Clouds form when water vapor condenses into liquid water or ice particles in the atmosphere. Tiny water droplets or ice crystals make up clouds and are suspended due to temperature and humidity conditions. Clouds require condensation nuclei like dust or salt particles for water vapor to condense around and form cloud droplets. The composition and type of cloud depends on factors like temperature, humidity, and whether droplets or ice crystals make up the cloud.

1. ASSIGNMENT-1
COMPRE-DECK
FAGARANG, AMER KEITH L.
MTS4-B1

2. CLOUD
A cloud is a mass of water drops or ice
crystals suspended in the atmosphere.
Clouds form when water condenses in
the sky. The condensation lets us see the
water vapor.
CLOUD
COMPOSITION
Clouds are made up of tiny droplets of
water or ice crystals that are suspended
in the atmosphere. These droplets or
crystals form when water vapor in the air
cools and condenses into liquid or solid
form. The exact composition of a cloud
can vary depending on the type of
cloud, the temperature and humidity
conditions, and other factors.

3. ANSWER ...
Clouds are formed when air contains as much water
vapor (gas) as it can hold. This is called the
saturation point, and it can be reached in two ways.
First, moisture accumulates until it reaches the
maximum amount the volume of air can hold. The
other method reduces the temperature of the
moisture filled air, which in turn lowers the amount
of moisture it can contain. Saturation, therefore, is
reached through evaporation and condensation,
respectively. When saturation occurs, moisture
becomes visible water droplets in the form of fog
and clouds.
Why clouds form when air containing water vapour
rises, cools adiabatically and become saturated?

4. CONDENSATION NUCLEI
Cloud condensation nuclei are very small particles, typically
about 0.0001 mm in diameter (1% the size of cloud droplets),
that serves as a surface for water vapor to condense onto. They
play an important role not just in cloud droplet formation, but
the formation of raindrops and snowflakes.
Condensation nuclei are essential to the formation of clouds.
Just as water droplets form at the surface of the earth on
metal, glass, and plants, the condensation nuclei act as a
surface in the air that water vapor can attach to form water
droplets. Condensation nuclei are necessary to form clouds.
Without condensation nuclei, there would be no clouds in
the sky. For water vapor (gas) to convert to water droplets
(liquid), the gas needs a surface for condensation to occur.

5. DID YOU KNOW ...
Clouds consist entirely of water droplets, entirely
of ice crystals, or of a mixture of water droplets
and ice crystals, with crystals predominating in
the colder, upper regions of the troposphere.
Mixed clouds occur only when the cloud
temperature is below 0 °C (32 °F). In such clouds
the ice crystals will grow preferentially with
respect to the water droplets as water vapour
evaporates from the droplets and deposits onto
the ice crystals. Thus, mixed clouds last for only
short times before becoming all ice crystals.

6. 03
01 05
Warm air rises
and cools
The relative
humidity of
the air
increases
Air eventually
becomes
saturated
Water vapor
condenses on
smoke, dust,
salt, and other
small particals
Millions of tiny
water drops of
liquid water
collect to form
a cloud
STAGES
OF CLOUD FORMATION
02 04

7. ADVECTION
Advection occurs
any time an airmass
moves. When a
warm airmass
moves into an area
previously occupied
by a cooler airmass,
Warm Air Advection
(WAA) occurs. Cold
air replacing warm
air is known as Cold
Air Advection (CAA).
EVAPORATION
Evaporation is the
process that changes
liquid water to
gaseous water (water
vapor). Water moves
from the Earth's
surface to the
atmosphere via
evaporation.
Evaporation occurs
when energy (heat)
forces the bonds that
hold water molecules
together to break.
CLOUD
FORMATION
Clouds are formed
when water droplets
and ice crystals
combine to form a
floating mass in the
sky. When the
atmospheric
condition is just right,
water vapour
combines with
aerosol particulates
and condensation
occurs.
PRECIPITATION
Precipitation is any
result of
atmospheric water
vapour
condensation that
comes under cloud
gravity. The main
types of
precipitation
include drizzle, rain,
sleet, snow, ice
pellets, graupel, and
hail.
DEFINITIONS

