Burns are a serious public health problem. A burn is defined as an injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat or due to radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction or contact with chemicals
This document provides an overview of inflammation and chronic inflammation. It begins by defining acute and chronic inflammation, noting that chronic inflammation results when an injurious agent causes acute inflammation for a prolonged duration. Chronic inflammation is characterized by the dominant presence of macrophages and tissue destruction. The document then discusses the key cells involved in chronic inflammation, including macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and fibroblasts. It also outlines some prosthodontic causes and presentations of inflammation, such as denture stomatitis and peri-implant diseases. Treatment approaches focus on resolution of the inflammatory process and its underlying causes.
This document provides an overview of burns, including:
- Definitions of burns as injuries caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation.
- The pathophysiology of burns, including the zones of injury and systemic responses affecting the kidneys, gut and lungs.
- Classification of burns by depth, extent of body surface area burned, and mechanism.
- Common complications of burns like infection, pulmonary issues, and metabolic and fluid shifts.
- The goal of fluid resuscitation to maintain circulation and protocols like the Parkland formula for calculating fluid needs.
This document provides an overview of vitiligo, including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, classification, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points are:
- Vitiligo is a skin condition characterized by loss of pigment-producing cells that results in white patches on the skin. It affects around 0.5-1% of the population worldwide.
- The precise causes are unknown but are believed to involve genetic and environmental factors that may trigger an autoimmune response targeting melanocytes.
- Vitiligo can be classified based on the distribution of lesions as segmental, non-segmental, generalized, or other subtypes.
- Treatment options include phototherapy, topical
This document summarizes skin toxicology. It discusses the structure and functions of the skin, percutaneous absorption, and various skin diseases and conditions including occupational skin diseases, contact dermatitis, phototoxicity, granulomatous disease, acne, pigmentary disturbances, urticaria, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and skin cancer. It provides details on the causes, mechanisms, and characteristics of these diseases and conditions.
This document discusses modern burn care, which is divided into 4 phases:
1) Initial evaluation and resuscitation on days 1-3 involving accurate fluid resuscitation and evaluation of other injuries.
2) Initial wound excision and closure using staged operations to change the natural history of the disease during the first few days.
3) Definitive wound closure replacing temporary covers with permanent ones, and reconstruction of complex areas like the face and hands.
4) Rehabilitation, reconstruction and reintegration beginning during resuscitation but becoming more involved later in the hospital stay.
Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by thickened patches of red skin covered by silvery scales. It occurs when the immune system causes skin cells to grow too quickly. The document defines psoriasis and describes the main types, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options including topical therapies, phototherapy, and systemic medications that target the immune system. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and scaling based on the severity and location of symptoms.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis TEN is a rare but serious dermatological emergency characterized by diffuse exfoliation of the skin and mucous membranes due to immune mediated destruction of the epidermis which can lead to sepsis and respiratory distress. Early diagnosis and aggressive medical care is essential for the reduction of high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Toxic epidermal necrolysis TEN is a rare, acute, severe mucocutaneous reaction commonly presenting following medication use antiepileptic drugs, Corticosteroids, Antiretroviral drugs abacavir and nevirapine, Antibiotics, Allopurinol, NSAIDs non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs . A 20 year old girl presented with altered sensorium, fever, generalized erythematous skin rashes and facial puffiness she is under ant tubercular therapy, corticosteroids and phenytoin, characteristics of Toxic Epidural Necrolysis. Dr. Mary Minolin T | Padmavathi M "Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd53869.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/53869/toxic-epidermal-necrolysis-a-case-report/dr-mary-minolin-t
This document discusses burn management and provides details on epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and emergency care for burns. It is divided into multiple sections:
1) Epidemiology in Egypt - Domestic burns account for 75% of injuries. Females experience more scald burns at home while males experience more electric and flame burns outdoors.
2) Etiology and types - Common causes are scalds, flames, flashes, and electrical burns. Water temperature and contact time determine scald depth.
3) Emergency management - Airway protection, oxygen supplementation, fluid resuscitation based on burn size, and wound assessment and cooling (if small burn) are priorities in the emergency setting.
This document provides an overview of inflammation and chronic inflammation. It begins by defining acute and chronic inflammation, noting that chronic inflammation results when an injurious agent causes acute inflammation for a prolonged duration. Chronic inflammation is characterized by the dominant presence of macrophages and tissue destruction. The document then discusses the key cells involved in chronic inflammation, including macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and fibroblasts. It also outlines some prosthodontic causes and presentations of inflammation, such as denture stomatitis and peri-implant diseases. Treatment approaches focus on resolution of the inflammatory process and its underlying causes.
