The document is a project report on comparative sales analysis of different children's bicycle brands. It includes an introduction that provides background on the bicycle industry and key developments in bicycle history from the 19th century onward. It then outlines the research methodology, data analysis and findings of the comparative sales analysis.
Royal enfield- Operations, Production, market mix, brand valueAbhimanue Careless
Slide explains about operations management, production procedure, sales estimate, interesting videos (from movies), important terms in academic point of view! customize and edit ur slides accordingly ;)
https://www.facebook.com/abhi4abhimanue
abhimanue.2008@gmail.com
Comprehensive marketing plan created in my Intro to Marketing course covering a SWOT Analysis, Competitive Review, 5 Ps of marketing, an Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy, Budget, Controls and a Channels/Logistics Review
Royal enfield- Operations, Production, market mix, brand valueAbhimanue Careless
Slide explains about operations management, production procedure, sales estimate, interesting videos (from movies), important terms in academic point of view! customize and edit ur slides accordingly ;)
https://www.facebook.com/abhi4abhimanue
abhimanue.2008@gmail.com
Comprehensive marketing plan created in my Intro to Marketing course covering a SWOT Analysis, Competitive Review, 5 Ps of marketing, an Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy, Budget, Controls and a Channels/Logistics Review
Every organization needs inventory for smooth running of its activities. It serves as a link between production and distribution processes. The investment in inventories constitutes the most significant part of current assets/working capital in most of the undertakings. Thus, it is very essential to have proper control and management of inventories. The purpose of inventory management is to ensure availability of materials in sufficient quantity as and when required and also to minimize investment in inventories. Raw materials, goods in process and finished goods all represent various forms of inventory. Each type represents money tied up until the inventory leaves the company as purchased products. Because of the large size of the inventories maintained by firms, a considerable amount of funds is required to be committed to them.
It is therefore absolutely imperative to manage inventories efficiently and effectively in order to avoid unnecessary investments. A firm neglecting the management of inventories will be jeopardizing its long run profitability and may fail ultimately. The reduction in excessive inventories carries a favorable impact on the company’s profitability.
The study starts with an introduction to inventory management, Company’s profile, Achievements and also the need for study, review of literature and objectives are set out for the study. Research methodology, Data analysis & Interpretation, Findings and Suggestions of the study follow.
One of the main areas of the project is the analysis part, where the data are analyzed & interpreted, to find out how the inventories were managed. Some of the tools used in inventory are regarding to:
Economic Order Quantity
Safety Stock
FSN Analysis
Trend Analysis and
Inventory Turnover Ratio.
History of Currency : Ancient Coinage, paper, Indian Rupee
Evolution Coins, to paper to Bank Money
Financial Inclusion
Reforms - Adhar cards,Jan Dhan Yojana, GST
Benefits of GST
Why demonetisation is needed?
Suggested by Dr. Ambedkar
Benefits - Unearthing Black Money, Revenue to Govt., Shift to Bank Money
welcomed globally.
Short-term pains
Assessment and prediction of noise level on various links in the surrounding ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and fabrication of dual chargeable bicyclesushil Choudhary
With the increase in fuel prices, pollution content in atmosphere and due to gradual end of the non renewable sources
of energy we have to alter the source of our energy in our vehicles. Considering all these reasons we have to switch
over to other sources of energy instead of using conventional sources such as petrol which in future will be going to
extinct. One way to alter the energy source is to go for electric vehicles or e bikes. Electric driven vehicles uses
battery as a source of energy which provide power to motor which in turn provide torque to wheels .The old design
of electric bicycle was having only a single mode of charging, it was just capable to travel 15 km through battery and
was not ergonomically good. The new design uses a low rpm alternator for charging the battery by keeping it in
contact with front wheel .A Motor of 0.5hp provides torque to the rear wheel and the gear ratio is kept 5:2 .battery
discharging time is approximately 2 hrs and charging time through alternator is 1 hour and the bicycle can attain a
maximum speed of 15 km/hr. This work is more beneficial in hilly region and confined areas like college campus
and schools, generating zero pollution, zero noise effect and no fuel consumption.
With the increase in fuel prices, pollution content in atmosphere and due to gradual end of the non renewable sources
of energy we have to alter the source of our energy in our vehicles. Considering all these reasons we have to switch
over to other sources of energy instead of using conventional sources such as petrol which in future will be going to
extinct. One way to alter the energy source is to go for electric vehicles or e bikes. Electric driven vehicles uses
battery as a source of energy which provide power to motor which in turn provide torque to wheels .The old design
of electric bicycle was having only a single mode of charging, it was just capable to travel 15 km through battery and
was not ergonomically good. The new design uses a low rpm alternator for charging the battery by keeping it in
contact with front wheel .A Motor of 0.5hp provides torque to the rear wheel and the gear ratio is kept 5:2 .battery
discharging time is approximately 2 hrs and charging time through alternator is 1 hour and the bicycle can attain a
maximum speed of 15 km/hr. This work is more beneficial in hilly region and confined areas like college campus
and schools, generating zero pollution, zero noise effect and no fuel consumption.
I. Assessment(s) DescriptionFor this exercise, students are supp.pdfmanojmozy
I. Assessment(s) Description
For this exercise, students are supposed to pick up one particular bicycle model and will be asked
to analyze and redraw the design thinking steps that led to the type in question.
The Invention and the Evolution of the Bicycle: A Design Thinking Exercise
Abstract
This case examines the invention and the evolution of the design of the bicycle. The bicycle is a
great example of design for everyday objects and its shape has been characterized by a complex
evolution that is still subject to change and proposals of new design alternatives. First, the
invention of the bicycle and the evolution of its design are presented by following a socio-
technical perspective showing how the design of the bicycle has been shaped by the interplay
between the evolution of the available technologies and the emergence of new needs by specific
social groups in given times and society. Students are then asked to complete a design thinking
exercise by inspecting and disassembling an actual bicycle. Working in teams, students are
required to select a specific component and then brainstorm to conduct two exercises: suggest
design improvements and identify the impact of those improvements on the actual or prospective
users and the complex socio-technical ecosystem of the artifact.
