This document provides an introduction to computer software, including definitions and examples of major software types. It discusses system software like operating systems and utilities, as well as programming and application software. Application software categories like business, science, graphics and multimedia are described. Examples of commonly used software in various domains like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations and health care are provided.
This document discusses key concepts related to operating systems including file concepts, access methods, file types, file operations, directory structures, file system structures, and allocation methods. It provides details on sequential, random, and indexed access methods. File types are described as ordinary, directory, and special files. Contiguous, linked, and indexed allocation methods are summarized. The document appears to be class notes on operating system concepts for students.
This document provides an overview of Microsoft Access and databases, including opening and creating an Access database, creating tables and defining relationships between tables, and creating forms and reports to display and output data. It discusses the differences between file processing and database management systems (DBMS), and key characteristics of DBMS like self-describing metadata, program-data independence, and multiple user access.
Database Management System And Design QuestionsSamir Sabry
This document contains 10 questions about database management systems and design. The questions cover topics such as components of the relational database environment, the purpose of database management systems, query languages, data organization hierarchies, data modeling approaches like hierarchical, network and relational schemas, problems with file management systems, data dictionaries, database functions, and transferring data between databases and other programs. The document also provides the answers to each question.
This document provides an overview of database management systems and Microsoft Access. It defines key terms like database, table, form, report, and query. It explains that a database management system (DBMS) stores, organizes, and allows users to access data. The core objects in MS Access that are used to work with data are tables, queries, forms, and reports. Tables are the primary storage structure, while queries extract and organize data, and forms and reports present data to users.
The document provides an overview of database concepts and fundamentals. It discusses what a database is, the difference between data and information, why databases are needed, and the purpose of database management systems in transforming data into information and knowledge. It also covers database definitions, types of databases, selecting a database system, database development steps, quality control, and data entry considerations.
The document provides an overview of database systems, their evolution from file systems, and different database models. It discusses the limitations of file systems, including data redundancy and inconsistencies. A database management system (DBMS) addresses these issues by allowing for a centralized, integrated view of shared data. The chapter then describes several database models - hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented - covering their structure and advantages/disadvantages. The relational model is now dominant due to its simplicity, flexibility and ability to handle complex queries.
This document provides an introduction and overview for a course on Relational Database Management Systems. It outlines the instructor details, evaluation criteria including assignments and tests, marks distribution across internal and external assessments. Required textbooks are listed for both theory and practical components. Previous year question papers are linked. The course syllabus is broken down into four main sections covering database concepts, data models, relational model and relational query language SQL. Key points are highlighted regarding attendance, assignment deadlines, and accessing course materials on the college server.
This document provides an introduction to information systems through a lecture presentation. It defines an information system as a set of people, procedures, hardware, software, and data that work together to support decision making, management, and operational activities within an organization. The key stakeholders of an information system are described as the owners, users, designers, and builders. The presentation outlines the components and goals of information systems, and provides examples of different types of systems used in business and healthcare.
This document discusses key concepts related to operating systems including file concepts, access methods, file types, file operations, directory structures, file system structures, and allocation methods. It provides details on sequential, random, and indexed access methods. File types are described as ordinary, directory, and special files. Contiguous, linked, and indexed allocation methods are summarized. The document appears to be class notes on operating system concepts for students.
This document provides an overview of Microsoft Access and databases, including opening and creating an Access database, creating tables and defining relationships between tables, and creating forms and reports to display and output data. It discusses the differences between file processing and database management systems (DBMS), and key characteristics of DBMS like self-describing metadata, program-data independence, and multiple user access.
Database Management System And Design QuestionsSamir Sabry
This document contains 10 questions about database management systems and design. The questions cover topics such as components of the relational database environment, the purpose of database management systems, query languages, data organization hierarchies, data modeling approaches like hierarchical, network and relational schemas, problems with file management systems, data dictionaries, database functions, and transferring data between databases and other programs. The document also provides the answers to each question.
This document provides an overview of database management systems and Microsoft Access. It defines key terms like database, table, form, report, and query. It explains that a database management system (DBMS) stores, organizes, and allows users to access data. The core objects in MS Access that are used to work with data are tables, queries, forms, and reports. Tables are the primary storage structure, while queries extract and organize data, and forms and reports present data to users.
The document provides an overview of database concepts and fundamentals. It discusses what a database is, the difference between data and information, why databases are needed, and the purpose of database management systems in transforming data into information and knowledge. It also covers database definitions, types of databases, selecting a database system, database development steps, quality control, and data entry considerations.
The document provides an overview of database systems, their evolution from file systems, and different database models. It discusses the limitations of file systems, including data redundancy and inconsistencies. A database management system (DBMS) addresses these issues by allowing for a centralized, integrated view of shared data. The chapter then describes several database models - hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented - covering their structure and advantages/disadvantages. The relational model is now dominant due to its simplicity, flexibility and ability to handle complex queries.
This document provides an introduction and overview for a course on Relational Database Management Systems. It outlines the instructor details, evaluation criteria including assignments and tests, marks distribution across internal and external assessments. Required textbooks are listed for both theory and practical components. Previous year question papers are linked. The course syllabus is broken down into four main sections covering database concepts, data models, relational model and relational query language SQL. Key points are highlighted regarding attendance, assignment deadlines, and accessing course materials on the college server.
This document provides an introduction to information systems through a lecture presentation. It defines an information system as a set of people, procedures, hardware, software, and data that work together to support decision making, management, and operational activities within an organization. The key stakeholders of an information system are described as the owners, users, designers, and builders. The presentation outlines the components and goals of information systems, and provides examples of different types of systems used in business and healthcare.
This document provides an overview of different types of application software, including word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, database management systems, desktop publishing software, image editing software, accounting software, web browsers, and web-based applications. It discusses features of these applications and provides examples. It also covers software licensing, types of licenses, software piracy, and dangers of using pirated software.
Objectives
- Describe what application software is, the different types of ownership rights, and the difference between installed and Web-based software.
- Detail some concepts and commands that many software programs have in common.