This document provides an overview of burns, including:
- Definitions of burns as injuries caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation.
- The pathophysiology of burns, including the zones of injury and systemic responses affecting the kidneys, gut and lungs.
- Classification of burns by depth, extent of body surface area burned, and mechanism.
- Common complications of burns like infection, pulmonary issues, and metabolic and fluid shifts.
- The goal of fluid resuscitation to maintain circulation and protocols like the Parkland formula for calculating fluid needs.
This document provides an overview of vitiligo, including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, classification, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points are:
- Vitiligo is a skin condition characterized by loss of pigment-producing cells that results in white patches on the skin. It affects around 0.5-1% of the population worldwide.
- The precise causes are unknown but are believed to involve genetic and environmental factors that may trigger an autoimmune response targeting melanocytes.
- Vitiligo can be classified based on the distribution of lesions as segmental, non-segmental, generalized, or other subtypes.
- Treatment options include phototherapy, topical
This document summarizes skin toxicology. It discusses the structure and functions of the skin, percutaneous absorption, and various skin diseases and conditions including occupational skin diseases, contact dermatitis, phototoxicity, granulomatous disease, acne, pigmentary disturbances, urticaria, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and skin cancer. It provides details on the causes, mechanisms, and characteristics of these diseases and conditions.
This document discusses modern burn care, which is divided into 4 phases:
1) Initial evaluation and resuscitation on days 1-3 involving accurate fluid resuscitation and evaluation of other injuries.
2) Initial wound excision and closure using staged operations to change the natural history of the disease during the first few days.
3) Definitive wound closure replacing temporary covers with permanent ones, and reconstruction of complex areas like the face and hands.
4) Rehabilitation, reconstruction and reintegration beginning during resuscitation but becoming more involved later in the hospital stay.
Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by thickened patches of red skin covered by silvery scales. It occurs when the immune system causes skin cells to grow too quickly. The document defines psoriasis and describes the main types, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options including topical therapies, phototherapy, and systemic medications that target the immune system. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and scaling based on the severity and location of symptoms.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis TEN is a rare but serious dermatological emergency characterized by diffuse exfoliation of the skin and mucous membranes due to immune mediated destruction of the epidermis which can lead to sepsis and respiratory distress. Early diagnosis and aggressive medical care is essential for the reduction of high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Toxic epidermal necrolysis TEN is a rare, acute, severe mucocutaneous reaction commonly presenting following medication use antiepileptic drugs, Corticosteroids, Antiretroviral drugs abacavir and nevirapine, Antibiotics, Allopurinol, NSAIDs non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs . A 20 year old girl presented with altered sensorium, fever, generalized erythematous skin rashes and facial puffiness she is under ant tubercular therapy, corticosteroids and phenytoin, characteristics of Toxic Epidural Necrolysis. Dr. Mary Minolin T | Padmavathi M "Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd53869.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/53869/toxic-epidermal-necrolysis-a-case-report/dr-mary-minolin-t
This document discusses burn management and provides details on epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and emergency care for burns. It is divided into multiple sections:
1) Epidemiology in Egypt - Domestic burns account for 75% of injuries. Females experience more scald burns at home while males experience more electric and flame burns outdoors.
2) Etiology and types - Common causes are scalds, flames, flashes, and electrical burns. Water temperature and contact time determine scald depth.
3) Emergency management - Airway protection, oxygen supplementation, fluid resuscitation based on burn size, and wound assessment and cooling (if small burn) are priorities in the emergency setting.
This document discusses Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and erythema multiforme (EM). It defines SJS and TEN as rare, life-threatening diseases caused by extensive keratinocyte cell death. SJS is distinguished from TEN based on the extent of epidermal detachment. The document outlines risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis, management including wound care, and complications of SJS, TEN and EM. Management involves discontinuing causative drugs, fluid and electrolyte replacement, nutritional support, wound dressing, and in some cases corticosteroids, cyclosporine or IV immunoglobulins. Progn
Pediatric burn injuries require specialized management due to children having limited physiologic reserves. Scald burns are most common in young children and abuse must be ruled out. Fluid resuscitation follows the Parkland formula and aims to maintain blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output. Wounds are debrided and covered to prevent infection while excision and grafting are used for deeper burns. Inhalation injuries require pulmonary support and burn patients are at high risk for infections due to immunosuppression. Hypermetabolism persists for months requiring aggressive calorie and protein supplementation.