Invention and Reinvention of the Bicycle: An Overview
The Birth of the Modern Bicycle
In the last couple of decades, the bicycle market has been characterized by robust growth driven
by many factors including green mobility, the development of e-bikes, and a growing demand for
fitness use. Despite its overall size (USD 47.51bn in 2017) and the positive outlook, the
consumer market is still highly fragmented and characterized by a large variety of product
categories, diverse design and a multiplicity of applications. The market fragmentation is, in fact,
a consequence of the unavailability of a dominant design, whose appearance typically comes
along with the emergence of a few market dominators (Suarez & Utterback, 1995). Despite its
apparent simplicity, a bicycle is a sophisticated and highly flexible machine with complicated
physics (Wilson, 2004). A bicycles design involves facing a number of non-trivial technical
challenges that have been solved in a huge variety of ways at different times and places during
the history of this industry.
While bicycles have been around for a while and we are all quite familiar with this product,
modern bicycles are fairly different from earlier models. The first documented attempt to design
and build a bicycle was performed by Karl von Drais, an employee of the University of
Heidelberg in Germany, at the beginning of the 19th century. 1 The draisine could be ridden as a
modern bicycle but had no pedals or chains and the vehicle was propelled directly by the riders
legs. The frame and wheels were made of wood and there were no tires, but the draisine could be
driven through a steering device anticipating the modern handlebar.
In .
It deals with the training and development under human resource management concepts. It helps to degree students who wants to do projects in hero motors .
The Dutch and their bikes is the new photobook of Shirley Agudo about cycling in the Netherlands. In her new photo book US photographer and author Shirley Agudo gives us a glimpse of Holland's unique cycling culture.
The Forgotten Contributions of Central Illinois to the Bicycle Boom of the 18...Chris Sweet
Presentation for the 2015 International Cycling History Confrence, Entraigues, France.
By the end of the 19th century, the state of Illinois was home to more than 60 bicycle manufacturers whose output accounted for an impressive 28% of the national total. Naturally, much of the bicycle industry was located in and around Chicago. Long forgotten, is the fact that Central Illinois also had a vibrant and productive bicycle industry. At the time, Peoria, Illinois (which is located in the central part of the state) was the second largest city in Illinois and home to a number of bicycle manufacturers including: Ide, Rouse and Hazard, Patee, Luthy, and Peoria Rubber and Manufacturing. Peoria-made “high art” bicycles were even exported to France and other European markets to meet overseas demand. Charles Duryea, who would go on to invent one of the first automobiles, began his career manufacturing bicycles in Peoria. Even Central Illinois-based agricultural manufacturing giant, John Deere, tried its' hand at manufacturing bicycles during the height of the boom.
In addition to manufacturing, Peoria was also an important stop on the national bicycle racing circuit. During the 1890's, races on Peoria’s Lakeview track attracted international competition. Many world records -on both ordinaries and safeties- were set in Peoria. During the 1890 Peoria tournament, the “unbeatable” Willie Windle lost twice to newcomer August Zimmerman. Major Taylor, who grew up in neighboring Indiana, began his early racing career in Peoria. In his autobiography, Taylor would later recall, “Peoria was the Mecca of bicycle racing in those days. On its historical track all the fastest riders in the World struggled for fame and glory.”
This presentation will discuss the historical significance of Central Illinois bicycle manufacturing and bicycle racing during the 1890's. This analysis will include social, cultural, and economic impacts of the bicycle both within the state and across the nation.
Bianchi Type V Magnetized Stiff Fluid Models in Lyra Geometryijtsrd
F.I.V. Edoardo Bianchi S.p.A., commonly known as Bianchi bja ki is the worlds oldest bicycle manufacturing company in existence, having pioneered the use of equal sized wheels with pneumatic rubber tires. 1 The company was founded in Italy in 1885 and in addition to bicycles it produced motorcycles from 1897 to 1967. In 1955 the joint venture Autobianchi was created together with Fiat and Pirelli for the manufacturing of cars – Autobianchi was subsequently sold to Fiat in 1969.Throughout its modern era, Bianchi has been associated with the Italian Giro dItalia and Tour de France winners, Fausto Coppi, 2 Marco Pantani and Felice Gimondi. Edoardo Bianchi, a 21 year old medical instrument maker, started his bicycle manufacturing business in a small shop at 7 Via Nirone, Milan in 1885. Bianchi pioneered the front wheel caliper brake. Since May 1997, the company has been part of Cycleurope Group, which is owned by the Swedish company of Grimaldi Industri AB. Bianchi and Ferrari announced in July 2017 a partnership to produce a new range of high end models. The SF01 was their first collaboration bike. 3 4 One of his first developments was to make the front wheel smaller and use the chain invented by Frenchman Vincent to reduce pedal height. In doing so, he created a safe and modern bicycle. Compared to its predecessors, it was much easier to drive because it was easier to balance. He continued to improve the bicycle and developed a construction with wheels of almost the same size. In 1888 he made the first bicycle with Dunlop tires.In 1888 Bianchi moved to a larger shop on Via Bertani. It came into contact with John Boyd Dunlop and Giovanni Battista Pirelli, whereupon pneumatic tires were introduced as bicycle tires. 5 As early as 1890, the next move to larger rooms on Via Borghetto was necessary. Series production began here. In 1895 he built the first womens bicycle for Queen Margaret of Italy. At the same time, he began using his bicycles at sporting events to test new technical developments. 6 In 1897 tests began on a bicycle with an auxiliary motor. A De Dion Bouton built in motor was mounted in front of the bicycle handlebars and drove the front wheel. 7 Dr. Naresh K Chandnani "Bianchi Type V Magnetized Stiff Fluid Models in Lyra Geometry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50098.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/50098/bianchi-type-v-magnetized-stiff-fluid-models-in-lyra-geometry/dr-naresh-k-chandnani
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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Comparative sales analysis of different KID’s bicycle brands
1. Comparative sales analysis of different KID’s bicycle brands
4th
SEMESTER PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of
MASTER of BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
In the
University School of Business
CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY, GHARUAN
(2012-2014)
Supervised By: Submitted By:
Ms. Richa Sharma Sumit Guleria
Assistant Professor UID 12MBA1133
Chandigarh University MBA 4-B
1
2. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Project Report entitled “Comparative sales analysis of different KID
bicycle brands” Submitted for the Degree of Master of Business Administration, In the
Specialization in Marketing of Chandigarh University, is a Bonafide Research work carried out
by SUMIT GULERIA, University Roll. No. - 12MBA1133 under my supervision & that no
part of this report has been submitted for any other degree.
The assistance & help received during the course of investigation have been fully acknowledged.
Ms. Richa Sharma
(Project Guide)
2
3. Acknowledgement
“It is not possible to prepare a project report without the assistance & encouragement of other
people. This one is certainly no exception.”