- Discuss word processing and explain what kinds of documents are created using this type of program.
- Explain the purpose of spreadsheet software and the kinds of documents created using this type of program.
- Identify some of the vocabulary used with database software and discuss the benefits of using this type of program.
- Describe what presentation graphics and electronic slide shows are and when they might be used.
- List some types of graphics and multimedia software consumers frequently use.
- Name other types of application software programs and discuss what functions they perform.
This document provides an overview of computer software and files. It defines different types of software, including operating systems and application software. Files are described as blocks of data or program instructions that have attributes like name, size, type and permissions. The document outlines file systems for organizing files and directories, and the utilities operating systems provide for file management. Common file management tips are also presented.
This document discusses computer files and file systems. It defines what files are, their types and attributes like name, size and permissions. It describes file systems as how operating systems organize and access files through hierarchies and indexing. File management utilities allow viewing, editing and organizing files and folders. Maintaining file hygiene through practices like clear naming and backups is advised.
This document discusses different types of computer software, including system software and application software. System software consists of operating systems and utility programs that control computer operations and interface between hardware, users, and application software. Application software includes productivity programs like word processors and spreadsheets, as well as multimedia, home, and business programs. Productivity software is bundled into integrated packages, suites, and web-based applications for ease of use.
This chapter discusses different types of application software. It covers word processing programs like Microsoft Word that are used to create documents. It describes spreadsheet programs like Excel that organize data into tables of rows and columns. It explains database programs like Access that store and organize related data. It discusses presentation software like PowerPoint that creates electronic slide shows. It also mentions graphics and multimedia programs used to create and edit images and videos.
This chapter discusses different types of application software. It covers word processing programs like Microsoft Word that are used to create documents. It describes spreadsheet programs like Excel that organize data into tables of rows and columns. It explains database programs like Access that store and retrieve related data. It discusses presentation software like PowerPoint that creates electronic slide shows. It also mentions graphics and multimedia programs for working with images and combining different media types.
Computer Software Ultimate History and BenefitsTyler Aaron
Computer software is a couple of directions, data, or programs applied to use pcs and perform specific tasks. It is the alternative to equipment, which explains the bodily aspects of a computer. Actually, Computer software is just a universal term applied to reference purposes, texts, and programs that run using a device
For more details Please visit our Website
https://csubmit.com/
This document provides an overview of application software. It begins by describing different types of application software ownership rights such as commercial software, shareware, freeware, and open source software. It also discusses the difference between installed and web-based software. The document then examines common software commands and concepts that are found across many programs. It provides details about specific types of application software including word processing, spreadsheets, databases, presentation graphics, and other software. It discusses the purpose and features of each type of application.
This document provides an overview of application software and discusses various types of application programs. It begins by defining application software and describing different types of software ownership rights. It then covers the basics of application software, including the differences between installed and web-based software. The document proceeds to discuss specific types of application software like word processing, spreadsheets, databases, and presentation graphics. It provides details on creating and working with documents in each of these software categories.
Here are the answers to the jumbled letters activity:
1. WORD PROCESSOR
2. SPREADSHEET
3. PRESENTATION
4. DATABASE
5. APPLICATION
6. PUBLISHER
7. BROWSER
8. GRAPHICS
9. SOFTWARE
10. MS WORD
The document provides an introduction to software engineering concepts including definitions of software, differences between software and other systems, types of software, and top software companies. It defines software engineering as the application of a systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable approach to software development, operation, and maintenance. Software engineering encompasses processes, techniques, tools, programming languages, design methods, testing, maintenance, and development used in software production. The document lists the top 10 software companies as Microsoft, IBM, Oracle, SAP, Symantec, Adobe, Ericsson, Nintendo, Activision Blizzard, and Salesforce.com.
Computer software can be categorized as system software or application software. System software includes operating systems and utilities that enable the computer hardware to function. Application software includes programs that perform specific tasks for users like word processors, spreadsheets, presentations, databases, and multimedia programs. Software can also be open source with publicly available source code or proprietary with restrictions on use and modification. Common examples of open source software are Linux and Apache while proprietary examples include Microsoft Windows and CAD programs.
Diploma in Computer Applications typically refers to a short-term, focused educational program that provides practical skills and knowledge in various aspects of computer applications.
http://www.goldenropar.com/diploma-in-computer-application/page-381489
Library automation involves applying computers to traditional library activities like acquisition, cataloguing, circulation and reference services. The objectives are to improve control over collections, share resources among libraries, and use staff more effectively. The main steps are preparing for automation, selecting software and hardware, preparing collections, implementing the system, networking, and training staff and users. Early systems had little module integration while modern systems are fully integrated, use relational databases, and have graphical user interfaces. Automation aims to improve services, relieve staff workload, and facilitate resource sharing. Popular commercial and open source library automation software are discussed.
The document provides an overview of open source software, its history and uses in libraries. It discusses evaluating open source solutions and factors to consider such as community support, total cost of ownership, and technical requirements. Resources for finding and evaluating open source software are also listed.
software system and application softwareCyriac Jose
1. The document discusses software systems and applications, outlining the functions of systems software like operating systems and utility programs, and application software.
2. It describes how operating systems control hardware and interface with application programs, and lists popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and enterprise systems.
3. The document outlines different types of application software including proprietary, off-the-shelf, and personal, workgroup, and enterprise applications that support individual, group, and organizational goals.
The document provides an introduction to computer software, defining it as instructions or data that can be stored electronically, as opposed to hardware which refers to tangible components. It describes different types of software such as system software, application software, open source software, and proprietary software. Examples are given of common system software like operating systems, compilers, and loaders, as well as application software including word processors, spreadsheets, databases, and presentations.
The document provides an introduction to computer software, defining it as instructions or data that can be stored electronically, as opposed to hardware which refers to tangible components. It describes different types of software such as system software, application software, open source software, and proprietary software. Examples are given of common system software like operating systems, compilers, and loaders, as well as application software including word processors, spreadsheets, databases, and presentations.