The document provides guidance on the management of burn patients. It outlines the priorities of assessment and management, including determining burn severity based on surface area and depth. It describes the 'Rule of 9s' method for estimating burn surface area in adults. It also provides details on wound care, including cleaning, dressing, signs of infection, and the use of topical antibiotics. The healing process and long-term considerations are discussed as well. Nutrition is emphasized as critical for recovery.
This document provides information on desquamative gingivitis, including its classification, diagnosis, and associated diseases. It classifies desquamative gingivitis into 7 categories including dermatosis, endocrine imbalance, aging, metabolic disturbances, abnormal response to irritation, chronic infection, and drug reactions. Key aspects of diagnosis include clinical history, examination, biopsy, and microscopic/immunofluorescence examination. Associated diseases discussed in detail include lichen planus, pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, chronic ulcerative stomatitis, and linear IgA disease. Treatment varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms.
Burns are an injury to the skin or tissues caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, or other energy transfers. They are a global public health problem, especially in low and middle income countries. Children and women are particularly vulnerable. Common causes of burns include hot liquids, flames, and chemicals. Burns are classified based on depth, severity, and etiology. Local and systemic responses to burns involve inflammation, increased metabolism, and organ dysfunction. Accurately estimating the total body surface area burned guides management, which focuses on resuscitation, infection control, nutrition, and wound healing. Complications can include shock, renal failure, and contractures if not properly treated.
1) The document discusses the histology and layers of skin, classification and pathophysiology of burns by depth, and treatment approaches for burns. It covers first, second, third, and fourth degree burns.
2) Treatment involves addressing airway issues, IV fluids, antibiotics, dressing changes, and skin grafting for deep burns. Local treatment aims to protect burns from infection until healing.
3) Deep dermal burns require close monitoring to prevent infection from destroying epithelial remnants and converting them to full thickness burns. Early excision and grafting can prevent contractures compared to waiting a month for natural eschar separation.
The skin is the largest organ of the body. It protects the body from microbes, regulates temperature, and allows for sensation. The skin has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Burns are injuries caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation and are classified based on depth and extent of damage. Burn management involves emergent care to address life threats, the acute phase during wound healing, and rehabilitation to address scarring and return the patient to normal activities.
This document provides an overview of physiotherapy for burn patients. It discusses the types, causes, and classifications of burns including superficial, partial thickness, and full thickness burns. It also covers burn wound zones, complications of burns like infection and metabolic issues, and the general management of burns including first aid, hospital referral, early hospital management, and fluid replacement. The goal of physiotherapy is to prevent contractures and aid in rehabilitation.
Burns are common traumatic injuries caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals or radiation. They are classified based on depth and extent of tissue damage. First degree burns only damage the epidermis while second degree burns involve the dermis and cause blistering. Third degree burns fully destroy all layers of skin and may require surgery. Burn severity is determined by factors like total body surface area affected, depth, inhalation injury and patient age/health. Management involves airway control, fluid resuscitation, infection prevention, dressing, surgery and rehabilitation. Complications can include wound infections, contractures and psychological issues. Proper treatment aims to minimize tissue loss, prevent complications and optimize long-term function and appearance.
This document provides information about group members studying psoriasis and summarizes key points about the disease. It discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, types, diagnosis and first-line and second-line treatment options for psoriasis. Psoriasis is characterized by thickened, scaly skin plaques and is caused by an immune system problem involving T cells. Common types include plaque, guttate and pustular psoriasis. Treatment involves topical corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs and systemic drugs like methotrexate, cyclosporine and biologics that target T cells and inflammation.
This document discusses three surface infections - trachoma, tetanus, and leprosy. It describes the causative agents, clinical presentations, and the role of pharmacists in educating people and preventing the spread of these diseases. For each disease, it outlines the bacteria or virus that causes it, how it is transmitted, symptoms, treatment recommendations including antibiotics, immunizations, and importance of hygiene and wound care. The document emphasizes that pharmacists can help prevent these diseases through health education focused on sanitation, immunization, early detection and treatment, and addressing social factors.
The document discusses burns, including their causes, types, symptoms, assessment, and treatment. There are three types of burns - first, second, and third-degree - which damage increasing layers of skin. Burn assessment involves evaluating severity, location, and signs of infection or other injuries. Treatment focuses on pain management, wound care, nutrition, and grafting to aid healing and prevent complications.
This document provides information on bacterial skin infections (pyodermas). It discusses the main pathogens involved, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species. It describes the pathogenesis of pyodermas and the factors that can contribute to their development. The document classifies pyodermas and provides details on specific types such as vesiculopustulosis, Finger's pseudofurunculosis, epidemic pemphigus of newborns, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, folliculitis, furuncle, and carbuncle. Treatment options are mentioned for severe infections like staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome which typically requires hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics.
