launch services.
Because it is relatively small, it can be launched from land or sea in a short period of time. It is small
enough to be transported to the site using a standard flat bed or box truck. Because the empty vehicle is
completely inert and uses no pyrotechnics, it can safely and legally be transported to its launch site
where it can be fueled and prepared for launch.
Vehicle Performance
The ML-1, with its three stages can lift a payload of up to 200
grams to an escape trajectory. This means that it has the ability
to send these payloads towards the moon or into orbit around
the sun. One benefit of this approach is that these small
payloads do not add to orbital debris problems because the
payload has gone beyond Earth orbit. Alternatively, as some
customers may desire, it is possible to put payloads of about 4.5
lbs into Low Earth Orbit. This vehicle can also launch much
larger payloads on suborbital sounding rocket trajectories.
The escape payload of 200 grams may seem small, but it is
possible to do meaningful science missions with this payload.
Swarms of these small payloads can provide monitoring of
scientifically significant parameters around the solar system.
Vehicle Detailed Description
Stage 1
The first stage of Microlaunchers LLC’s ML-1 vehicle is ten
inches in diameter and 12 feet 7 inches high. At its highest end,
it accepts the upper stage aerodynamic fairing which gives the
vehicle its full height of 24 feet. It uses liquid oxygen as the
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
7. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
oxidizer and liquefied propane as the fuel. These propellants are relatively green in that they leave no
toxic residues at the launch site. Fully loaded, the stage weighs about 330 lbs and weighs only 76 lbs
empty.
With the specified 200 gram payload, the first stage can lift the upper stage vehicles to an altitude above
40 miles. Because of the vertical flight trajectory, it is expected that this stage will return to within a few
miles of the launch site, thus avoiding overflights of populated areas.
Stage 2
Stage 2 is an advanced electroformed rocket vehicle utilizing liquid oxygen and butane as propellants. As
in stage 1, these are relatively “green” propellants which leave no hazardous residues behind but which
are powerfully energetic propellants.
By utilizing advanced construction techniques for the
tanks and engine, this stage is amazingly light for its size
and capability, weighing only about 5 lbs empty and 44 lbs
full. Thus, it can accelerate a 28 lb payload (the third stage
with its payload) to 8000 feet per second.
The rocket engine is a 50 lb-f thrust engine running at a
low chamber pressure of about 30 PSI and with a 40:1
expansion ratio. It is regeneratively cooled with a minimal
of film cooling. It can be expected to provide an efficiency
of 320 seconds Isp and to burn for about 245 seconds.
The ignition system for this stage and for the third stage
are carried on this vehicle.
Since it operates entirely in the near vacuum above 40
miles altitude, it needs minimal aerodynamic shielding.
Stage 3
Stage 3 is very similar to stage 2 but is a bit smaller. It uses the same liquid oxygen and butane
propellants with their associated benefits. It is also very light, weighing 1.4 lbs empty and 28 lbs full.
Its rocket motor also operates at low chamber pressure of about 30 PSI. Because it is expected to
operate entirely in a vacuum it can work well with a nozzle expansion ratio of 55:1. It is expected to
operate with a high Isp efficiency of about 320 seconds for a duration of about 300 seconds. The engine
produces about 27 lb-f of thrust and is regeneratively cooled with a minimum of film cooling. Small
paddles in the exhaust stream provide the roll, pitch and yaw control.
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
8. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
Because of its light weight and high performance, this stage
can accelerate a payload of 200 grams to over 28000 feet
per second, placing this payload on an escape trajectory.
The image to the left shows stage 3 with a payload.
Safety System
In order to assure safe operation of all stages, the
Microlaunchers ML-1 uses a unique guidance system which
also facilitates safety. With the first stage flying a vertical
trajectory, it will be in view of the launch site throughout its
entire flight. A command-to-line-of-site guidance system
uses commands and signals from the ground during safe
operation. If an emergency condition arises, the ground
transmitted signals will terminate and the stages initiate a
flight termination mode where thrust is terminated,
propellants are vented and upper stages are jettisoned
(with each stage following the same sequence). This assures
that only light, empty stages fall to the ground. This
approach presents minimal risk to the non-involved public.
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
9. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
Chapter 3 – Example Launch Operations
Preliminary Operations
Operations start with the preliminary activities of obtaining launch licenses and insurance and the
reception of orders from customers.
Planning
Once licenses, insurance and orders are in place, planning of a launch campaign ensues. Logistic
planning, transportation planning, site selection, orbital mechanics planning, ordering of propellants for
delivery and several other preliminary planning activities are performed.
Payload Preparation
Once the customer delivers the payload, payload preparation can begin. This would entail mounting the
payload on payload carriers, maintaining environmental conditions necessary for storage, storing the
payloads leading up to the launch campaign, and then the final preparation of the payload for launch.
Launch Day Operations
Once the planning and preparation activities are completed, a launch operation is initiated.
Transportation
On launch day of the launch campaign, empty launch vehicles are prepared for their launches and
loaded onto carrier vehicles. Payloads, in their storage and protective containers are also loaded for
transportation.
Unloading
The rocket stages, payloads and launch infrastructure are driven to the launch site, unloaded and made
ready for launch.
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
10. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
Preparation and Propellant Loading
The rockets are prepped in a horizontal position. This allows full checkout of the vehicle and integrated
payload.
With payloads loaded, all stages integrated and mated to their lower stages, and all initial system checks
completed, the vehicle is then raised for launch.
Once automated on-the-pad system checks are completed, the vehicle is loaded with propellants.
Propellant conditioning equipment is brought near the rocket with the liquid propellants and the
conditioning equipment begins pumping and conditioning the propellants. This is necessary because
most stages require fairly precise propellant temperature control for proper operation.