On the very outset of this report, I would like to extend my sincere & heartfelt obligation towards
all the persons who have helped me in this endeavor. Without their active guidance, help,
cooperation & encouragement, I would not have made headway in the project.
I am extremely thankful and pay my gratitude to my faculty Ms. RICHA for her valuable
guidance and support on completion of this project.
I extend my gratitude to CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY for giving me this opportunity.
I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my parents and
members of my family, who has always supported me morally as well as economically.
At last but not the least, gratitude goes to all of my friends who have directly or indirectly helped
me to complete this project report.
Any omission in this brief acknowledgement does not mean lack of gratitude.
Thanking You
SUMIT GULERIA
3
6. BICYCLE INDUSTRY
Bicycles are a common mode of travel in much of India. More people can now afford to own a
cycle than ever before. In 2005, more than 40% of Indian households owned a bicycle, with
ownership rates ranging from around 30% to 70% at the state level. Along with walking, cycling
accounts for 50 to 75% of the commuter trips for those in the informal sector in urban areas.
Even though India is the second largest producer of bicycles in the world, a significant prejudice
against bicycle riding for transport exists in some segments of the population, generally
stemming from the status symbol aspect of the motor vehicle. In India, the word "bike" generally
refers to motorcycle, and "cycle" refers to bicycle.
Pune was the first city in India to have dedicated lanes for cycles.[20] It was built for the 2008
Commonwealth Youth Games. However, recent developments in Delhi suggest that bicycle
riding is fast becoming popular in the metro cities of India. The Delhi government has decided to
construct separate bicycle lanes on all major roads to combat pollution and ease traffic
congestion
6
7. HISTORY OF BICYCLE INDUSTRY
A bicycle or cycle is pedal- driven, human – powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a
frame, one behind the other.
First introduction in 19th
century Europe, bicycle now number over one billion
worldwide, providing the principle means` of transportation in many regions, notably China &
the Netherlands. They are also a popular form of recreation and have been adapted for use in
many other fields of human activity, including children’s toys, adult fitness, military and police
applications, courier services and cycle sports.
The basic shape and configuration of a typical bicycle has hardly changed since first
chain driven model was introduced and developed around 1885, although many important details
have been improved ,especially since the advent of modern materials and computer-aided design.
These have allowed for a proliferation of specialized designs for individuals who pursue a
particular type of cycling.
The bicycle has affected history considerably, in both the cultural and industrial realms.
In its early years, bicycles construction drew on pre-existing technologies; more recently, bicycle
technology has in turn, contributed ideas in both old and newer areas.
Bicycle was seen in INDIA in year 1890. Import of cycles, however, started in 1905 and
continued for more than 50 years. The Government in July 1953 announced complete ban on
imports, but cycle kept on simmering in the country till 1961. in 1890 , selling price of an
imported bicycle was around Rs. 45/-; in 1917, during the First World War the price jumped to
Rs. 500/- but dropped considerably, month by month and came down to Rs. 35/- or so (U. K.
makes)and Rs. 15/- or so (Japanese models).
It would be interesting to mention that in 1919, five persons in Punjab imported cycles
and used them on The Mall, Shimla. These included one Bishop, Two military men and two
contractors including S. Pala Singh Bhogal (Grand Father of Mr. M.S. Bhogal of Ludhiana).
Under special permission of the Governor, they were allowed to use cycles on 'The Mall' only for
one hour in a day. They imported B.S.A. Cross Bar Cycle from U.K. and it used to be a kind of
7
8. Mela at that particular hour on the Mall in Shimla, the scene watched by hundreds of people
everyday. Later, a firm was formed under the name of Singh & Co. with shops on Railway Road,
Jalandhar and Bazaar Vakillan, Hoshiarpur, which imported bicycles in the year 1930 onwards.
8
9. KEY YEARS IN THE RUN OF BICYCLES
Table – 1.2.1
Innovation Year Country Details
1817 Germany Baron Von Drais invents the "running machine" or Laufmaschine.
Patented the following year. Known in various forms as :
Draisine, Draisienne, Velocipede. English version was the Hobby
Horse (Denis Johnson). All have two, in-line wheels and the ability
to steer.
Hand Drive 1821 England Louis Gompertz adds a hand-driven, ratchet mechanism to the front
wheel of a Hobby Horse but the innovation, as with Drais' was never
really followed up.
1839-
1840
Scotland Kirkpatrick Macmillan is traditionally credited with a machine in
which power was supplied to the back wheel via rods connected to
treadle-type pedals. Thomas McCall marketed copies; an 1845
version is in the Dumfries Museum. It is questionable whether
significant progress resulted from either.
Rear-Wheel-Drive
Bicycle
1843 France Alexandre Lefebvre is credited with a rear-drive machine; he took it
to America twenty years later and it still exists in the "History San
Jose"
museum (the earliest extant bicycle?).
Pneumatic Tire 1845 England R. W. Thompson invents the pneumatic tire but with no commercial
follow-up.
Treadle Drive 1847 Scotland Gavin Dalzell builds a two-wheeled hobbyhorse with a treadle-drive,
possibly copied from the Macmillan design.
Crank-Driven 4-1851 England Willard Sawyer exhibits his four-wheeled, crank-driven vehicle at
9
10. Wheeler the Great Exhibition and subsequently becomes established as a
Velocipede manufacturer.
Boneshaker Bicycle 1864 France J. Townsend Trench documents his purchase of a velocipede from
the Michaux family. Possibly the first record of a "production" front
wheel, pedal-driven bicycle (but note that it was not presented untill
1895). This style became known as the "Boneshaker". Historians still
debate the claim of Pierre Lallement that he had previously invented
the first pedal-driven machine.
1866 USA
Lallement, now in the USA, gets the backing of an investor, James
Carroll, and their patent application is granted; probably the world's
first public record of the pedal-powered two-wheeler.
1870 England James Starley products the "Ariel" High Wheeler (aka "Ordinary" or
"Penny Farthing"). Later versions had front wheel sizes of upto 5
feet.
Wire-Spoked Wheel 1870 England W. H. J. Grout patents the radially spoked, nipple adjusted bicycle
wheel (unlike prior load-bearing wheels). Some credit Meyer with
this design two years previosly.
Ball Bearings 1872 German Friedrich Fischer first mass-produces steel ball bearings, patented by
Jules Suriray in 1869.
Caliper Brake 1876 England Browett and Harrison patent an early caliper brake.
Differential Gear 1877 England James Starley patent a differential gear; probably the first for a
bicycle but the principle was not new.
