Cyber forensics involves the secure collection and examination of digital evidence from a variety of sources without altering the original data. This includes networks, small devices, storage media, and code. The process consists of acquiring evidence, authenticating any copies made, and analyzing the data without modification. Key principles are documenting all actions, creating forensic copies to preserve the original, and hashing copies to verify their integrity. The goal is to identify relevant evidence through examination while maintaining evidentiary standards for court.
Encryption: Who, What, When, Where, and Why It's Not a PanaceaResilient Systems
Encryption is a crucial and powerful tool in any organization's data protection / privacy arsenal. But to be effective, it must be applied properly. And even then it's not a silver bullet, including from a privacy breach disclosure perspective.
This webinar will discuss:
- Encryption vs. hashing: what is it, and when might you want to use one over the other?
- Practical considerations: implementation options and their merits
- Legal considerations: encryption requirements, benefits and restrictions
- Legal limitations: situations in which encryption is not enough
Our featured speakers for this webinar will be:
- Suhna Pierce, Associate, Morrison Foerster
- Gant Redmon, Esq. CIPP/US, General Counsel & VP of Business Development, Co3 Systems
Are you a CIPP holder? (CIPP/US, CIPP/C, CIPP/E, CIPP/G and CIPP/IT) Attend this webinar for CPE credit.
Encryption: Who, What, When, Where, and Why It's Not a PanaceaResilient Systems
Encryption is a crucial and powerful tool in any organization's data protection / privacy arsenal. But to be effective, it must be applied properly. And even then it's not a silver bullet, including from a privacy breach disclosure perspective.
This webinar will discuss:
- Encryption vs. hashing: what is it, and when might you want to use one over the other?
- Practical considerations: implementation options and their merits
- Legal considerations: encryption requirements, benefits and restrictions
- Legal limitations: situations in which encryption is not enough
Our featured speakers for this webinar will be:
- Suhna Pierce, Associate, Morrison Foerster
- Gant Redmon, Esq. CIPP/US, General Counsel & VP of Business Development, Co3 Systems
Are you a CIPP holder? (CIPP/US, CIPP/C, CIPP/E, CIPP/G and CIPP/IT) Attend this webinar for CPE credit.
Digital Forensics is the use of scientifically derived and proven methods toward the preservation, collection, validation, identification, analysis, interpretation, documentation, and presentation of digital evidence derived from digital devices.
Investigative Tools and Equipments for Cyber Crime by Raghu KhimaniDr Raghu Khimani
Details of which tools and equipment can be used for investigating cybercrime are explained well in the easy language. Also, Data Recovery is explained well.
The presentation is all about computer forensics. the process , the tools and its features and some example scenarios.. It will give you a great insight into the computer forensics
Current Forensic tools: evaluating computer forensic tool needs, computer forensics software tools, computer forensics hardware tools, validating and testing forensics software E-Mail Investigations: Exploring the role of e-mail in investigation, exploring the roles of the client and server in e-mail, investigating e-mail crimes and violations, understanding e-mail servers, using specialized e-mail forensic tools. Cell phone and mobile device forensics: Understanding mobile device forensics, understanding acquisition procedures for cell phones and mobile devices
Anti forensics-techniques-for-browsing-artifactsgaurang17
Anti-forensics refers to any technique, gadget or software designed to hamper a computer investigation. Achieve Security using Anti Forensics. Anti-forensics Includes: Encryption, stenography, disk cleaning, file wiping. Anti-Forensics mainly for the security purpose.For confidentiality of Information or Securing the Web-Transaction. Smart Criminals are using it to Harden the forensic Investigation.
Forensics analysis and validation: Determining what data to collect and analyze, validating forensic data, addressing data-hiding techniques, performing remote acquisitions Network Forensics: Network forensics overview, performing live acquisitions, developing standard procedures for network forensics, using network tools, examining the honeynet project.
Understand the operations necessary to protect and control information processing assets
Identify the security services available
Know the process and techniques that can be implemented to keep the system operational when faced with threats
Digital Forensics is the use of scientifically derived and proven methods toward the preservation, collection, validation, identification, analysis, interpretation, documentation, and presentation of digital evidence derived from digital devices.
Investigative Tools and Equipments for Cyber Crime by Raghu KhimaniDr Raghu Khimani
Details of which tools and equipment can be used for investigating cybercrime are explained well in the easy language. Also, Data Recovery is explained well.