Mooren's ulcer is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by a chronic, painful peripheral corneal ulcer. It is more common in males and older individuals. Treatment involves a stepwise approach starting with topical steroids, then conjunctival resection to remove inflammatory cells, followed by systemic immunosuppressants if needed. Later stages may require additional surgeries like lamellar keratectomy or keratoplasty to promote healing and rehabilitation of the cornea. The goals are to arrest the destructive process and promote reepithelialization of the corneal surface.
Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by red patches covered with silvery scales. It most commonly affects the elbows, knees, scalp, back and torso. Factors like genetics, infections, stress, and certain medications can trigger flare-ups. Treatment involves topical creams and ointments, phototherapy using UV light, or systemic medications in severe cases. Managing stress and keeping skin moisturized can also help control symptoms.
Role of Triamcinolone in Hypertrophic scar and keloidDr. Hardik Dodia
Triamcinolone is a corticosteroid commonly used to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars. It works by suppressing inflammation and inhibiting collagen formation. It can be administered alone or in combination with other treatments like 5-FU, verapamil, bleomycin, laser therapy, pressure therapy, and silicone gel sheets. Combination treatments are generally more effective with fewer side effects. Triamcinolone reduces scar size and recurrence rates when used alone or after scar excision. However, side effects like skin atrophy and pigmentation changes can occur.
- The document discusses the anatomy, classification, pathophysiology, assessment, and management of pediatric burns. It describes the layers of the skin and how burns are classified based on depth. Management of minor burns involves debriding dead tissue, evaluating the wound, and applying semiocclusive dressings. Major burns require IV fluids and special attention to risks like hypothermia and fluid imbalance due to immature kidneys in young children.
This document contains 10 multiple choice questions about common skin diseases, along with explanations for each answer. The questions cover topics like scabies, psoriasis, tinea capitis, bullous pemphigoid, hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, and erythema induratum. The explanations provide details about the diagnoses, typical presentations, treatments, and pathogenic mechanisms of the various skin conditions.
This document provides information on erythematous nodulocystic acne vulgaris, including its definition, clinical manifestations, physical exam findings, diagnostic tests, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. Acne vulgaris is caused by abnormal desquamation of follicular epithelium leading to obstruction and inflammation. Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of lesions, ranging from topical retinoids and antibiotics for mild noninflammatory acne to oral isotretinoin for severe, treatment-resistant nodular cystic acne.
This document provides information on puncture wounds and their management. It discusses the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of various types of puncture wounds including those from high pressure injection injuries, animal bites, needle sticks, and more. Complications are outlined along with prevention and management recommendations. Imaging, wound care, debridement, antibiotics, and tetanus prophylaxis are frequently recommended depending on the wound type and risk of infection.
Chandrima Spa Ajman is one of the leading Massage Center in Ajman, which is open 24 hours exclusively for men. Being one of the most affordable Spa in Ajman, we offer Body to Body massage, Kerala Massage, Malayali Massage, Indian Massage, Pakistani Massage Russian massage, Thai massage, Swedish massage, Hot Stone Massage, Deep Tissue Massage, and many more. Indulge in the ultimate massage experience and book your appointment today. We are confident that you will leave our Massage spa feeling refreshed, rejuvenated, and ready to take on the world.
Visit : https://massagespaajman.com/
Call : 052 987 1315
This document discusses Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and erythema multiforme (EM). It defines SJS and TEN as rare, life-threatening diseases caused by extensive keratinocyte cell death. SJS is distinguished from TEN based on the extent of epidermal detachment. The document outlines risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis, management including wound care, and complications of SJS, TEN and EM. Management involves discontinuing causative drugs, fluid and electrolyte replacement, nutritional support, wound dressing, and in some cases corticosteroids, cyclosporine or IV immunoglobulins. Progn
Pediatric burn injuries require specialized management due to children having limited physiologic reserves. Scald burns are most common in young children and abuse must be ruled out. Fluid resuscitation follows the Parkland formula and aims to maintain blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output. Wounds are debrided and covered to prevent infection while excision and grafting are used for deeper burns. Inhalation injuries require pulmonary support and burn patients are at high risk for infections due to immunosuppression. Hypermetabolism persists for months requiring aggressive calorie and protein supplementation.
The document provides guidance on the management of burn patients. It outlines the priorities of assessment and management, including determining burn severity based on surface area and depth. It describes the 'Rule of 9s' method for estimating burn surface area in adults. It also provides details on wound care, including cleaning, dressing, signs of infection, and the use of topical antibiotics. The healing process and long-term considerations are discussed as well. Nutrition is emphasized as critical for recovery.