Culture of healthcare_ week 1_ lecture_slidesCMDLMS
This lecture provides an overview of the culture of health care. It defines key terms like health, disease, illness, and health care. It explains that culture refers to integrated patterns of human behavior within groups, and defines the culture of health care. The lecture outlines several themes in the literature on the culture of health care, including patient and workforce diversity and various professional cultures. It emphasizes that health care involves a complex mix of cultures that are not always apparent from within.
Unhappy customers can significantly impact a company's bottom line through negative word-of-mouth advertising and lost sales. Studies show that 68% of unhappy customers felt disinterested or indifferent, and one dissatisfied luxury car owner can cost a dealership $100 million in annual revenue from lost sales. As social media has made it easier for customers to share negative opinions, companies place high value on resolving issues with challenging customers to maintain satisfaction and minimize financial losses.
This document provides an overview of different types of application software, including word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, database management systems, desktop publishing software, image editing software, accounting software, web browsers, and web-based applications. It discusses features of these applications and provides examples. It also covers software licensing, types of licenses, software piracy, and dangers of using pirated software.
Objectives
- Describe what application software is, the different types of ownership rights, and the difference between installed and Web-based software.
- Detail some concepts and commands that many software programs have in common.
- Discuss word processing and explain what kinds of documents are created using this type of program.
- Explain the purpose of spreadsheet software and the kinds of documents created using this type of program.
- Identify some of the vocabulary used with database software and discuss the benefits of using this type of program.
- Describe what presentation graphics and electronic slide shows are and when they might be used.
- List some types of graphics and multimedia software consumers frequently use.
- Name other types of application software programs and discuss what functions they perform.
This document provides an overview of computer software and files. It defines different types of software, including operating systems and application software. Files are described as blocks of data or program instructions that have attributes like name, size, type and permissions. The document outlines file systems for organizing files and directories, and the utilities operating systems provide for file management. Common file management tips are also presented.
This document discusses computer files and file systems. It defines what files are, their types and attributes like name, size and permissions. It describes file systems as how operating systems organize and access files through hierarchies and indexing. File management utilities allow viewing, editing and organizing files and folders. Maintaining file hygiene through practices like clear naming and backups is advised.
This document discusses different types of computer software, including system software and application software. System software consists of operating systems and utility programs that control computer operations and interface between hardware, users, and application software. Application software includes productivity programs like word processors and spreadsheets, as well as multimedia, home, and business programs. Productivity software is bundled into integrated packages, suites, and web-based applications for ease of use.
This chapter discusses different types of application software. It covers word processing programs like Microsoft Word that are used to create documents. It describes spreadsheet programs like Excel that organize data into tables of rows and columns. It explains database programs like Access that store and organize related data. It discusses presentation software like PowerPoint that creates electronic slide shows. It also mentions graphics and multimedia programs used to create and edit images and videos.
This chapter discusses different types of application software. It covers word processing programs like Microsoft Word that are used to create documents. It describes spreadsheet programs like Excel that organize data into tables of rows and columns. It explains database programs like Access that store and retrieve related data. It discusses presentation software like PowerPoint that creates electronic slide shows. It also mentions graphics and multimedia programs for working with images and combining different media types.
Computer Software Ultimate History and BenefitsTyler Aaron
Computer software is a couple of directions, data, or programs applied to use pcs and perform specific tasks. It is the alternative to equipment, which explains the bodily aspects of a computer. Actually, Computer software is just a universal term applied to reference purposes, texts, and programs that run using a device
For more details Please visit our Website
https://csubmit.com/
This document provides an overview of application software. It begins by describing different types of application software ownership rights such as commercial software, shareware, freeware, and open source software. It also discusses the difference between installed and web-based software. The document then examines common software commands and concepts that are found across many programs. It provides details about specific types of application software including word processing, spreadsheets, databases, presentation graphics, and other software. It discusses the purpose and features of each type of application.
This document provides an overview of application software and discusses various types of application programs. It begins by defining application software and describing different types of software ownership rights. It then covers the basics of application software, including the differences between installed and web-based software. The document proceeds to discuss specific types of application software like word processing, spreadsheets, databases, and presentation graphics. It provides details on creating and working with documents in each of these software categories.
Here are the answers to the jumbled letters activity:
1. WORD PROCESSOR
2. SPREADSHEET
3. PRESENTATION
4. DATABASE
5. APPLICATION
6. PUBLISHER
7. BROWSER
8. GRAPHICS
9. SOFTWARE
10. MS WORD
The document provides an introduction to software engineering concepts including definitions of software, differences between software and other systems, types of software, and top software companies. It defines software engineering as the application of a systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable approach to software development, operation, and maintenance. Software engineering encompasses processes, techniques, tools, programming languages, design methods, testing, maintenance, and development used in software production. The document lists the top 10 software companies as Microsoft, IBM, Oracle, SAP, Symantec, Adobe, Ericsson, Nintendo, Activision Blizzard, and Salesforce.com.
Computer software can be categorized as system software or application software. System software includes operating systems and utilities that enable the computer hardware to function. Application software includes programs that perform specific tasks for users like word processors, spreadsheets, presentations, databases, and multimedia programs. Software can also be open source with publicly available source code or proprietary with restrictions on use and modification. Common examples of open source software are Linux and Apache while proprietary examples include Microsoft Windows and CAD programs.
Diploma in Computer Applications typically refers to a short-term, focused educational program that provides practical skills and knowledge in various aspects of computer applications.
http://www.goldenropar.com/diploma-in-computer-application/page-381489
Library automation involves applying computers to traditional library activities like acquisition, cataloguing, circulation and reference services. The objectives are to improve control over collections, share resources among libraries, and use staff more effectively. The main steps are preparing for automation, selecting software and hardware, preparing collections, implementing the system, networking, and training staff and users. Early systems had little module integration while modern systems are fully integrated, use relational databases, and have graphical user interfaces. Automation aims to improve services, relieve staff workload, and facilitate resource sharing. Popular commercial and open source library automation software are discussed.
The document provides an overview of open source software, its history and uses in libraries. It discusses evaluating open source solutions and factors to consider such as community support, total cost of ownership, and technical requirements. Resources for finding and evaluating open source software are also listed.
software system and application softwareCyriac Jose
1. The document discusses software systems and applications, outlining the functions of systems software like operating systems and utility programs, and application software.
2. It describes how operating systems control hardware and interface with application programs, and lists popular operating systems like Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and enterprise systems.
3. The document outlines different types of application software including proprietary, off-the-shelf, and personal, workgroup, and enterprise applications that support individual, group, and organizational goals.
The document provides an introduction to computer software, defining it as instructions or data that can be stored electronically, as opposed to hardware which refers to tangible components. It describes different types of software such as system software, application software, open source software, and proprietary software. Examples are given of common system software like operating systems, compilers, and loaders, as well as application software including word processors, spreadsheets, databases, and presentations.
The document provides an introduction to computer software, defining it as instructions or data that can be stored electronically, as opposed to hardware which refers to tangible components. It describes different types of software such as system software, application software, open source software, and proprietary software. Examples are given of common system software like operating systems, compilers, and loaders, as well as application software including word processors, spreadsheets, databases, and presentations.
Culture of healthcare_ week 1_ lecture_slidesCMDLMS
This lecture provides an overview of the culture of health care. It defines key terms like health, disease, illness, and health care. It explains that culture refers to integrated patterns of human behavior within groups, and defines the culture of health care. The lecture outlines several themes in the literature on the culture of health care, including patient and workforce diversity and various professional cultures. It emphasizes that health care involves a complex mix of cultures that are not always apparent from within.
Unhappy customers can significantly impact a company's bottom line through negative word-of-mouth advertising and lost sales. Studies show that 68% of unhappy customers felt disinterested or indifferent, and one dissatisfied luxury car owner can cost a dealership $100 million in annual revenue from lost sales. As social media has made it easier for customers to share negative opinions, companies place high value on resolving issues with challenging customers to maintain satisfaction and minimize financial losses.
This document discusses key principles for effective communication between support agents and customers. It emphasizes that listening is an active skill that takes effort. Both parties must be actively involved in the interaction to ensure understanding and progress towards resolution. Trust in the relationship allows for open communication, while mutual alignment of goals establishes shared expectations for resolving issues.
The document lists several challenges that were addressed and initiatives that were implemented including stopping upselling, establishing a quality control team, enforcing support tickets, creating organizational structures, identifying talent, delegating responsibilities, developing KPIs, creating autonomous customer service units, implementing various tools like WalkMe and Izenda, conducting HIPAA awareness sessions, creating a client retention unit, using Power BI for reporting, conducting in-house marketing, and creating CRs for CureX. It also shows the results of a survey on recognition, feedback, suggestions, happiness, satisfaction, wellness, ambassadorship, relationships with managers, relationships with colleagues, and company alignment for the Operations team at CureMD.
This lecture discusses how health information technology can help facilitate error reporting and analysis to improve patient safety. It presents three key HIT mechanisms: automated surveillance systems, online event reporting systems, and predictive analytics/data modeling. The lecture also emphasizes the importance of a culture of safety that encourages open discussion and learning from mistakes without blame. Error reports are analyzed using a risk assessment model to distinguish near misses from events that cause patient harm.
This document discusses quality improvement tools for analyzing health information technology (HIT) errors, including root cause analysis (RCA), failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), and hazard analysis. RCA is a structured problem-solving process that considers all potential causal factors of an incident. FMEA prospectively predicts error modes by assessing the likelihood and impact of process failures. The document provides examples of using RCA and FMEA to analyze HIT-related errors and identifies key areas of focus for HIT safety measures.
This lecture discusses learning from mistakes and errors in health information technology (HIT). It covers types of errors like slips, mistakes, active failures and latent conditions. It also examines unintended consequences of HIT like new or more work, workflow issues, overdependence on technology, and copy-paste errors. The objectives are to assess HIT for negative consequences and examine common HIT design deficiencies. References from AHRQ and other sources on error reporting and analysis in HIT are also provided.
This document discusses electronic clinical quality measures (eCQMs) which are designed to leverage health information technology (HIT) to improve quality measurement. eCQMs use standardized data elements and terminology to measure care quality based on information in electronic health records. Effective eCQM reporting requires structured, coded data and use of standards for measure specification, calculation, and reporting. Widespread use of eCQMs could revolutionize quality measurement by facilitating automated reporting and improving data quality.
This lecture discusses key attributes of data quality including consistency, currency, timeliness, granularity, precision, and relevancy. It provides examples of each attribute and recommendations for maintaining data integrity such as establishing data governance and defining standards for data collection. The lecture also notes that data quality is important for research and quality improvement efforts and that poor data quality can lead to errors.
This lecture discusses assessing data quality and identifies 10 key attributes of data quality: definition, accuracy, accessibility, comprehensiveness, consistency, currency, timeliness, granularity, precision, and relevancy. Poor data quality can threaten patient safety and quality of care, reduce effectiveness of decision making, and increase costs. The lecture provides examples and recommendations for ensuring each of the 10 data quality attributes.
This lecture discusses assessing data quality and improving it through health information technology (HIT). It identifies common causes of insufficient data quality, such as unclear definitions, incomplete data, and programming errors. Both systematic and random issues can negatively impact data quality. The lecture outlines best practices for preventing, detecting, and improving data quality issues. Standardizing terminology, structuring data entry, and utilizing technologies like voice recognition can enhance data quality. Overall, high quality clinical data is important for healthcare decisions, and HIT professionals can implement strategies to enhance data quality.
This document discusses strategies for implementing health information technology (HIT) systems. It compares "big bang" implementations, where a system is launched system-wide at once, to "staggered" or phased implementations. While big bang implementations have faster rollout, they carry higher risk. Staggered implementations have lower risk but slower return on investment. The document also emphasizes the importance of user training and long-term support during and after implementation to ensure success. Contextual factors like organizational culture and individual user needs must also be considered in planning. Nested implementation teams and designated super-users or internal consultants can help provide support.
The document discusses effective health IT implementation planning. It outlines characteristics of effective implementation teams, including communication, understanding roles, and practical expertise. Three key strategies for health IT implementation are reviewed: single vendor, best of breed, and best of suite. Clinical workflows and the needs of different care settings like primary care and critical access hospitals are also addressed. The goal is to assist organizations in designing customized implementation plans that meet their unique quality and safety needs.
This document discusses a lecture on how health information technology (HIT) can impact patient safety culture. The lecture covers strategies for adaptive work that can be useful for HIT initiatives, including being unwavering in goals while inviting others to help achieve them, addressing real and perceived losses from changes, and assuming healthcare providers want to help patients. References are provided for images and content used in the lecture.
This document discusses health information technology (HIT) and its impact on patient safety culture. It provides learning objectives on adaptive leadership, frameworks for patient safety culture, and differentiating technical and adaptive change. It also summarizes a 2013 medical error case study where a patient received a 39-fold overdose due to a 50-step error-prone process. Root causes of use errors with HIT are identified, such as patient identification errors and data accuracy errors. Frameworks for risk assessment and classifying human interaction with HIT systems are presented. The document concludes that HIT has potential to reduce errors but also introduce new opportunities for errors and overreliance on technology.
This document is a lecture on how health information technology (HIT) can impact patient safety culture. It discusses applying quality improvement tools to analyze HIT errors. It highlights the success of efforts led by Dr. Peter Pronovost to reduce central line bloodstream infections through standardization, independent checks, and learning from defects. Checklists, data collection, and adopting practices from high-reliability industries like aviation and Toyota have helped significantly reduce infection rates.
This document provides an overview of quality improvement methods and tools. It describes several common quality improvement models including the API model, Baldrige criteria, FOCUS-PDCA, PDSA cycle, ISO 9000, Kaizen, Lean thinking, and Six Sigma DMAIC. A variety of basic quality improvement tools are also outlined, such as flowcharts, cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, Pareto charts, and checklists. Finally, potential mistakes in quality improvement initiatives are reviewed, including choosing an inappropriate topic, lack of defined roles/expectations, and failure to sustain improvements.
This document provides an overview of quality improvement methods for healthcare settings. It describes strategies for quality improvement, including the role of leadership in creating a culture that supports quality improvement. The document discusses concepts like the PDSA cycle and foundations of quality improvement developed by thinkers like Shewhart, Deming, and Juran. The goal is to introduce methods that can be used to identify and redesign processes, collect and analyze data, and make improvements to eliminate problems and strategically change healthcare systems over time.
- Alerts and reminders have the potential to improve patient safety but can also cause clinician frustration and "alert fatigue" if too many are nuisance alerts that provide little benefit.
- Successful alerts are specific, sensitive, clear, concise and support clinical workflow, allowing for safe, efficient responses. They include drug and lab alerts, practice and administrative reminders.
- Research found that drug interaction alerts, disease-drug contraindication alerts and dosing guidelines improved prescribing behaviors while unnecessary lab test repeats dropped with test result reminders.
- Clinical decision support (CDS) aims to improve healthcare decisions and outcomes by providing clinicians with relevant patient information and clinical knowledge. However, CDS has not been widely adopted by clinicians.
- Effective CDS provides the right information to the right person in the right format through the right channels at the right time. It can take many forms, including alerts, order sets, and guidelines.
- CDS helps with administrative tasks, managing clinical complexity, controlling costs, and supporting clinical decision-making. However, poor design can also lead to unintended consequences like alert fatigue.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Computer Software | Lecture 4A
1. Introduction to Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
This material (Comp 4 Unit 3) was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department
of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under
Award Number 90WT00001.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.
2. Computer Software
Learning Objectives - 1
• Define computer software and major
software types (Lecture a)
• Describe application software
classification and provide examples,
including those focused on health care
(Lecture a)
2
3. Computer Software
Learning Objectives - 2
• Define what an operating system (OS) is
(Lecture b)
• Explain the features and functions of
operating systems (Lecture b)
• Classify operating systems (Lecture c)
• Describe commonly used operating
systems (Lecture c)
3
4. Computer Software
Learning Objectives - 3
• Describe types and major attributes of files
(Lecture d)
• Explain the purpose of file systems
(Lecture d)
• Provide file management tips (Lecture d)
• Identify different implementations of file
systems (Lecture d)
4
5. Software
• Set of instructions that direct a computer
to perform specific tasks or operations
• Three major types
– System software
o Operating system
o Utility programs
– Programming software
– Application software
5
6. System Software
• Directly operates
the computer
hardware
• Provides a platform
for running
application
software
6
7. Programming Software
• Provides software
developers with a
programming
environment to
create, debug, and
maintain other
programs
7
9. Software Components: Code
• Programming statements/instructions that
make a program work
– Example: the .exe file run by a user to install a
program
9
10. Software Components: Files
• Set of computer instructions
– If the instructions are compiled, these files
become a software program
• Data stored on disk and used by a
program
– .docx files used by Microsoft® Word
– .pdf files read by Adobe® Reader
10
11. Software Components: Databases
• Stores and retrieves data
– Example: Electronic Medical Records (EMRs)
store data in a database
11
12. Application Software Categories
• Business
• Home/Personal Use
• Science and Mathematics
• Graphics and Multimedia
• Communications
• Artificial Intelligence
• Health Care
12
17. Science and Mathematics Software
• Number-crunching
software
• Runs models and
works with large
amounts of data
• Examples:
– IBM SPSS Statistics
– Gretl
– Matlab®
– Mathematica®
(Cottrell, A, et al. n.d., GNU GPL)
17
18. Graphics and Multimedia
Software: Desktop Publishing
• Professional software used to produce high-
quality print documents such as textbooks,
brochures, and catalogs
• Assists with the layout, colors, and graphics
• Produces very high resolution output that is
suitable for printing
• Adobe® PageMaker®, Adobe® FrameMaker®,
Microsoft® Publisher, Scribus
18
20. Graphics and Multimedia
Software: Images/Photos/Paint
• Professional image-editing, photo-editing,
and paint software
– Image-editing software adds the ability to
modify existing images and pictures
o Photo-editing software is a type of image editing
software that allows users to edit and customize
digital photographs
Adobe Photoshop®, GIMP, Inkscape
– Paint software allows graphic artists to draw
pictures and shapes
20
22. Graphics and Multimedia
Software: Video Editing
• Modify a video
segment called a clip
• Delete, reorder, add
special effects to
clips
• Examples
– Adobe Premiere®
Elements
– Pinnacle Studio™
– OpenShot Video Editor™
(JonOomp, 2009, GNU GPL)
22
23. Communication Software
• Many different
types
– Email
– IM
– FTP
– Web browsers
– VoIP
– Blogs
– Wikis
(Fenn, J. 2009, CC BY 2.0)
23
24. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Uses computing to approximate human
intelligence
• Involves:
– Reasoning and Deduction
– Knowledge Representation and Retrieval
– Natural Language Processing
– Perception
– Learning
– Planning
– Motion
24
25. AI Applications
• Expert systems
• Voice recognition
• Robots
• Email spam
filtering
• Video games
• Automated online
help
(Raysonho, 2011, CC BY 3.0)
25
26. Health Care Software
• Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and
Electronic Medical Records (EMRs)
• Health Information Systems
• Expert Systems/Decision Support Systems
• Medical Office Management Systems
• Patient Registries
• Imaging
• Telemedicine
26
27. Examples of EHRs
• Epic’s EpicCare EHR system
http://www.epic.com/software
• General Electric’s Centricity EMR system
http://www3.gehealthcare.com/en/products/categories/healthcare_it/
electronic_medical_records/centricity_emr
• The Veteran Administration (VA) VistA (Veterans
Health Information Systems and Technology
Architecture)
http://www.ehealth.va.gov/EHEALTH/CPRS_demo.asp
27
29. Expert Systems
• Imitate the decision-making process of a
human expert
• IBM Watson can be used for decision making in
health care
• DxPlain (Massachusetts General Hospital)
provides diagnosis support and disease
reference
• MYCIN (Stanford) provided support for bacteria
identification and antibiotic recommendations
29
33. Computer Software
Summary - Lecture a
• Software makes computers useful
• Types of software
– System software
– Application software
– Program software
• Application software is vast and varied
• In health care application software is
common and used for variety of purposes
33
34. Computer Software
References – 1 – Lecture a
References
Barnett GO, Cimino JJ, Hupp JA, Hoffer EP. (1987). DXplain. An evolving diagnostic
support system. JAMA. 258(1), 67-74.
Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA (2010). Chapter 4: Application Software: Programs That
Let You Work and Play. In: Technology in Action: Complete. 7th ed. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall.
Gretl [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Oct 17; cited 2011 Nov 11]. Available from
http://gretl.sourceforge.net/.
IBM Systems and Technology Group. Watson - A System Designed for Answers. (2011,
February). Retrieved from http://www-
03.ibm.com/innovation/us/engines/assets/9442_Watson_A_System_White_Paper_P
OW03061-USEN-00_Final_Feb10_11.pdf.
Inkscape [Webpage]. [cited 2011 Nov 12]. Available from: http://inkscape.org/.
Morley D, and Parker CS. (2010). Chapter 5: Application Software. In: Understanding
Computers Today and Tomorrow. 12th ed. Boston: Course Technology.
34
35. Computer Software
References – 2 – Lecture a
References
Mozilla Thunderbird wiki [Webpage]. Available at:
https://wiki.mozilla.org/Thunderbird:Home.
Mycin [Webpage]. [cited 2011 Nov 11]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycin.
OpenOffice.org: The Free and Open Productivity Suite. 2011; [cited 2011 Nov 11].
Available from: http://www.openoffice.org/.
Scribus [Webpage]. [cited 2011 Nov 12]. Available from: https://www.scribus.net/.
SEER-SEM [Webpage]. Cited 2011 Nov 12 as retrieved from
http://www.galorath.com/index.php/products/software/C5/. [2017, Feb 22: Galorath
website at http://galorath.com/.]
Shelley GB, Vermaat ME (2010). Chapter 3: Application Software. In: Discovering
Computers 2011: Introductory. 1st ed. Boston: Course Technology.
OpenShot [Webpage]. [cited 2011 Nov 11]. Available from:
http://www.openshotvideo.com/.
35
36. Computer Software
References – 3 – Lecture a
Images
Slide 13: Microsoft Word screenshot image. Microsoft [software]. Copyright Microsoft®.
Slide 14: Microsoft Excel screenshot image. Microsoft [software]. Copyright Microsoft®.
Slide 15: Microsoft PowerPoint screenshot image. Microsoft [software]. Copyright
Microsoft®.
Slide 16: SEER - SEM [SEER for IT]. Galorath. Retrieved February 24, 2017 from
http://galorath.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/seer-it-screenshot6-large.jpg.
Accessed through SEER for IT page at http://galorath.com/products/it/SEER-software-
estimation-IT-projects. Copyright 2017 Galorath.
Slide 17: Gretl screenshot image. Cottrell, A., Lucchetti, R. on Gretl website. (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://gretl.sourceforge.net/gretl_screen.html. Licensed under the GNU
General Public License.
Slide 19: Scribus screenshot. User: Chiefmanyrabbitguteat (2008). Retrieved November
8, 2011 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scribus-1.3-Linux.png. Licensed under
the GNU General Public License.
36
37. Computer Software
References – 4 – Lecture a
Images
Slide 21: Inkscape screenshot. Rotkevich, K. [art] and Inkscape [software]. 2007.
Retrieved Feb 22, 2017 from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inkscape_0.46.png. Licensed under the GNU
General Public License and Free Art License.