Internal Hub1878 England Scott and Phillott patent the first practicable epicyclic change-speed
10
11. Gearings gear fitted into the hub of a front-driving bicycle.
Folding Highwheeler 1878 England Grout patents a folding High Wheeler, the first "portable" bicycle.
1879 England Henry J. Lawson patents a rear wheel, chain-driven safety bicycle,
the "Bicyclette" (his earlier models were lever driven).
Chain 1880 England Thomas Humber adapts the block chain for use with his range of
bicycles.
Safety Bicycle 1885 England John Kemp Starley (James Starley's nephew) markets the
revolutionary Safety Bicycle (the "Rover") with a chain/rear-
sprocket drive and tangentially-spoked, similar sized wheels.
Includes many of the major features of modern bicycles.
Seamless Tubing 1886 Germany The Mannessman brothers are credited with the invention of the
process to manufacture seamless steel tubing.
1888 Scotland Commercial development of the pneumatic bicycle tire by Dr. John
Boyd Dunlop.
1890s France Cycles Aluminium becomes one of the earliest manufacturers of an
aluminium bicycle.
Derailleur 1896 England E. H. Hodgkinson patents a 3-speed Gradient gear, a pre-cursor of
the modern derailleur.
Internal Hub Gearing 1896 England William Reilly patents a two-speed hub gear. His later 3-speed
version was put into production by Sturmey Archer in 1902.
Butted Frame Tubes 1897 England Alfred M. Reynolds takes out a patent on "butted" steel bicycle
tubes.
11
12. Freewheel 1898 Germany First major commercialization of the freewheel by Ernst Sachs.
William Van Anden had obtained the first freewheel patent in 1869.
1910 France The first, easy-to-use derailleur is invented by Paul de Vivie
(Velocio) that shifted among four gears at the pedals.
Recumbent 1914 France Peugeot markets their production recumbent bicycle. Charles
Challand had exhibited his "Horizontal Bicyclette Noemale" in
Geneva in 1895.
Dual-Suspension
Mountain Bike
1915 Italy Bianchi produced a folding bicycle for the Italian Army with
telescoping seatstays, a leaf spring at the bottom bracket, a spring
fork and large profile pneumatic tires. Bianchi now calls it the first
dual suspension mountain bike! There are earlier versions of military
folding bicycles.
1930 Italy Tullio Campagnolo intriduces the bicycles hub quick-release.
Recumbent 1932 France Charles Mochet designs the Velocar, a recumbent bicycle on which
Francois Faure breaks both the mile and kilometer records.
1933-
1934
USA Introduction by Schwinn of the balloon tire and "streamlined" bikes
which leads to rugged bikes that can take the abuse of teenage boys
and which set a forty-year trend.
Mountain Bike 1938 USA Schwinn markets the "Fore-wheel" brake, "Cantilever Frame" and
the "Spring Fork". Resulted in what was to be the Grandfather of
today's mountain bikes.
Folding Bicycle 1939 France A. J. Marcelin petents "Le Petit Bi", a 16-inch wheeled folding
bicycle, remarkably similar to the Moulton and Bickerton of later
years.
12
13. Shifter 1946 Italy Campagnolo markets the dual-rod "Cambio Corsa" gear shifter (over
ten years after the prototype) widely used for atleast a decade.
Index Shifting 1949 England The Hercules Herailleur is launched; a rear derailleur with indexed
shift levers. Marketed for five years.
Derailleur 1951 Italy Introduction of Campagnolo's modern Gran Sport derailleur.
1962 England Launch of the Moulton small-wheeled bicycle with separately sprung
suspension and custom tires. Competed successfully in time trials
and track pursuit events.
String-Ray 1963 USA Schwinn introduces the Sting-Ray that subsequently helped launch
the BMX craze.
Rear Derailleur 1964 Japan The Sun Tour Grand Prix is marketed as the first slant parallelogram
derailleur, a design that has held up till the present day.
Index Shifting 1969 Japan Sun Tour launch their indexed shift lever, the Five-Speed Click, and
a combined freewheel-plus-rear hub, the Unit Hub. Neither of them
found a market, and were abandoned. Bayliss Wiley in England has
also experimented with unit hubs as far back as 1938.
1970 England The aluminium Bickerton portable small-wheeler is developed.
Followed by the successful Brompton in 1976 and Dahon in 1980.
Bmx (Bicycle
Motocross)
1970 USA The movie On Any Sunday by Bruce Brown debuts. Although it is a
motorcycle documentary, a brief scene during the beginning of the
movie shows kids on Sting-Ray bikes emulating motocross. This
small spark eventually evolves into full-fledged, organized BMX
racing by 1974.
Mass-Produced 1974 USA Teledyne markets the first titanium bike that was produced in any
13
14. Titanium Frame/Fork quantity (Speedwell of England had some Ti production frames as
far back as the 1960s, welded by Lamborghini!) Litespeed brought
titanium frames to a broader market in the 1980s.
1975 USA The first carbon-tubed, metal lugged frame appears: the Exxon
Graftek. Suffered from frequent frame failure. The technology was
later perfected by Look, Trek and others.
Aluminium
Frames/Bikes
1975 USA Gary Klein displays his welded and heat-treated aluminium frames at
the International Bike show. Alan (Italy) and Vitus (France) were
producing their lugged aluminium frames arround the same time.
Cannondale launch their "Aluminium for the Masses" in 1983.
1978 USA Fomac Corporation designs the Avatar recumbent. It is one of the
many styles that constituted the 1980s renaissance of recumbents
which included Lightning Cycle winning the HPV-RAAM relay and
Easy Racers breaking the 65 mph barrier.
High-Quality Folding
Clincher Tire
1978 USA Specialized introduce the first high-quality foldablr clincher tire (the
Turbo) which launches the demise of the tubular.
Aerodynamic
Road/Track Bicycles
1980 East
Germany
Introduction of aerodynamic bicycles with a stable construction.
Culminated in the American "Super Bike" at the 1984 Los Angeles
Olympics.
Mass-Produced
Mountain Bike
1981 USA The specialized Stumpjumper mountain bike is launched nationwide,
capitalizing on the Marin Country vogue inspired by Calofornian
icons, Gary Fisher, Joe Breeze, Tom Richey et al. (all of whom also
produced earlier mountain bikes).
Electronic Cycle
Computer
1983 USA Avocet launch the first electronic cyclometer (bike computer).
Moulton 1983 England Moulton launches his second generation of "space-frame" small-
14
15. wheeled bicycles.
