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Compare the models and information found with Nonaka
Solution
developed a four stage spiral model of organizational learning. They started by differentiating
Polanyi's concept of "tacit knowledge" from "explicit knowledge" and describe a process of
alternating between the two. Tacit knowledge is personal, context specific, subjective
knowledge, whereas explicit knowledge is codified, systematic, formal, and easy to
communicate. The tacit knowledge of key personnel within the organization can be made
explicit, codified in manuals, and incorporated into new products and processes. This process
they called "externalization". The reverse process (from explicit to tacit) they call
"internalization" because it involves employees internalizing an organization's formal rules,
procedures, and other forms of explicit knowledge. They also use the term "socialization" to
denote the sharing of tacit knowledge, and the term "combination" to denote the dissemination
of codified knowledge. According to this model, knowledge creation and organizational learning
take a path of socialization, externalization, combination, internalization, socialization,
externalization, combination . . . etc. in an infinite spiral. Recently Nonaka returned to this theme
in an attempt to move this model of knowledge conversion forwards.
Social media challenge knowledge management because of encouraging conversations,
networking and participation in more distributed, diverse and dynamic ways of knowledge
development and increasingly important individuals

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Compare the models and information found with NonakaSolutiondeveloped (1).docx

  • 1. Compare the models and information found with Nonaka Solution developed a four stage spiral model of organizational learning. They started by differentiating Polanyi's concept of "tacit knowledge" from "explicit knowledge" and describe a process of alternating between the two. Tacit knowledge is personal, context specific, subjective knowledge, whereas explicit knowledge is codified, systematic, formal, and easy to communicate. The tacit knowledge of key personnel within the organization can be made explicit, codified in manuals, and incorporated into new products and processes. This process they called "externalization". The reverse process (from explicit to tacit) they call "internalization" because it involves employees internalizing an organization's formal rules, procedures, and other forms of explicit knowledge. They also use the term "socialization" to denote the sharing of tacit knowledge, and the term "combination" to denote the dissemination of codified knowledge. According to this model, knowledge creation and organizational learning take a path of socialization, externalization, combination, internalization, socialization, externalization, combination . . . etc. in an infinite spiral. Recently Nonaka returned to this theme in an attempt to move this model of knowledge conversion forwards. Social media challenge knowledge management because of encouraging conversations, networking and participation in more distributed, diverse and dynamic ways of knowledge development and increasingly important individuals