Slide 22: OpenShot Video Editor screenshot. JonOomp (2009, June 19). Retrieved
November 8, 2011 from:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Screenshot_of_OpenShot.png. Licensed under
the GNU General Public License.
Slide 23: Thunderbird 3.0 unter Mac OS X. Fenn, J. (2009, December 22). Retrieved May
4, 2016 from https://www.flickr.com/photos/juergenfenn/4206376731. Licensed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License.
Slide 25: IBM Watson image. Raysonho (2011, April 7). Retrieved November 8, 2011
from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IBMWatson.jpg. Licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
37
38. Computer Software
References – 5 – Lecture a
Images
Slide 28: VistA screenshot showing lab result values graphed over time for a particular
patient. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (n.d.). Retrieved November 8, 2011 from:
https://www.va.gov/health/imaging/overview.asp. This image is in the Public Domain.
Slide 30: Screenshot of the OpenEMR scheduling calendar. Miller, B. (2009, November
28). Retrieved November 8, 2011 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OpenEMR-
Calendar.jpg. Licensed under the GNU General Public License.
Slide 31: InVesalius medical imaging software screenshot. Alchueyr, T. (2010, January
30). Retrieved November 8, 2011 from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Invesalius3_promed0446.png. Licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Slide 32: CT viewer chest Keosys. Mco44 (2008, February 19). Retrieved November 8,
2011 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CT_viewer_Chest_Keosys.JPG. This
image is in the Public Domain.
38
39. Introduction to Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
This material was developed by Oregon
Health & Science University, funded by the
Department of Health and Human Services,
Office of the National Coordinator for Health
Information Technology under Award
Number 90WT0001.
39
Editor's Notes
Welcome to Introduction to Computer Science: Computer Software. This is Lecture a.
The component, Introduction to Computer Science, provides a basic overview of computer architecture; data organization, representation, and structure; structure of programming languages; and networking and data communication. It also includes some basic terminology from the world of computing.
The learning objectives for this unit, Computer Software, are to:
Define computer software and major software types,
Describe application software classification and provide examples, including those focused on health care,
Define what an operating system is,
Explain the features and functions of operating systems,
Classify operating systems,
Describe commonly used operating systems,
Describe types and major attributes of files,
Explain the purpose of file systems,
Provide file management tips,
And, identify different implementations of file systems
This lecture provides a definition of the term software, and describes the major types of software.
Broadly defined, software is a set of instructions that direct a computer to perform specific tasks or operations.
Software is what makes a computer usable.
There are three major types of software: system software, which includes the operating system and utility programs; programming software; and application software.
System software interacts directly with the computer’s hardware, making the computer run and serving as a layer between the application software and the hardware.
System software makes sure that the hardware does everything the applications want it to do, and helps coordinate the tasks that all the running programs need it to do.
Programming software provides software developers with a programming environment, which they use to create other programs.
Application software offers computer users productivity, entertainment, and communication tools.
This remainder of this lecture focuses on application software.
The basis of all application software is code. Code contains the programming statements, or instructions, that make a program work.
Files are a second software component. Files are either sets of compiled computer instructions - or - sets of data that may be created, retrieved, and used by software.
When we talk about files that are sets of compiled computer instructions, we’re talking about software programs, such as Microsoft Word or Adobe Reader.
When we talk about files that are sets of data that may be created, retrieved, and used by software, we’re talking about things such as a .docx file created using Microsoft Word or a PDF-formatted file that can be opened and read using Adobe Reader.
Another software component is the database. Databases are optimized for storing and retrieving large amounts of data quickly, correctly, and securely. Databases may or may not be part of a software program.
An example of a database application is an electronic medical record, or EMR.
Listed here are seven categories of application software. Each category can be subdivided into smaller categories. These categories are not exclusive or distinct—some business applications can be used for home purposes as well. We’ll discuss each of these categories in more depth for the remainder of the lecture.
Business- and home-use applications often overlap. They include word processing software, spreadsheets, database applications, presentation software, project management software, and accounting applications, to name a few.
Word processing software is used for a variety of purposes, including composing, editing, formatting, sharing, and printing letters, flyers, pamphlets, legal documents, post cards, mailing labels, and much more.
Many word processing applications offer useful features such as auto-correction, spell-checking, grammar-checking, and change tracking for version control.
Examples of word processing applications are Microsoft Word, OpenOffice Writer, Corel WordPerfect, and Google Docs. Pictured is a screenshot from Microsoft Word.
Spreadsheet applications are used for organizing data and performing calculations. These calculations can be performed using built-in functions and user-defined formulas. Also, spreadsheets can generate graphs or charts representing the data. Spreadsheets can be used for anything from tracking simple home expenses to performing complex, powerful calculations on very large datasets. Some examples of spreadsheet applications are Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, Corel Quattro-Pro, Google Docs, and Apache OpenOffice Calc. Pictured is a screenshot from Microsoft Excel.
Presentation software lets you design, create, and present demonstrations, simulations, and instructional courses, such as the PowerPoint presentation you’re experiencing right now.
The presentation is developed as a series of slides with text and/or images, tables, videos, and graphs. Presentations can have special features, such as animations and automatic transitions. The resulting presentation can be displayed and viewed during a lecture with a human speaker; it can be viewed as a standalone display that continually loops on a kiosk; or it can be published online. Some examples of presentation software are Microsoft PowerPoint, OpenOffice Impress, and Apple Keynote. Displayed here is a screenshot from Microsoft PowerPoint.
Project management software helps with planning and scheduling all types of projects. It keeps track of deadlines, deliverables, timelines, milestones, resources, and events.
For complex projects with many contributors, project management software is a must. One popular project management software application is Microsoft Project. Other examples are Fast Track Schedule and SEER-SEM.
This slide shows a screenshot from SEER-SEM. There are many other project management software products, some available as a free downloads online.
There are many science and mathematical applications used for statistical analysis, mathematical modeling, and computational science.
These number-crunching applications are designed to work on large amounts of data.
These applications include statistical packages such as SPSS and Gretl. An open-source version of Gretl is pictured here.