Mission Control and Monitoring
As the vehicle becomes ready, authority is transferred to the Mission Control and Monitoring station.
This station consists of equipment necessary to provide mission control information to the rocket before
and after launch and to monitor flight progress throughout the flight.
Because of the near-vertical flight of the first stage, tracking cameras are used to triangulate the
vehicle’s position and ascertain that it is operating within acceptable flight parameters. In order to not
perform a flight abort, the vehicle must receive a radio signal from the Mission Control system. This
provides an automatic fail-safe abort method should any emergencies arise. Telemetry is also received
by radio from the vehicle to provide additional status monitoring.
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
11. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
Flight
The first stage vehicle travels a nearly-vertical flight path to upwards of 80 miles. At about 20 miles
altitude, the first stage main engine is shut down and vernier rockets maintain propellant settling thrust.
This propellant settling thrust is continued to about 40 miles altitude. Just prior to shutting off the
vernier engines, the upper stages are ejected.
The upper stages continue accelerating the payload on the specified trajectory. Operating in mostly the
near-vacuum of space, these upper stages have a high thrust efficiency.
Eventually, the desired trajectory and velocity are attained and the payload is released to continue on its
chosen path.
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
12. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
Chapter 4 – Support Equipment
An array of equipment is needed to support a launch operation. A launch site is a remote location which
likely does not have power, water and other facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to bring adequate
support equipment to that site. This section will detail some of that equipment.
Launch Stand
Microlaunchers are stabilized rockets with full pitch, roll and yaw control authority once the first stage
motors are ignited. Therefore, a launch rail is not required to guide them as they ascend. However, it is
useful to have a blast deflector and propellant feed capability at the launch location. Therefore, a
purpose-built launch pad with a propellant feed boom is highly desirable.
The launch pad will facilitate preparation for launch, guide feed cables and hoses to the vehicle and
ensure that the vehicle is not toppled by strong winds.
Access Towers
Although explicit launch towers are not required, some means to comfortably access
upper stages of these vehicles for the purposes of assembly and testing will be required.
These towers may be similar to those used by painters.
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
13. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
Cranes or Winches
Although a full crane may not be required, some kind of winching system allowing the raising of system
components to their necessary heights is required. This may be a hand- or motor-operated winching
system which attaches to the access towers or it could be a rentable hydraulic platform such as a scissor
lift.
LOX Storage and Transportation
Each Microlauncher ML-1 vehicle uses about 220 lbs of liquid oxygen plus additional liquid oxygen for
propellant conditioning. This liquid oxygen will likely be delivered in cryogenic dewars of the type shown
here.
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
14. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
If more than one vehicle is launched per day, as is planned, several times more liquid oxygen will be
required. Therefore, there will likely be a need to maintain a few dewars of liquid oxygen on site for a
launch campaign.
Propane and Butane Storage
Each ML-1 vehicle requires approximately 80 lbs of propane and about 20 lbs of butane. Since neither
propane nor butane need to be maintained at cryogenic temperatures, they will likely be stored in
portable pressurized tanks.
Safety Equipment
Since a launch site may be remote without emergency services immediately available, it will be
necessary to transport some safety equipment to the launch site for each launch campaign.
Fire Fighting Equipment
Since the launch system utilizes highly flammable and fire-inducing gases, there is a potential for fires to
occur under certain situations. Therefore, suitable firefighting equipment will be necessary. The primary
threat will be from liquid oxygen and liquefied propane. Together, these constitute an extreme fire
hazard. However, it is likely that these will be present together only during the last minutes of the
preparation for launch and during launch.
However, sufficient firefighting equipment able to deal with on-site fire problems must exist. Sufficient
equipment to extinguish any fires created in the area surrounding a launch site such as grass fires, brush
fires, and possibly tree or structure fires must be available.
Medical Equipment
The launch sites will likely be remote: either on a barge at sea or at some remote land site. Therefore,
there is a need for basic medical equipment. Additionally, since a rocket vehicle crash is also a
possibility, suitable equipment for dealing with possible injuries from fires and life-threatening hazards
should also be available.
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
15. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
Communications Equipment
Radio communications must be provided to allow remote communications between launch personnel.
Additionally, communications equipment to maintain flight management/termination must also exist.
Cell phone capability, or some similar capability, to contact fire and medical emergency
services is also necessary.
Shelter
Some kind of shelter, in the form of tents and canopies will likely be required to minimize heating of
people and equipment and to protect them from such things as rain and/or snow.
These will also serve as temporary storage locations leading up to a launch.
Transportation
Since the launch site may be remote, certainly remote from the manufacturing and assembly site, there
will be a need to transport the boosters, upper stages, payloads, and all other equipment to the remote
site. It is not necessary to own all of the transportation resources; many of them can be rented or leased
for a specific campaign. These may consist of flat-bed or enclosed trucks similar to U-Haul or Ryder
trucks.
Stage Carriers
Specialized carriers will be required for transporting the rocket stages and payload. These will likely be
purpose-built canisters to carry rocket vehicles in. These are similar to those that are currently used by
military services, but used in this non-military application.
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
16. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
Power Generation
A portable generator (or generators) will be required to support the launch preparation effort. For an
isolated camp with several people, tents, lighting, tools and equipment, a generator able to supply
upwards of 20 KW may be necessary. This may be rented or leased for the duration of a given launch
campaign.
Lights
Portable lights will be necessary for illuminating the launch preparation area should work be required at
night.
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
17. PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
Appendix A – Vehicle Statistics
The following tables illustrate the vehicle weight and performance statistics
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL