This document discusses the formation of comparatives and superlatives in English. It explains that adjectives are made comparative by adding "-er" or "-more" and superlative by adding "-est" or using "the most/the least". Exceptions to these rules are provided for different types of adjectives based on their syllable structure. Examples are given to illustrate the use of comparatives for comparing two items and superlatives for comparing three or more items. Irregular forms are also listed.

1. Comparatives and Superlatives

2. Adjective form Only one syllable, ending in E. Examples: wide, fine, cute Comparative Add -R: wider, finer, cuter Superlative Add -ST: widest, finest, cutest

3. Adjective form Only one syllable, with one vowel and one consonant at the end. Examples: hot, big, fat Comparative : Double the consonant, and add -ER : hotter, bigger, fatter Superlative : Double the consonant, and add -EST : hottest, biggest, fattest

4. Adjective form Only one syllable, with more than one vowel or more than one consonant at the end. Examples: light, neat, fast Comparatives Add -ER: lighter, neater, faster Superlatives Add -EST : lightest, neatest, fastest

5. Adjective form Two syllables, ending in Y. Examples: happy, silly, lonely Change Y to I, then add Comparative: -ER: happier, sillier, lonelier Superlative : -EST: happiest, silliest, loneliest

6. Adjective form Two syllables or more, not ending in Y. Examples: modern, interesting, beautiful Use MORE before the adjective: more modern, more interesting, more beautiful Use THE MOST before the adjective: most modern, most interesting, most beautiful.

7. Comparatives Comparatives are used to compare two things. You can use sentences with THAN, or you can use a conjunction like BUT. Examples: Jiro is taller than Yukio. Yukio is tall, but Jiro is taller.

8. Superlatives Superlatives are used to compare more than two things. Superlative sentences usually use THE, because there is only one superlative. Examples: Masami is the tallest in the class. Yukio is tall, and Jiro is taller, but Masami is the tall est .

9. Irregular : comparatives/superlatives good-better-the best well-better-the best bad-worse-the worst far-further-the furthest little – less-the least

10. Adverbs vs adjectives: more slowly/ slower more quickly / quicker

11. The more...the more... The more he does it the more I like it The more difficult it seems the harder you must try The more the better The more the merrier

12. Comparisons of equality When two things that are the same are compared … the pattern used is: as + adjective + as or as + adverb + as . George isn't as patient as Kevin. My mother drives as carefully as my father.

13. More examples George is two years older than Kevin. George is happier than Kevin. Alice is a sweeter person than Marilyn.

14. More examples George is more impatient than Kevin. Alice is a more patient person than Marilyn. Kevin speaks more slowly than George.