The presentation is all about computer forensics. the process , the tools and its features and some example scenarios.. It will give you a great insight into the computer forensics
Current Forensic tools: evaluating computer forensic tool needs, computer forensics software tools, computer forensics hardware tools, validating and testing forensics software E-Mail Investigations: Exploring the role of e-mail in investigation, exploring the roles of the client and server in e-mail, investigating e-mail crimes and violations, understanding e-mail servers, using specialized e-mail forensic tools. Cell phone and mobile device forensics: Understanding mobile device forensics, understanding acquisition procedures for cell phones and mobile devices
Anti forensics-techniques-for-browsing-artifactsgaurang17
Anti-forensics refers to any technique, gadget or software designed to hamper a computer investigation. Achieve Security using Anti Forensics. Anti-forensics Includes: Encryption, stenography, disk cleaning, file wiping. Anti-Forensics mainly for the security purpose.For confidentiality of Information or Securing the Web-Transaction. Smart Criminals are using it to Harden the forensic Investigation.
Forensics analysis and validation: Determining what data to collect and analyze, validating forensic data, addressing data-hiding techniques, performing remote acquisitions Network Forensics: Network forensics overview, performing live acquisitions, developing standard procedures for network forensics, using network tools, examining the honeynet project.
Understand the operations necessary to protect and control information processing assets
Identify the security services available
Know the process and techniques that can be implemented to keep the system operational when faced with threats
Forensic science is a scientific method of gathering and examining information about the past which is then used in the court of law. Digital Forensics is the use of scientifically derived and proven methods toward the preservation, collection, validation, identification, analysis, interpretation, documentation, and presentation of digital evidence derived from digital devices for the purpose of facilitation or furthering the reconstruction of events found to be criminal, or helping to anticipate unauthorized actions shown to be disruptive to planned operations.
Introduction to Cyber forensics: Information Security Investigations, Corporate Cyber Forensics, Scientific method in forensic analysis, investigating large scale Data breach cases.
Analyzing Malicious software.
computer forensics by amritanshu kaushikamritanshu4u
Please find the slide about information related to Computer forensics. If you find it useful please mention in comment and mention any topic on which you want information.
Draft current state of digital forensic and data science Damir Delija
In this presentation we will introduce current state of digital forensics, its positioning in general IT security and relations with data science and data analyses. Many strong links exist among this technical and scientific fields, usually this links are not taken into consideration. For data owners, forensic researchers and investigators this connections and data views presents additional hidden values.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
3. 3
3
• Includes:
• Networks (Network Forensics)
• Small Scale Digital Devices
• Storage Media (Computer forensics)
• Code Analysis
Cyber Forensics
4. 4
4
Cyber Forensic Activities
Cyber forensics activities commonly include:
the secure collection of computer data
the identification of suspect data
the examination of suspect data to determine
details such as origin and content
the presentation of computer-based information
to courts of law
the application of a country's laws to computer
practice.
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5
The 3 As
The basic methodology consists of the 3
As:
–Acquire the evidence without altering or
damaging the original
–Authenticate the image
–Analyze the data without modifying it
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Crime Scenes
Physical Crime Scenes vs. Cyber/Digital
Crime Scenes
Overlapping principals
The basics of criminalistics are constant
across both physical and cyber/digital
Locard’s Principle applies
– “When a person commits a crime something is always left
at the scene of the crime that was not present when the
person arrived”
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Digital Crime Scene
Digital Evidence
– Digital data that establish that a crime has been
committed, can provide a link between a crime and its
victim, or can provide a link between a crime and the
perpetrator (Carrier & Spafford, 2003)
Digital Crime Scene
– The electronic environment where digital evidence can
potentially exist (Rogers, 2005)
– Primary & Secondary Digital Scene(s) as well
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Forensic Principles
Digital/ Electronic evidence is extremely volatile!
Once the evidence is contaminated it cannot be de-
contaminated!
The courts acceptance is based on the best evidence
principle
– With computer data, printouts or other output readable by
sight, and bit stream copies adhere to this principle.
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Cyber Forensic Principles
● The 6 Principles are:
1. When dealing with digital evidence, all of the general
forensic and procedural principles must be applied.
2. Upon seizing digital evidence, actions taken should not
change that evidence.
3. When it is necessary for a person to access original digital
evidence, that person should be trained for the purpose.
4. All activity relating to the seizure, access, storage or
transfer of digital evidence must be fully documented,
preserved and available for review.
5. An Individual is responsible for all actions taken with
respect to digital evidence whilst the digital evidence is in
their possession.
6. Any agency, which is responsible for seizing, accessing,
storing or transferring digital evidence is responsible for
compliance with these principles.
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Identification
The first step is identifying evidence
and potential containers of evidence
More difficult than it sounds
Small scale devices
Non-traditional storage media
Multiple possible crime scenes
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Identification
Context of the investigation is very
important
Do not operate in a vacuum!
Do not overlook non-electronic
sources of evidence
Manuals, papers, printouts, etc.
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Collection
Care must be taken to minimize
contamination
Collect or seize the system(s)
Create forensic image
Live or Static?
Do you own the system
What does your policy say?
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Collection: Documentation
●Take detailed photos and notes of the computer / monitor
– If the computer is “on”, take photos of what is displayed on the monitor – DO NOT
ALTER THE SCENE
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● Rule of Thumb: make 2 copies and don’t work
from the original (if possible)
● A file copy does not recover all data areas of the
device for examination
● Working from a duplicate image
– Preserves the original evidence
– Prevents inadvertent alteration of original evidence
during examination
– Allows recreation of the duplicate image if necessary
Collection: Imaging
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Collection: Imaging
Forensic Copies (Bitstream)
Bit for Bit copying captures all the data on the copied
media including hidden and residual data (e.g., slack
space, swap, residue, unused space, deleted files etc.)
Often the “smoking gun” is found in the residual
data.
Imaging from a disk (drive) to a file is becoming
the norm
Multiple cases stored on same media
No risk of data leakage from underlying media
Remember avoid working for original
Use a write blocker even when examining a
copy!
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Imaging: Authenticity & Integrity
●How do we demonstrate that the image is a true unaltered copy of the
original?
-Hashing (MD5, SHA 256)
●A mathematical algorithm that produces a unique value (128 Bit, 512
Bit)
– Can be performed on various types of data (files, partitions, physical drive)
●The value can be used to demonstrate the integrity of your data
– Changes made to data will result in a different value
●The same process can be used to demonstrate the image has not
changed from time-1 to time-n
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Examination
Higher level look at the file system
representation of the data on the media
Verify integrity of image
– MD5, SHA1 etc.
Recover deleted files & folders
Determine keyword list
– What are you searching for
Determine time lines
– What is the timezone setting of the suspect system
– What time frame is of importance
– Graphical representation is very useful
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Examination
Examine directory
tree
– What looks out of place
– Stego tools installed
– Evidence Scrubbers
Perform keyword
searches
– Indexed
– Slack & unallocated space
Search for relevant
evidence types
• Hash sets can be useful
• Graphics
• Spreadsheets
• Hacking tools
• Etc.
Look for the obvious
first
When is enough
enough??
27. 27
Issues
lack of certification for tools
Lack of standards
lack of certification for professionals
lack of understanding by Judiciary
lack of curriculum accreditation
Rapid changes in technology!
Immature Scientific Discipline
27
Never do anything that might inadvertently cause something to be written to the suspect’s original media.
Whether analyzed on site or taken to the lab, it is essential to protect the integrity of the data.
A duplicate image, also known as a bit-copy, image, or clone, is an exact, bit-for-bit copy of the source media.
A duplicate image of a physical device will be a true, digital copy of the entire physical device, including partition tables, reserved areas, partitions and unused areas of the device.
A duplicate image of a logical drive will be a bit-for-bit copy of the original logical drive, including Boot Record, FATs, Root Directory, Data Area, and Partition Slack.
Developed in 1994, MD5 is a one-way hash algorithm that takes any length of data and produces a 128 bit value, that is a “fingerprint” or “message digest”. This value is “non-reversible”; it is “computationally infeasible” to determine the data based on the value. This means someone cannot figure out your data based on its MD5 value. Here is an example of a MD5 output for the data area:
Processing Data Area: sectors 3246-1648013
MD5 Checksum for: Data Area = 945df74c54de310690e17487d6203876
The actual value is 945df74c54de310690e17487d6203876
A mathematical algorithm was applied to the "Data area" to produce the value (to learn the mathematical details about the algorithm, check out RFC 1321 at http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/rfc/rfc1321.txt.) Every time an MD5 hash is performed on the data area, it should result in the exact same value. If a different value is obtained, then the data area has been altered.
Source: www.enteract.com/~lspitz/md5.html
Definitions
Hash — A hash value (or simply hash) is a number generated from a string of data. The hash is substantially smaller than the data itself, and is generated by a formula in such a way that it is extremely unlikely that some other data will produce the same hash value.
One-way hash function — An algorithm that turns data into a fixed string of digits, usually for security or data management purposes. The "one way" means that it's nearly impossible to derive the original data from the string.
Message Digest (MD) — The representation of data in the form of a single string of digits, created using a formula called a one-way hash function.
Algorithm — A formula or set of steps for solving a particular problem. To be an algorithm, a set of rules must be unambiguous and have a clear stopping point.