This document provides information on desquamative gingivitis, including its classification, diagnosis, and associated diseases. It classifies desquamative gingivitis into 7 categories including dermatosis, endocrine imbalance, aging, metabolic disturbances, abnormal response to irritation, chronic infection, and drug reactions. Key aspects of diagnosis include clinical history, examination, biopsy, and microscopic/immunofluorescence examination. Associated diseases discussed in detail include lichen planus, pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, chronic ulcerative stomatitis, and linear IgA disease. Treatment varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms.
Burns are an injury to the skin or tissues caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, or other energy transfers. They are a global public health problem, especially in low and middle income countries. Children and women are particularly vulnerable. Common causes of burns include hot liquids, flames, and chemicals. Burns are classified based on depth, severity, and etiology. Local and systemic responses to burns involve inflammation, increased metabolism, and organ dysfunction. Accurately estimating the total body surface area burned guides management, which focuses on resuscitation, infection control, nutrition, and wound healing. Complications can include shock, renal failure, and contractures if not properly treated.
1) The document discusses the histology and layers of skin, classification and pathophysiology of burns by depth, and treatment approaches for burns. It covers first, second, third, and fourth degree burns.
2) Treatment involves addressing airway issues, IV fluids, antibiotics, dressing changes, and skin grafting for deep burns. Local treatment aims to protect burns from infection until healing.
3) Deep dermal burns require close monitoring to prevent infection from destroying epithelial remnants and converting them to full thickness burns. Early excision and grafting can prevent contractures compared to waiting a month for natural eschar separation.
The skin is the largest organ of the body. It protects the body from microbes, regulates temperature, and allows for sensation. The skin has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Burns are injuries caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation and are classified based on depth and extent of damage. Burn management involves emergent care to address life threats, the acute phase during wound healing, and rehabilitation to address scarring and return the patient to normal activities.
This document provides an overview of physiotherapy for burn patients. It discusses the types, causes, and classifications of burns including superficial, partial thickness, and full thickness burns. It also covers burn wound zones, complications of burns like infection and metabolic issues, and the general management of burns including first aid, hospital referral, early hospital management, and fluid replacement. The goal of physiotherapy is to prevent contractures and aid in rehabilitation.
Burns are common traumatic injuries caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals or radiation. They are classified based on depth and extent of tissue damage. First degree burns only damage the epidermis while second degree burns involve the dermis and cause blistering. Third degree burns fully destroy all layers of skin and may require surgery. Burn severity is determined by factors like total body surface area affected, depth, inhalation injury and patient age/health. Management involves airway control, fluid resuscitation, infection prevention, dressing, surgery and rehabilitation. Complications can include wound infections, contractures and psychological issues. Proper treatment aims to minimize tissue loss, prevent complications and optimize long-term function and appearance.
This document provides information about group members studying psoriasis and summarizes key points about the disease. It discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, types, diagnosis and first-line and second-line treatment options for psoriasis. Psoriasis is characterized by thickened, scaly skin plaques and is caused by an immune system problem involving T cells. Common types include plaque, guttate and pustular psoriasis. Treatment involves topical corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs and systemic drugs like methotrexate, cyclosporine and biologics that target T cells and inflammation.
This document discusses three surface infections - trachoma, tetanus, and leprosy. It describes the causative agents, clinical presentations, and the role of pharmacists in educating people and preventing the spread of these diseases. For each disease, it outlines the bacteria or virus that causes it, how it is transmitted, symptoms, treatment recommendations including antibiotics, immunizations, and importance of hygiene and wound care. The document emphasizes that pharmacists can help prevent these diseases through health education focused on sanitation, immunization, early detection and treatment, and addressing social factors.
The document discusses burns, including their causes, types, symptoms, assessment, and treatment. There are three types of burns - first, second, and third-degree - which damage increasing layers of skin. Burn assessment involves evaluating severity, location, and signs of infection or other injuries. Treatment focuses on pain management, wound care, nutrition, and grafting to aid healing and prevent complications.
This document provides information on bacterial skin infections (pyodermas). It discusses the main pathogens involved, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species. It describes the pathogenesis of pyodermas and the factors that can contribute to their development. The document classifies pyodermas and provides details on specific types such as vesiculopustulosis, Finger's pseudofurunculosis, epidemic pemphigus of newborns, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, folliculitis, furuncle, and carbuncle. Treatment options are mentioned for severe infections like staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome which typically requires hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics.
Mooren's ulcer is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by a chronic, painful peripheral corneal ulcer. It is more common in males and older individuals. Treatment involves a stepwise approach starting with topical steroids, then conjunctival resection to remove inflammatory cells, followed by systemic immunosuppressants if needed. Later stages may require additional surgeries like lamellar keratectomy or keratoplasty to promote healing and rehabilitation of the cornea. The goals are to arrest the destructive process and promote reepithelialization of the corneal surface.
Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by red patches covered with silvery scales. It most commonly affects the elbows, knees, scalp, back and torso. Factors like genetics, infections, stress, and certain medications can trigger flare-ups. Treatment involves topical creams and ointments, phototherapy using UV light, or systemic medications in severe cases. Managing stress and keeping skin moisturized can also help control symptoms.
Role of Triamcinolone in Hypertrophic scar and keloidDr. Hardik Dodia
Triamcinolone is a corticosteroid commonly used to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars. It works by suppressing inflammation and inhibiting collagen formation. It can be administered alone or in combination with other treatments like 5-FU, verapamil, bleomycin, laser therapy, pressure therapy, and silicone gel sheets. Combination treatments are generally more effective with fewer side effects. Triamcinolone reduces scar size and recurrence rates when used alone or after scar excision. However, side effects like skin atrophy and pigmentation changes can occur.
- The document discusses the anatomy, classification, pathophysiology, assessment, and management of pediatric burns. It describes the layers of the skin and how burns are classified based on depth. Management of minor burns involves debriding dead tissue, evaluating the wound, and applying semiocclusive dressings. Major burns require IV fluids and special attention to risks like hypothermia and fluid imbalance due to immature kidneys in young children.
This document contains 10 multiple choice questions about common skin diseases, along with explanations for each answer. The questions cover topics like scabies, psoriasis, tinea capitis, bullous pemphigoid, hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, and erythema induratum. The explanations provide details about the diagnoses, typical presentations, treatments, and pathogenic mechanisms of the various skin conditions.
This document provides information on erythematous nodulocystic acne vulgaris, including its definition, clinical manifestations, physical exam findings, diagnostic tests, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. Acne vulgaris is caused by abnormal desquamation of follicular epithelium leading to obstruction and inflammation. Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of lesions, ranging from topical retinoids and antibiotics for mild noninflammatory acne to oral isotretinoin for severe, treatment-resistant nodular cystic acne.
This document provides information on puncture wounds and their management. It discusses the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of various types of puncture wounds including those from high pressure injection injuries, animal bites, needle sticks, and more. Complications are outlined along with prevention and management recommendations. Imaging, wound care, debridement, antibiotics, and tetanus prophylaxis are frequently recommended depending on the wound type and risk of infection.
Similar to Comparative study on efficacy of topical phenytoin and silver sulphadiazine in patients with 20 to 30% burns (20)
Chandrima Spa Ajman is one of the leading Massage Center in Ajman, which is open 24 hours exclusively for men. Being one of the most affordable Spa in Ajman, we offer Body to Body massage, Kerala Massage, Malayali Massage, Indian Massage, Pakistani Massage Russian massage, Thai massage, Swedish massage, Hot Stone Massage, Deep Tissue Massage, and many more. Indulge in the ultimate massage experience and book your appointment today. We are confident that you will leave our Massage spa feeling refreshed, rejuvenated, and ready to take on the world.
Visit : https://massagespaajman.com/
Call : 052 987 1315
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
R3 Stem Cell Therapy: A New Hope for Women with Ovarian FailureR3 Stem Cell
Discover the groundbreaking advancements in stem cell therapy by R3 Stem Cell, offering new hope for women with ovarian failure. This innovative treatment aims to restore ovarian function, improve fertility, and enhance overall well-being, revolutionizing reproductive health for women worldwide.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
By offering a variety of massage services, our Ajman Spa Massage Center can tackle physical, mental, and emotional illnesses. In addition, efficient identification of specific health conditions and designing treatment plans accordingly can significantly enhance the quality of massaging.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, we firmly believe that everyone should have the option to experience top-quality massage services regularly. To achieve that goal we offer cheap massage services in Ajman.
If you are interested in experiencing transformative massage treatment at Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, you can use our Ajman Massage Center WhatsApp Number to schedule your next massage session.
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CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdfSachin Sharma
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...bkling
Certain chemicals, such as phthalates and parabens, can disrupt the body's hormones and have significant effects on health. According to data, hormone-related health issues such as uterine fibroids, infertility, early puberty and more aggressive forms of breast and endometrial cancers disproportionately affect Black women. Our guest speaker, Jasmine A. McDonald, PhD, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Columbia University in New York City, discusses the scientific reasons why Black women should pay attention to specific chemicals in their personal care products, like hair care, and ways to minimize their exposure.