8. EARTH’S
HYDROLOGICAL
CYCLE
When molecules of water vapor return to
liquid or solid form, they create cloud
droplets that can fall back to Earth as rain
or snow—a process called condensation.
Most precipitation lands in the oceans.
Precipitation that falls onto land flows into
rivers, streams, and lakes. Some of it seeps
into the soil where it is held underground
as groundwater.
When warmed by the sun, water on the
surface of oceans and freshwater bodies
evaporates, forming a vapor. Water vapor
rises into the atmosphere, where it
condenses, forming clouds. It then falls
back to the ground as precipitation.
Moisture can also enter the atmosphere
directly from ice or snow. In a process called
sublimation, solid water, such as ice or
snow, can transform directly into water
vapor without first becoming a liquid.
The Earth’s water cycle began
about 3.8 billion years ago when
rain fell on a cooling Earth,
forming the oceans. The rain
came from water vapor that
escaped the magma in the
Earth’s molten core into the
atmosphere. Energy from the
sun helped power the water
cycle and Earth’s gravity kept
water in the atmosphere from
leaving the planet.
The oceans hold about 97
percent of the water on Earth.
About 1.7 percent of Earth’s
water is stored in polar ice caps
and glaciers. Rivers, lakes, and
soil hold approximately 1.7
percent. A tiny fraction—just
0.001 percent—exists in the
Earth’s atmosphere as water
vapor.

9. CUMULUS
Cumulus clouds are the clouds you learned
to draw at an early age and that serve as the
symbol of all clouds. Their tops are rounded,
puffy, and a brilliant white when sunlit, while
their bottoms are flat and relatively dark.
They develop on clear, sunny days when the
sun heats the ground directly below. This is
where they get their nickname of "fair
weather" clouds. They appear in the late
morning, grow, and then disappear toward
evening.

10. STRATUS
Stratus clouds hang low in the sky as a flat,
featureless, uniform layer of grayish cloud.
They resemble fog that hugs the horizon.
Stratus clouds are seen on dreary, overcast
days and are associated with light mist or
drizzle.

11. CIRRUS
They are high feathery clouds. They are up
so high they are actually made of ice
particles. They are indicators of fair weather
when they are scattered in a clear blue sky.

12. NIMBUS
Nimbus is another word associated with
clouds. Adding “nimbus” means
precipitation is falling from the cloud.

13. CUMULONIMBUS
Cumulonimbus clouds are the
“thunderheads” that can be seen on a warm
summer day and can bring strong winds,
hail, and rain.

14. NIMBOSTRATUS
Nimbostratus clouds will bring a long
steady rain.

15. FOG
Fog is a cloud that touches the ground. Fog shows up when
water vapor, or water in its gaseous form, condenses.
During condensation, molecules of water vapor combine to
make tiny liquid water droplets that hang in the air. You can
see fog because of these tiny water droplets. Water vapor, a
gas, is invisible.
Fog happens when it’s very, very humid. There has to be a lot of
water vapor in the air for fog to form.
In order for fog to form, dust or some kind of air pollution needs
to be in the air. Water vapor condenses around
these microscopic solid particles.

16. CUMULUS, STRATUS,
STRATOCUMULUS
Low-level clouds occur below 6500 feet, and normally
consist of liquid water droplets or even super cooled
droplets, except during cold winter storms when ice
crystals (and snow) comprise much of the clouds.
ABOUT
ALTOCUMULUS,
NIMBOSTRATUS, ALTOSTRATUS
Medium-level clouds that form between 6,500 and 20,000 feet
(1981–6,096 m) Depending on the altitude, time of year, and
vertical temperature structure of the troposphere, these clouds
may be composed of liquid water droplets, ice crystals, or a
combination of the two, including super cooled droplets
ABOUT
CLOUD CLASSIFICATONS

17. CIRRUS, CIRROCUMULUS,
CIRROSTRATUS
High-level clouds that form above 20,000 feet (6,096 m) Due
to cold tropospheric temperatures at these levels, the clouds
primarily are composed of ice crystals, and often appear
thin, streaky, and white
ABOUT
CUMULONIMBUS
Cumulonimbus, which tower across
the low, middle, and upper
atmosphere
ABOUT
CLOUD CLASSIFICATONS

18. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
QUESTIONS