Matlab offers both an interactive environment and high-level language for numeric and symbolic computation, visualization, and programming. It is extensively used in science, engineering, signal and image processing, communications, control systems, computational finance, and many other areas.
Mathematica software is another mathematical package; it provides computational support for engineering, science, and mathematical problems.
Graphics and multimedia applications are used to create and edit images, videos, audio, and even video games.
Desktop publishing software is professional-grade software used to produce high-quality print documents such as textbooks, brochures, and catalogs. It provides far more powerful formatting and higher-resolution output than a word processor can. There are several options available for this type of software, including Adobe PageMaker, Adobe FrameMaker, and Microsoft Publisher. Scribus is an open-source option.
This is a screen shot of the desktop publishing software Scribus. Notice the complex formatting and layout tools. They are far more powerful and precise than the options available in a word processor.
Professional versions of image-editing, photo-editing, and paint software are used in the workplace by graphic artists and designers.
Image-editing software allows users to edit existing images and photos.
Photo-editing software is a type of image-editing software specifically for digital photographs. This software can retouch photos and add or remove elements from a photo. Some examples are Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, and Inkscape.
Paint software is for drawing shapes and pictures.
This is a screenshot of Inkscape, an open-source image-editing application, and shows different effects applied to a single image.
Video editing is another example of graphics and multimedia software. It breaks video into segments called clips. The user can then modify a clip, delete it, rearrange the order of several clips, and add special effects to the clips. Some examples are Adobe Premiere Elements, Pinnacle Studio, and OpenShot. Displayed is a screenshot from OpenShot.
There are many types of communication software including email, instant messaging, file transfer using file transfer protocol, or FTP, web browsers, voice over internet protocol, or VOIP, blogs, and wikis.
Anything that allows users to communicate over a network would be considered communication software. The screenshot displayed is of Mozilla Thunderbird, an email application.
Artificial intelligence, or AI, applications use knowledge, reasoning, learning, and other human characteristics for approximating human intelligence. Some examples are voice recognition software, automated online help, and expert systems, among others.
AI has several subareas, including:
Reasoning and deduction. Programming a computer to solve problems quickly is vital for AI.
Knowledge representation and retrieval. In order for computers to act intelligently, they must have extensive knowledge. This knowledge must be represented in a way that can be easily retrieved.
Natural language processing refers to computers being able to "read" and correctly interpret written text.
Perception is the ability to recognize different inputs. Some examples of perception are facial, spatial, and voice recognition.
Learning is the ability to add new knowledge based on existing knowledge.
Planning involves understanding the current state and predicting changes based on computer actions.
Motion is used by intelligent robots to interact with the physical world around them and to navigate and manipulate the environment.
Health care software includes electronic medical records, health care information systems, medical office management systems, imaging, and telemedicine.
There are many applications that use AI:
Expert systems use rules and directed input from the user to identify possible solutions to a problem. Expert systems are used in medicine for diagnoses, prescribing medication, and for decision making.
Voice recognition is used by many devices today, such as cell phones and Bluetooth wireless devices. Instead of typing commands into a computer or cell phone, you can interact with a computing device through voice recognition software just by talking to it.
Robots use AI to move, perform tasks, navigate, plan, and make decisions.
Even email spam filtering uses AI for identifying and learning which email is spam.
Video games use AI to program game behavior.
There is even automated online help for websites that replaces a human customer service representative. The AI helps find answers to users’ questions through a "conversation.”
There are many different software applications available for health care. They include electronic health records, or EHRs, and electronic medical records, or EMRs, which both pertain to the medical and health information of an individual.
Health Information Systems are typically used in hospitals or large clinics; they often include an EMR as well as other features, such as physician ordering, medications, decision support, billing, and scheduling.
Expert systems and decision-support systems use AI to analyze knowledge and make decisions as a human expert would.
Medical office management systems also include management features such as scheduling and billing.
Patient registries are datasets relating to a particular medical issue or population that are used to track changes in patients over time. They often provide a more global view over all patients than EMRs can.
Imaging and telemedicine are technologies available in health care to improve care.
Let’s explore some of these applications in more detail.
Displayed here are some examples of EHRs: EpicCare, GE's Centricity, and VistA. Included are URLs you can follow to get more information.
VistA is one of the first health care information systems that included an EMR. VistA stands for Veterans Information Systems and Technology Architecture. VistA was developed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and is used by the Veterans Health Administration. This VistA screenshot shows lab result values graphed over time for a particular patient.
An expert system is a computer system that imitates the decision-making process of a human expert. There are many expert systems used in health care; here are just few examples:
IBM Watson, IBM's intelligent computer system, is being adapted to be an expert decision support system in health care. It will analyze massive amounts of up-to-date information: journal articles, studies, similar cases, and clinical and laboratory findings, among other information, to help medical personnel make decisions about patient care.
For over two decades, DxPlain has provided doctors with diagnosis support in the form of case analysis and an electronic medical textbook. In a clinical setting, given a set of signs, symptoms, and laboratory values, DxPlain can provide a list of possible diagnoses along with explanations. As a medical textbook, it provides detailed information about over 2400 diseases.
MYCIN was developed at Stanford in the 1970s and was one of the first expert systems used in a medical setting. It was capable of identifying bacteria and recommending antibiotics and dosages for treatment.
Medical office management systems provide scheduling and billing support. This is a screenshot from OpenEMR that demonstrates the scheduling feature of the software.
Medical imaging is just what it sounds like—capturing, storing, and viewing images of human structures. These images can be generated from diagnostic tools such as X-rays, MRIs, and CAT scans. The software then displays the images for viewing by medical personnel.
Telemedicine is the ability to consult or manage medical procedures remotely. Software that supports telemedicine is crucial—it must be able to display whatever is needed so that the remote work can be done. On the screen is an example of a chest scan used in teleradiology.
This concludes lecture a of the unit on Computer Software. In summary, this lecture covered software that makes a computer useful. There are three major types of software—application, system, and program software. There are many different types of application software. In health care, the use of application software is very common and it is used for variety of purposes.