Joker Wigs has been a one-stop-shop for hair products for over 26 years. We provide high-quality hair wigs, hair extensions, hair toppers, hair patch, and more for both men and women.
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024. Includes 7 categories: Policy Makers, Academic Innovation Centers, Digital Health Providers, Healthcare Providers, Payers / Insurance, Device Companies, Life Science Companies, Innovation Accelerators. Developed by the Michigan-Israel Business Accelerator
End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is the level of carbon dioxide that is released at the end of an exhaled breath. ETCO2 levels reflect the adequacy with which carbon dioxide (CO2) is carried in the blood back to the lungs and exhaled.
Non-invasive methods for ETCO2 measurement include capnometry and capnography. Capnometry provides a numerical value for ETCO2. In contrast, capnography delivers a more comprehensive measurement that is displayed in both graphical (waveform) and numerical form.
Sidestream devices can monitor both intubated and non-intubated patients, while mainstream devices are most often limited to intubated patients.
At Apollo Hospital, Lucknow, U.P., we provide specialized care for children experiencing dehydration and other symptoms. We also offer NICU & PICU Ambulance Facility Services. Consult our expert today for the best pediatric emergency care.
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Comparative study on efficacy of topical phenytoin and silver sulphadiazine in patients with 20 to 30% burns
1. A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EFFICACY OF TOPICAL
PHENYTOIN AND SILVER SULPHADIAZINE IN PATIENTS
WITH 20 TO 30% BURNS
2. INTRODUCTION
Burns are a serious public health problem. A burn is defined as an
injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat or
due to radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction or contact with
chemicals. Heat burns occur when some or all of the different layers of
cells in the skin are destroyed by a hot liquid (scald), a hot solid
(contact burn) or a flame (flame burn). Skin injuries due to ultraviolet
radiation, radioactivity, electricity or chemicals, as well as respiratory
damage resulting from smoke inhalation, are also considered as burns.
3. Pathophysiology of Burn Injury
• The skin, which is the largest organ of the human body, provides a staunch
barrier in the transfer of energy to deeper tissues, thus confining much of
the injury to this layer. Once the inciting focus is removed, however, the
response of local tissues can lead to injury in the deeper layers. The area of
cutaneous or superficial injury has been divided into three zones:
• Zone of coagulation, the necrotic area of burn where cells have been
disrupted. This tissue is irreversibly damaged at the time of injury.
• Zone of stasis, the area immediately surrounding the necrotic zone
has a moderate degree of insult with decreased tissue perfusion.
Depending on the wound environment, can either survive or go on to
coagulative necrosis.
• Zone of hyperaemia, associated with vascular damage and vessel
leakage.
4.
5. Systemic Changes
Severe burns are typically followed by a period of
stress, inflammation, and hypermetabolism,
characterized by a hyperdynamic circulatory response
with increased body temperature, glycolysis,
proteolysis, lipolysis, and futile substrate cycling.
6. Complement causes the degranulation of mast cells which causes accumulation of
neutrophils and their degranulation, with the release of large quantities of free radicals and
proteases. Mast cells also release primary cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-
a). These act as chemotactic agents to inflammatory cells and cause the subsequent release of
many secondary cytokines. These inflammatory factors alter the permeability of blood vessels
such that intravascular fluid escapes. The increase in permeability is such that large protein
molecules can also now escape with ease. The damaged collagen and these extravasated proteins
increase the oncotic pressure within the burned tissue, further increasing the flow of water from
the intravascular to the extravascular space
7. CLASSIFICATION BY DEPTH
• 1. Superficial
• 2.Partial-thickness
• Superficial partial thickness
• Deep partial thickness
• 3. Full-thickness
8. 1.Superficial or epidermal burns involve only the epidermal layer of skin.
They do not blister but are painful, dry, red, and blanch with pressure.
2.(a)
Superficial partial thickness burns characteristically form blisters
within 24 hours between the epidermis and dermis. They are
painful, red, and weeping and blanch with pressure
2.(b)
Deep partial thickness burns damage hair follicles and glandular
tissue. They are painful to pressure only, almost always blister
(easily unroofed), are wet or waxy dry, and have variable mottled
colorization from patchy cheesy white to red . They do not blanch
with pressure
9. Full-thickness
These burns extend through and destroy all layers of the dermis and often injure the
underlying subcutaneous tissue. Burn eschar, the dead and denatured dermis, is usually
intact.