Clipless Pedals 1984 France LOOK markets their clipless pedal (following on an earlier track
model launched by Cinelli in 1970; the "Death Cleats", no automatic
release).
Index Shifting 1985 Japan Shimano introduces SIS indexed shifting (learning from their inferior
product, the Positron, from 1977).
1986 USA Kestrel introduces their production non-lugged, carbon fiber frame
and Trek market their first lugged carbon frame.
Suspended Mountain
Bike
1987 USA Paul Turner demonstrates a full suspension bicycle with front and
rear shocks. Eventually becomes a partner in Rock Shox. Diversified
the sport of off-road biking.
Aero Handlebars 1987 USA Scott USA manufactures the first modern aerobars, originally the
brainchild of Boone Lennon. Pete Pensyres had earlier used his own
clip-on style bars in setting his RAAM record.
High-Performance
Folding Bike
1989 USA Hanz Scholz designs the Bike Friday "World Tourist". A reasonably
compact folding bicycle that matches the performance of
conventional touring machines.
Integrated
Brake/Shift Levers
1990 Japan Shimano introduces integrated brake/gear levers.
Electric Derailleurs 1993 France Mavic markets their ZAP electronic shifting. Ceases production in
2001. Possible future follow-up by Campangnolo. Browning
Research had invented a prototype electronic system in 1974.
Hydraulic Disc Brake1994 USA Sachs (SRAM) introduces Power Disc, the first mass-produced
hydraulic disc brake system.
15
16. 1998 Germany Rohloff develops the Speedhub, 14 equally-spaced hub gears which
are operated by a twist-grip with no overlapping ratios and a gear
range as wide as a 27-speed derailleur system.
30-Speed Derailleur
Drivetrain
2002 Italy Champagnolo offers a 30-speed derailleur drivetrain with the Record
3-x-10a adrivetrain.
INTRODUCTION TO THE KID BICYCLES
Kid bicycles always have played an important role for the kid’s purpose for
transportation to short distance like schools. Mostly parents choose bicycle for their kids, but
now a days kids choice regarding purchase of bicycles also matters a lot. So kids play important
role in sale of bicycles.
There are some major players in the kid bicycle sections, which are providing good
quality of kid cycles to the customers. Now companies are very much concerned about kid
choice, styling, accessories etc. Because kids go for the more stylish and good looking products.
Companies are concerned about pricing level as well to stay in the competition. Dealers also play
big role in the sales of KID bicycles.
Ludhiana-based industrialists say riding on increasing popularity of fancy bicycles among
youth and kid their share in the total sales of bicycles could reach 50 per cent in a few years.
In the country as a whole, the share has gone up to about 20 per cent from close to 5 per cent five
years ago.
Ludhiana's bicycle industry is the biggest in the country and of the total 12 million
bicycles produced in the country, more than 65 per cent are manufactured in Ludhiana. Hero
Cycles contributes around 35 per cent of the country's bicycle production. It also provides
employment to more than 300,000 people, majority of whom are migrant labourers.
Figures obtained from Hero Cycles show in 2002-03, 28 per cent of their production was KID
cycles and 72 per cent standard cycles. The production of KID cycles went up to 34 per cent in
16
17. 2003-04, 35 per cent in 2004-05, and 38 per cent in 2005-06.
Ashok Bawa, general manager (publicity), Hero Cycles, said the majority increase in
fancy cycles was in the kids' segment. "The kids' segment is part of fancy bicycles and so the
increase in the sale of kids' cycles resulted in increased sale of fancy cycles. We manufacture
according to the demands of people and if this upward trend in the sale of fancy cycles continues,
we will increase our production accordingly.''
In the year 2005-06, Avon Cycles produced 25 per cent fancy cycles (out of it 7 per cent
were kids' cycles), in 2006-07, 27 per cent (9 per cent kids' cycles), in the year 2007-08, 31 per
cent (11 per cent kids' cycles) and last year it was 35 per cent fancy cycles (13 per cent kids'
cycles).
"Earlier the market share of KID FANCY cycles was less because people had very few
options of buying fancy cycles, but now even a small cycle unit is producing fancy cycles.''
K K Seth of Neelam Cycles, the biggest small-scale rickshaw and bicycle producing unit of
Ludhiana and contributing around 5 per cent to the total production of the country felt that KID
cycle is the future of bicycle industry.
NEED OF STUDY
The study was conducted to know the changing trend of the customer choices for the
purchase of the KID bicycles, the factors that compel the change in purchase decision of the
customers.
Earlier KIDS used to have the bicycles which their parents purchase for them. But now days
KIDS have their own choices, tastes and preferences, so this research was done to reveal the
factors that may affect bicycle sales. Earlier days kids had bicycles for school purposes for
17
18. mainly, but now due to launching of new products, it has became trends in kids to possess the
better bicycles than their collages.
REVIEW OF LITERATURES
• Bike Europe (2013): In its study it has find Hero Cycles is investing US$18 million (Euro
21 mn) in a series of initiatives to give a thrust to its export markets. Hero’s exports with
some 400.000 units were rather small in comparison with its 5.5 million unit annual
production.
• Economic times (2012): In its study it has find Hike in petrol prices is a positive
development for the e-bike industry and we expect it will boost the sales of battery driven
bikes by at least 5-10 per cent. Similarly, Hero Cycles, which sells e-bike under Hero
Electric brand, is quite upbeat over this development and hoping a big push to the e-bike
sales this year.
• Thaindian News (2012) : in its study it has The world’s largest bicycle-maker Hero, in a
joint venture with UK-based Ultra Motors Company, is manufacturing E-bikes branded as
`Hero Electric”, with the `ultra-powered” technology tag. In Punjab, the low-cost, easy to
maintain and “cool” e-bikes are all set to replace motorcycles and scooters. E-bike
manufacturers in Punjab are gearing up to meet the demand for `plug in” and `ply” bikes.
Among the 80 manufacturers of e-bikes in India, 10 to 12 are big players.
• Business standard (2011): The second major Indian two-wheeler manufacturer to foray into
the electric vehicle segment, Hero Cycles is targeting a sale of 100,000 units in the next 15
18
19. months. Called 'Hero Electric', the seven variants of e-bikes and e-scooters will be available
in the price bands Rs 15,000-20,000 and Rs 24,000-28,000. These would offer the cheapest
mode of transport at 10 paise per km.
• Economic times (2011): In its study it has find hero group’s drive to diversify its businesses
beyond two-wheelers and components. Sources close to the development say the $3.2-billion
Hero group is eyeing an entry in general as well as life insurance.
• Business standard (2010): In its study it has find Ludhiana's bicycle industry is the biggest in
the country and of the total 12 million bicycles produced in the country, more than 65 per cent are
manufactured in Ludhiana. Hero Cycles contributes around 35 per cent of the country's bicycle
production. It also provides employment to more than 300,000 people,
• Business standard (2009): In its study it has find Firefox Bikes Private Limited has launched a
range of bicycles here on Thursday. The entire range will be available in its newly opened exclusive
showroom in Hyderabad. According to Firefox managing director, Shiv Inder Singh, the company
has a range of over 30 models - from kids bikes to all terrain bikes. These bikes are designed in UK
and manufactured in Far East. Singh told newspersons that his objective was to spread the “biking
culture” in the country. The company would open a network of exclusive franchisee outlets across
the country which would approach schools, corporates and adventure tour operators as part of their
effort to promote bike rides.
• Business line (2008): In its study it has find there is certainly a change in the demand pattern
linked to consumers' changing aspirations and choices. The bicycle industry (like many other
industries) has also pooled together its resources to ensure that the benefits of these changes are
shared by all concerned; and as a result of this, the marketers have promoted the fitness plank. The
cycle makers are optimistic that the fancy segment would grow to constitute nearly 70 per cent of the
market by 2010.
• Financial express (2007): In its study it has find Hero Cycles announced a technical tie-up with
Japan-based National Bicycle Industries (NBI) and plans to invest Rs 30 crore in a new facility for
manufacturing high-end products for overseas markets. Hero plans to manufacture high-end bicycle
for both domestic and exports markets.
19
20. OBJECTIVES
1. To find out main factors affecting sales of kids bicycle.
2. To know about the dealers preference about different brands.
3. To know the dealers’ view towards pricing of kid bicycles.
4. To calculate and compare the bicycle sales of different brands.
20
22. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The study is based on the survey and fact finding in queries with the bicycle dealers. It is
aimed at collecting the relevant data and its optional usage keeping in view the objectives of
research.
DESIGN-
The research was descriptive and explorative in nature.
UNIVERSE –
All the existing bicycle dealers of all brands in the world.
POPULATION-
22
23. All the bicycle dealers existing in Ludhiana.
SAMLPING UNIT-
Each dealer who has filled my questionnaire is my sampling unit.
SAMPLE SIZE –
Sample size of the research was 40 .i.e. 40 dealers of the cycles were targeted in Ludhiana.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE -
Non probability convenient sampling technique was used to access most accessible population
with some knowledge of bicycles was chosen.
SAMPLING FRAME –
1. LUDHIANA –
1. Pawan cycle store
2. Dashmesh cycle company
3. Inder cycle store
4. Gurbax cycle store
5. K.K cycle works
6. H.L Kharbanda & co.
23
24. 7. Chhabra industries
8. Neeraj cycle store
9. City cycle house
10. Chhabra cycles
11. Nihal singh & sons
12. Khushal cycle store
13. New india cycle house
14. Bajaj cycle works
15. AIRI indusries
16. Banga cycle store
17. Bombay cycle house
18. Bhau cycle works
19. Sunser Dass & company
20. Bhatia cycle agency
21. R.K gift house
22. Gambhir sales corp.
23. Amritsar cycle works
24. Sanju cycle store
25. Girdhari di hatti
24
25. 26. Mangal sain & sons
27. Prabhat cycle works
28. Delhi cycle store
29. Sabharwal cycle store
30. Chopra cycle works
31. Raj cycle works
32. Amarjit cycle work
33. Royal cycle store
34. Jaswant cycle stores
35. Kundan lal Chaman lal
36. Bhalla cycle works
37. Dogra cycle stores
38. New dogra cycle store
39. B.M cycle
40. Kamal Cycles
DATA COLLECTION –
PRIMARY DATA – Primary data was collected by a structured Questionnaire that was filled by
the dealers of cycles. Some data was collected by interviewing dealers as well.
25
26. SECODARY DATA – Secondary data was collected from some literature, news papers, articles,
journals and company’s website as well
CHAPTER- 3
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
26
27. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
1) From how many years you are in to bicycle business
DEALERS WITH EXPERIENCE
Table no. –4 .1
NO. OF YEARS NO. OF
RESPONSES
%age
0-5 0 0%
5-10 1 2.5%
10-15 0 0
15 < 39 97.5%
TOTAL 40
27
28. Chart no. – 4.1
INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure , we can see that out of 40 dealers 39
dealers are in the business for more than 15 years , where as only 14 dealer were in business for
last 5- 10 years . There was no dealer who was in business for 0-5 or 10-15 years.
2. You are having dealership with which bicycle brands?
DEALERS WITH BRANDS
Table no.. –4 .2
BRANDS NO. OF DEALERS
HERO 40
AVON 31
28
29. ATLAS 26
TI 8
S.K BIKES 8
NEELAM 9
Chart no. – 4.2
INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure , we can see that 40 dealers were having
dealership with HERO , 31 with AVON,26 with ATLAS, 8 with TI , 8 with S.K bikes , 9 with
NEELAM
3. What are the total sales of bicycles per month of different brands?
SALES OF DIFFERENT BICYCLE BRANDS
Table no. –4 .3
BRANDS SALE % AGE
29
30. Hero 5156 49%
Atlas 1599 15%
Avon 1966 18%
T.I. 870 8%
S.K. bikes 704 7%
Neelam 297 3%
TOTAL 10592
Chart no.. – 4.3
INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure, we can see HERO is having 49 % share in
total bicycle sales and is leading in sales, AVON is second with 18% share, ATLAS is third with
15% share, TI has 8 % , S.K 7 % , NEELAM has 3% share in cycle sales .
4) Are you dealing in kid bicycle section?
DEALERS IN KID BICYCLE DEALERSHIP
30
31. Table no. –4 .4
RESPONSES NO. OF RESPONSES
YES 40
NO 0
Chart no. – 4.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
YES NO
No.ofRespondents
INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure, we can see that all 40 dealers are dealing
in KID section of BICYCLES.
5) What are the sales of kid bicycles per months of different brands?
31
32. SALES OF KID BICYCLES
Table no. – 4.5
BRANDS SALE OF KID SECTION %AGE
Atlas 300 7%
T.I. 440 10%
Avon 775 17%
Hero 2647 59%
S.K. 293 7%
Neelam 22 0%
TOTAL 4477
Chart no.. – 4.5
INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure, we can see that Hero is leading in KID
section sales.
