The document provides a comprehensive history of bicycles, detailing their evolution from early designs like the celerifere and draisienne to the modern safety bicycle invented by J.K. Starley in the late 19th century. It highlights significant improvements over time, such as the introduction of pedals, chains, and gears, as well as the cultural and social impact of bicycles on society, especially regarding transportation and women's participation. The document also touches on recent innovations and environmental considerations associated with bicycles.

2. A bicycle is a two wheeled
vehicle that is moved with
pedal, which are attached to
the wheels with a gear and
chain. You steer the bicycle
with handlebars.

3. Pedaling History has on display even the
recent history of the bicycle in America
that we are more familiar with: the “
English 3-speed “ of the 50’s through the
70’s, the 10-speed derailleur bikes which
more popular in 70’s( the derailleur had
been in more- or -less common use in
Europe since), and of course the mountain
bike of right now . There are also many
oddball designs that never quite made it ,
including the Ingo.

7. The celerifere did not had
any steering mechanism
and no pedals. The users
find it hard to use since it
was the feet should be use
to control entirely the
machine.
The celerifere was an early bicycle precursor invented in
1790 by Frenchmen, Comte Mede de Sivrac. It had no
steering and no pedals but the celerifere did at least look
somewhat like a bicycle. A rider would power forward by
using their feet for a walking/running push-off and then glide
on the celerifere.

9. In 1817 Baron von Drais invented a walking machine that would
help him get around the royal gardens faster: two same-size in-
line wheels, the front one steerable, mounted in a frame which you
straddled. The device was propelled by pushing your feet against
the ground, thus rolling yourself and the device forward in a sort of
gliding walk. The machine became known as the Draisienne or
hobby horse. It was made entirely of wood. This enjoyed a short
lived popularity as a fad, not being practical for transportation in
any other place than a well maintained pathway such as in a park
or garden.

10. The laufmaschine later renamed
velocipede(latin for fast foot) was an improved
version of the celerifere since it was equipped
with a steering mechanism and the front wheel
could enable the user to turn into the desire
direction. However it still needs to be propelled
using feet and was not balanced. It could only
be use in good surface .

12. The two-wheeled bicycle as we know it today was invented in
Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in 1839 by a blacksmith named Kirkpatrick
Macmillan. It had a steerable 30-inch front wheel and a 40-inch rear
wheel. This bicycle had no pedals or chain-activated gears. There
were, instead, two foot pedals attached to rods that connected to the
back wheel. The alternate movement of rods on either side propelled
the bicycle.
Unfortunately for Macmillan, his invention never became popular. It
was left to a French father-and-son team, Pierre and Ernest Michaux,
to build the bicycle from which the present popularity of the vehicle
is derived. By 1865 the Michaux family was producing 400 bicycles a
year.

13. The bone shaker had a wooden frame and the wood
wheels had iron rims. This is an improved version of
the laufmaschine since it had its own mechanism to
propel it (pedals) but no brakes and was extremely
uncomfortable to ride.

15. FOR
MEN
FOR
WOMEN
The Penny Farthing is also referred to as the "High"
or "Ordinary" bicycle, and the first one was
invented in 1871 by British engineer, James Starley.
The Penny Farthing came after the development of
the French "Velocipede", and other versions of early
bikes. However, the Penny Farthing was the first
really efficient bicycle, consisting of a small rear
wheel and large front wheel pivoting on a simple
tubular frame with tires of rubber.

16. The Ordinary bicycle was
a successful
improvement since it
moved faster with its
new high wheels but this
can also be proved to be
a disadvantage as the
bicycle would easily fall
down when using the
steering mechanism
(this apply only for man
since women
version(tricycle)) which
was released in 1876
had three wheels which
gave additional support. MAN FALLING FROM A HIGH
WHEEL

18.  John Kemp Starley designed the revolutionary safety bicycle. The
main principles which guided him into making this bicycle were to
place the rider at the proper distance from the ground, to place the
seat in the right position in relation to the pedals and to place the
handles in such a position in relation to the seat that the rider
could exert the greatest force upon the pedals with the least
amount of fatigue.
 These principles led Starley to design the lightest, strongest, most
reasonably priced, most rigid, most compact and ergonomically
most efficient shape the bicycle frame could be. The bicycle was
chain driven, rear wheel drive with two similar size wheels and with
a diamond frame. In 1896, he floated J.K.Starley & Co as the Rover
Cycle Company. The capital financed the construction of the largest
cycle works in Coventry, England then the global centre of bicycle
manufacturing.

19. The safety bike has all the characteristics of the

25. The folding is often thought to be invented in the late
19,s but it was invented even before the invention of the
modern/safety bike. This types of bike was first invented
for the military since they could easily easily be
transported in their backs.

26. Military interest in bicycles arose in the 1890s, and the
French army and others deployed folding bikes for
bicycle infantry use. In 1900, Mikael Pedersen
developed a folding version of his Pedersen bicycle for
the British army that weighed 15 pounds and had
24 inch wheels. It included a rifle rack and was used in
the Second World War.

28.  The original bicycle was made by hand using
wooden parts
 As time passed improvements were made
because society was evolving and becoming
more technologically advanced
 New methods and materials were used
because it made the bike cheaper and easier
to manufacture

29.  1816-Steering
 1863-Pedals added
 1870-The first all metal bike is manufactured
 1879-Chain-driven bike was is patented
 1890-Gears added to bicycles
 1894-Bikes made lighter by using bamboo
 1984-More complex gears allow bikes to
have up to 24 speeds
 2002-Up to 30 speed gears

30.  1817-Everyday people begin to use bikes
 1863- Bikes become popular once more, mostly in
 cities
 1870- The high wheeler become popular with wealthier
 people because of its expensive metal frame
 1890- The cheaper safety bike allows common people
 to take up biking
 1894- The first bike messengers are employed due to a
 railway strike which stopped mail delivery
 1920- The kids bike is introduced, greatly expanding
 the biking community
 1958-1978- Bicycle boom

31.  1958-Women first race in the World
Championships
 1962-People begin using bikes for recreation
and fitness
 1970-Bicycles become popular modes of
transport due to awareness of pollution,
especially around college and campuses
 1973-1978-Rising gas prices cause people to
use bikes as transportation

32.  Walking and horses were replaced by the use of
bicycle as personal transportation
 The bicycle created a faster paced society
 Bikes helped enforce the concept equality as
bike manufacturers began marketing to women
 Women’s clothing styles continued to evolved to
accommodate lifestyle changes due to the
growing popularity of bicycles among women
 Due to their maneuverability the military
incorporated the bicycle into their operations

33.  When bicycles were first invented there was
not much impact on the environment because
bicycle do not give off pollution
 In the 1970’s pollution became a growing
issue and bicycles became more popular
 Bicycles are used as an alternative today
because of expensive gas prices and
environmental concerns

35. Features include:
 Battery assisted motor
 Run by solar panels
 Plays music
 Puncture proof self inflating tires
 Mini-computer to show calories
 burned, etc.
Cost:
 If sold right now it would cost
 around $771,350
 If sold after being mass produced
 cost would be around $3,085