Full-thickness burns are usually anesthetic or hypo-aesthetic. Skin appearance can
vary from waxy white to leathery gray to charred and black. The skin is dry and inelastic
and does not blanch with pressure. Hairs can easily be pulled from hair follicles. Vesicles
and blisters do not develop.
Fourth-degree burns are deep and potentially life-threatening injuries that extend
through the skin into underlying soft tissue and can involve muscle and/or bone.
10. EXTENT OF BURN INJURY
•The head and neck represents 9
percent TBSA
•Each upper limb represents 9
percent TBSA
•Each lower limb represents 18
percent TBSA
•The anterior and posterior trunk
each represent 18 percent TBSA
11. Topical agents in burn wound dressing
• 1. Silver Sulfadiazine is a sulfonamide-based topical agent with antibacterial and
antifungal activity. Silver sulfadiazine may act through a combination of the
activity of silver and sulfadiazine. When this agent interacts with sodium
chloride-containing body fluids, silver ions are released slowly and sustainably
into wounded areas. Ionized silver atoms catalyze the formation of disulfide
bonds leading to protein structural changes and inactivating thiol-containing
enzymes; silver ions may also intercalate DNA thereby interfering with
replication and transcription of bacteria. As a competitive inhibitor of para-
aminobenzoicacid (PABA), sulfadiazine inhibits
bacterial dihydropteroate synthase, thereby resulting in disruption of folic
acid metabolism and ultimately DNA synthesis
12. Silver sulfadiazine cream (SSD 1%) applied and covered with fine mesh gauze is the most
commonly used burn wound dressing . SSD has antimicrobial activity as demonstrated by
decreased colonization of burn wounds. However, there are no well-designed trials to confirm
improved wound healing or a reduced rate of bacterial wound infection. For wounds covering
more than 50 to 60 percent of the total body surface area, SSD does not consistently prevent or
suppress bacterial growth, particularly of gram-negative bacteria.
In addition, there are potential adverse effects
SSD also impedes reepithelialization; as a result, SSD should be stopped when there is
evidence of reepithelialization. SSD and related agents should not be used in women who are
pregnant or breastfeeding or in infants younger than two months old. SSD is also oculotoxic
and should not be used near the eyes.9
13. Topical Phenytoin
• The mechanism by which phenytoin accelerates wound healing is
unknown. Clinical, animal and in vitro studies suggest that phenytoin may
be involved in the healing process by several mechanisms stated below.
• Stimulation of fibroblast by phenytoin causes fibroblast proliferation and
enhancing the formation of granulation tissue. At low phenytoin
concentration and short incubation times (3 hr), phenytoin markedly
enhanced fibroblast cell proliferation.
• Antibacterial effect of topical phenytoin was reported to eliminate
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas
spp. from wounds within 7-9 days. In a guinea pig model of wound healing,
it was found that phenytoin cleared gram negative organisms from the
wounds more readily than gram-positive bacteria. It is unknown if
phenytoin has intrinsic antibacterial activity, or if the effect of phenytoin on
the bacterial load of wounds may be mediated indirectly by effects on
inflammatory cells and neovascularisation and decreasing wound exudates.
14. Decreasing collagenase activity by reducing collagenase production or secretion or
both not by direct enzyme inhibition, but by decreasing the synthesis centrally via the
pituitary-adrenal axis or by competitive antagonism of the glucocorticoid receptor and
thus promoting deposition of collagen and other connective tissue components.
Analgesic effect and Local pain relief has also been observed with topical phenytoin
therapy, which can be explained by its membrane-stabilizing action; the reduced
inflammatory response may also contribute. Facilitation of nerve regeneration has also been
reported with phenytoin
15. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
• Objective To assess the efficacy of topical phenytoin dressing
compared to silver sulphadiazine dressing in patients of 20 to 30%
dermal burns.
•
16. Study Method
• A hospital based prospective study in which cases of 20 to 30% burns are taken into
study . The patients are divied into two groups cases and controls. With controls
comprising of 30% of study patients.
•
• Controls: Patients with 20 to 30 % burns who present to hospital and are treated with
silversulfadine 1% ointment daily dressing.
•
• Cases : Patients with 20 to 30 % burns who present to hospital and are treated by
phenytoin dressing. Phenytoin powder will be directly applied to wounds in a thin,
uniform layer and then covered with gauze. If phenytoin powder is unavailable then
phenytoin from tablet diluted with 0.9% normal saline will be used. The dosage of
phenytoin will be calculated as per the surface area of the wound: 0 to 5 cm2—50 mg,
5.1 to 9 cm2—100 mg and 9 to 15 cm2—150 mg.(ie 50mg per 5cm square).
• Both groups of patients shall receive similar antibiotic coverage and iv fluid
management.