32
33. 6) Which age group cycles are sold most by you?
SALES OF KID CYCLES ACCORDING TO AGE GROUP
Table no. – 4.6
Chart no. – 4.6
AGE GROUP No. OF RESPONSES %AGE
0 to 3 years 0 0%
3 to 6 years 14 35%
6 to 9 years 26 65%
TOTAL 40
33
34. INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure , we can see that 26 dealers say that within
KID section cycle of age group of 6-9 years are sold most , where as 14 dealers say that 3-6
years age group are sold more . No dealers are say that 0-3 years ale is more
7) Which season your sales is most?
DIFFERENT SEASONS OF SALES
Table no. – 4.7
SEASON OF SALES NO. OF RESPONSES %AGE
School admission 30 75%
Festive season 10 25%
Wedding season 0 0%
Any other season 0 0%
TOTAL 40
34
35. Chart no. – 4.7
INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure , we can see that 30 Dealers say that their
sale is most in SCHOOL ADMISSION season, where as 10 Dealers say that their sales is more
in FESTIVE SEASON .
8) What attributes parents look before purchasing for their kids?
ATTRIBUTES THAT PARENTS LOOK IN BICYCLE BEFORE PURCHASE
Table no. –4 .8
ATTRIBUTES NO. OF RESPONSES %AGE
Safety 3 7.5%
Quality 15 37.5%
Price 4 10.0%
Style 7 17.5%
Comfort 1 2.5%
New models 10 25.0%
TOTALS 40
35
36. Chart no. – 4.8
INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure , we can see that while purchasing cycle for
kids most of customers look for QUALITY of products .15 dealers sat that customer look for
QUALITY, 10 say NEW MODELS , 7 say STYLE, 4 say PRICE , 3 say SAFETY , 1 say
customer look for COMFORT
9) How much price parents are ready to pay for bicycles for their kids?
SALES ACCORDING TO PRICE
Table no... –4 .9
PRICE NO. OF RESPONSES %AGE
500-1000 1 2%
36
37. 1000-1500 9 23%
1500-2000 18 45%
2000 < 12 30%
TOTAL 40
Chart no. . –4.9
INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure , we can see that 45 % dealers say that
most of parents look for cycles price ranging between 1500-2000, where as 30% dealers say that
parents are ready to pay more than 2000 rs for the kid bicycle , 23% dealers say customers are
looking to price range of 1000-1500. 2% dealer say customer are ready to pay price of 500-1000.
10) Which company kid bicycle earns you more profits?
BRANDS WITH MORE PROFIT
Table no. – 4.10
37
38. BRANDS DEALER’S RESPONSE %AGE
Avon 12 30%
Atlas 4 10%
Hero 14 35%
T.I. 6 15%
S.K. Bikes 4 10%
TOTAL 40
Chart no. – 4.10
INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure , we can see that according to dealers
selling HERO,S CYCLES gives them more profit , where as AVON was ranked second by them
. T.I stood third , S.K and ATLAS were given jointly forth position
11) What is your opinion regarding the price of kid bicycle?
38
39. DEALERS’ VIEW REGARDING PRICING
Table no. – 4.11
OPINION RESPONSES %AGE
Reasonable 8 20%
Affordable 13 32%
Expensive 19 48%
TOTAL 40
Chart no. – 4.11
INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure, we can see that 19 dealers feel that the
KID section bicycles are expensive, where 13 say that KID bicycles are affordable means they
are a bit expensive but can be afforded by customers and 8 dealers feel that KID bicycles are
kept at reasonable price.
39
40. 12) Which brand of kid bicycle parents demand firstly?
PREFFERED BRANDS
Table no. – 4.12
BRANDS No. of Respondents
Hero 40
Atlas 0
Avon 0
S.K. Bikes 0
T.I. 0
TOTAL 40
Chart no.. – 4.12
40
41. INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure, we can see that all dealers say that most of
customer look for HERO BRAND for their KID when they enter in to the shop.
13) Do parents of kids alter their choice after looking through all the brands & their features?
ALTERATION OF BRAND CHOICE
Table no. –4 .13
ANSWERS NO. OF RESPONSES %AGE
YES 33 82%
NO 7 18%
TOTAL 40
Chart no. – 4.13
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
YES NO
No.ofRespondents
41
42. INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure, we can see that 33 dealers say that parents
do alter the choice of BRANDS for their KID ‘S bicycle after looking for various brands. Where
as 7 say parents do not alter their choice for the brand.
14) Reason for altering the choice for purchase?
REASONS FOR ALTERATION OF BRAND CHOICE
Table no. –4 .14
REASON NO. OF RESPONSES %AGE
Price 16 49%
Kid choice 10 30%
Models 7 21%
TOTAL 33
Chart no. –4 .14
42
43. INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure, we can see that 16 dealers say that reason
for customer’s altering brand can be PRICE factor, whereas 10 dealers say that KIDS CHOICE
also forces them to change the brand and 7 dealers say that NEW MODELS also acn be possible
factor for altering of choice of BRAND by customer.
15) What influences you more to have dealership of the particular brands?
DEALERSHIP REASON OF DEALERS WITH BRANDS
Table no. – 4.15
REASON RESPONSES %AGE
Brand name 15 37%
Quality of the products & services 8 20%
More profits 3 8%
Demand of companies product in
market
14 35%
TOTAL 40
Chart no. – 4.15
43
44. INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure, we can see that 37 % dealers are having
dealership with companies because of the BRAND NAMES of the companies, 35 % dealers say
that are having the dealership because of DEMAND of company’s products in the market, 20%
dealers say that having dealership because of QUALITY of the products of the company and
only 8% dealer go for more PROFITS.
16) Which company’s product complaints are more by customer?
COMPLAINTS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS
Table no. – 4.16
BRANDS RESPONSES %AGE
Hero 7 17%
Avon 12 30%
Atlas 11 28%
S.K. bikes 6 15%
T.I. 4 10%
TOTAL 40
44
45. Chart no.. – 4.16
INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure, we can see that according to 12 dealers
AVON is having the most number of complaints in the products, 11 dealers say that ATLAS
products is having more complaints, 7 dealers say that HERO ‘S products are more complaints 6
dealers say that S.K cycles products are having more complaints whereas 4 dealers say that T.I
products are having more complaints.
17) Is there any effect of the recession on your sales for your last season sales?
