gis

1. Computer and GIS
Presented by…
Sumra Kazbanu A.
M.Sc. Sem 2
CBO 404
Department of Life
Sciences,
H.N.G.U. Patan.

2. Contents
 Computer in identification,
 Keys and identification methods,
 GIS
 Process of GIS,
 Components of GIS,
 Application of GIS,

3. Computer in identification
 Over the years, computers have
been increasingly used in data
collection, processing and
integration. they have also found
use in a big way in scanning and
identifying human aliments, which
has greatly helped health
management programmes.
 Computers have also found use in
plant identification.

4. Keys and identification methods
STORED KEYS
The computer program starts
with the first couplet of the
key,enquires about the attribute in
the unknown plant and on the
information provided, and handles
the key asking relevant questions
until finally the actual identification
is achived.

5. CONSTRUCTED KEYS
Appropriate programs may be
developed which can construct a
taxonomic keys based on the
taxonomic information about the
taxa, in the same way and based on
the same logic which is used by
man to construct keys mannnually.

6. SET identification methods
 Such a comparison can be archived
through a computer in a matter of
seconds .with such an approch, the
whole set of characters of the
unknown plant may be fed into the
computer simultaneously ,and a
computer program used to
compare the description with the
specific & to suggest the taxon with
which the description matches.

7. RECOGNITION SYSTEM
Computer technology has now
developed to the extent that fully
automated identification can be
achieved.the computer fitted with optical
scanners can observe and record
featurs,compare the same with those
already known and make important
conclusions.

8. DELTA SYSTEM
The DELTA system is an integrated set
of programs based on the DELTA
format (Description Language for
Taxonomy),which is a flexible and
powerful method of recording
taxonomic description for
processing by a computer.
 DELTA data can be readily
converted to the forms required by
programs for phlogenetic analysis.

9. Geographic Information System
(GIS)
What is GIS?
A GIS is a particular form of
information system applied to
geographical data.
 A technology
_hardware & software
 An information handling stratrgy
 The objective: To improve overall
decision making.

10. GIS Process
Captured
data
Register
Map
Base
Convert
data to
digital
format
Process
data
Display
data

11. Components of GIS
1. Computer system:
It incudes CPU, VDU, keybord ,mouse,
plotter, printer,CD/DVD drive etc…to
store, process,and present spatial data.
2. Software:
- Includes software like –Arc GIS, map
info, Geometrica, Autodesk Map –to
perform GIS operation.

12. 3. Data:
Geographical data in-form of hard
copy map ,digital map, aerial
photos , satellite images, statistical
tables, other documents –used for
GIS operations.
4 . Procedure and Analysis:
To complete task - procedures are
performed using - hardware and
software.

13. 5. Experts and skilled personnel:
- Experts with knowledge area
required to apply GIS properly.
- Different types of users are using
GIS at different level.

15. What are the main functions of a
GIS?
-Data capture: digitising , scanning,
importing manual data entry.
-Data storage and management :
database design, data integration.
-Data manipulation/editing: cleaning
and editing of data ,dissolving
boundaries , layering, geo
referencing.
-Data display: display of spatial and
attribute.

16. Maps contains features such
as….Point , line, Area and Surface
 Maps contain POINT features, LINE
features and AREA features
 Point features:- wells, control
points , sample sites, fire stations
 Line features:- roads ,hydro lines ,
rivers, contour lines,
 Area features:- urban areas , water
bodies , soil/rock units , forest
areas.

17. Points Features
 Spatially distributed entities,
activities or events
 Points have a single geographic
coordinate such as:
Tree
Traffic accident
Lamp post

19. Area Features
 Spatially distributed entities,
activities or events
 Areas (polygons) are a series of
geographic coordinates joined
together to form a boundary such
as:
Lake
Soil types

21. References
 Self Instructional material
 www.gis.com
 www.gis images.com