DEALER’S VIEW ON RECESSION EFFECT ON SALES
Chart no. – 4.17
ANSWER RESPONSES %AGE
YES 32 80%
NO 8 20%
TOTAL 40
Chart no. – 4.17
45
46. INTERPRETATION: From above table and figure , we can see that 32 dealers that their is
effect of the RECESSION on their business and only 7 dealers say that their business is not
effected by recession by any means.
CHAPTER -4
46
47. FINDINGS AND RESULTS
FINDINGS AND RESULTS
1. Hero cycle is the leading bicycle brand in the Punjab with almost 49% of market share in
terms of the selling all type of bicycles. Hero cycles is also leading in sales of KID bicycle
sections capturing 59% share in terms of selling of kid bicycles. In kid bicycles the bicycles for
age group 6 to 9 years are sold most and sales of KID bicycles are maximum in school admission
seasons.
2. The prices of overall KID bicycles of all brands are higher. Most of parents of the kids don’t
like to spend much on the KID bicycles. The dealers feel that it feel will be more profitable for
them to sell HERO CYCLES.
3. Customers are never brand specific they often shifts their preferences depending upon the
color , prices, new models , looks , kid choice etc.
4. Dealers are specific at the time of taking dealership of certain brand. Most of the dealers go for
the brand because it generates greater profit and it has good demand in market.
47
48. CONCLUSION
After the whole research I would like to conclude that HERO CYCLES is most preferred
brand by the customers of KID bicycle section. HERO is preferred on its competitors ATLAS,
AVON, T.I, NELAM and S.K BIKES.
HERO has most of the market share in PUNJAB. HERO possesses approximately 50%
market share alone. Dealers do feel that QUALITY, BRAND IMAGE and STYLING of the
cycle do affect the sales of the bicycles of KID section. The sales of the KID bicycles also do
depend upon KIDS choice as well.
Most of the customer has decided already about which brand they are going to purchase.
But they do alter their choice due to PRICE and KID CHOICE.
The KID bicycles are a bit expensive due to accessories added in them. So some times
parents may divert towards NON-BRANDED bicycles due to lower prices.
48
50. SUGGESTIONS
Company should try and reduce its price for the better sales. As most of parents do not like to
spend more on KIDS bicycle.
Kids cycle should be light weight do that it is easy to handle.
The free gifts can add more attractions. It will surely help to enhance the sales at the times of
School admissions.
Hero is known for its quality so the quality standard should always be maintained
Company should stop manufacturing of unprofitable bicycle models.
50
51. BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFERENCES
• Bike Europe, “Hero Cycles: Huge Investments for Increased Export to EU”,
Bike Europe .com, August 6, 2009.
• Business line , “The wheels are turning” Financial Daily from THE HINDU group of
publications, Thursday, May 20, 2004
• Business standard , “ Hero cycles launches electric vehicles” January 05, 2007
• Business standard , “Fancy cycles catch the fancy of children” May 03, 2006
• Business standard, “ Firefox launches new bicycles” August 19, 2005
51
52. • Economic times, “We have to grow beyond 2-wheelers” 23 May 2009,
• Economic times, “E-bike makers expect 5-10 pc jump in sales on fuel price hike” 6 Jun
2008,
• Economic times, “Hero in talks with US firm for insurance foray” 20 Nov, 2007,
• Financial express, “Hero Cycles Ties up with Japan’s NBI “Aug 08, 2002
• Thaindia News, “E-bikes have arrived in India” August 27th, 2008
REFERENCES
1. http://www.indianbicycleexporters.com/
2. http://www.tiindia.com/News_slackmarket.html
3. http://www.indiacar.net/news/n69554.htm
4. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/indian-bicycle-industry-to-lose-huge-market-
shares-to-china/292669/
5. http://www.andhranews.net/India/2009/January/28-Indian-bicycle-industry-86696.asp
6. http://www.herocycles.com/
7. http://www.herocycles.com/superbrand1.htm
8. http://www.herocycles.com/quality1.htm
9. http://www.herocycles.com/globalgearing1.htm
10. http://www.herocycles.com/innovation1.htm
11. http://www.herocycles.com/promotion1.htmhttp://www.herocycles.com/buildingrelationship1.ht
m
52
54. QUESTIONNAIRE
NAME OF THE DEALER --- ___________________________________________________
PLACE ----- ___________________________________________
1. From how many years you are in to dealership business?
(a)0-2 (b)2-4
(c)4-6 (d)>6
2. You are having dealership of which bicycles brands?
(a)Hero (b) Atlas
(c)Avon (d) T.I
(e)S.K Bikes
3. What are the total sales of the bicycles per month of different brands?
(a)Hero ___ (b) Atlas ___
54
55. (c) Avon ___ (d) T.I___
(e) S.K bikes ___
4. Are you dealing in kid bicycle section?
(a)Yes
(b)No
5. What are the sales of kid bicycles per months of different brands?
(a)Atlas _____ (b) T.I____
(c)Avon ______ (d) Hero ____
(e)Other
6. Which age group cycles are sold most by you?
(a)0-3 (b) 3-6
(c)6-9
7. Which season your sales is most?
(a)School admission (b) Festive season
(c)Wedding season (d) Any other season
8. What attributes parents look before purchasing for their kids?
(a)Safety (b) Quality
(c)Price (d) Style
(e)Comfort (f) New models
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56. 9. How much prices parents are ready to pay for bicycles for their kids?
(a) 500-1000 (b) 1000-1500
(c) 1500-2000 (d) > 2000
10. Which company kid bicycle earns you more profits?
(a)Avon (b) Atlas
(c)Hero (d) T.I
(e) S.K Bikes
11. What is your opinion regarding the price of kid bicycle?
(a)Reasonable (b) Affordable
(c)Expensive
12. Which brand of kid bicycle parents demand firstly?
(a)Hero (b) Atlas
(c)Avon (d) S.K Bikes
(e) T.I
13. Do parents of kids alter their choice after looking through all the brands & their features?
(a)Yes
(b)No
14. Reason for altering the choice for purchase?
(a)Price (b) Kid choice
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57. (c)Models
15. What influences you more to have dealership of the particular brand?
(a)Brand name (b) Quality of the products & services
(c)More profits (d) Demand of companies product in market
16. Which company’s product complaints are more by customers?
(a)Hero (b) Avon
(c) Atlas (d) S.K bikes
(e) T.I
17. Is there any effect of the recession on your sales for your last season sales?
(a)Yes
(b)No
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PRECIOUS & VALUABLE TIME
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