The history of Bicycles is very interesting. I go for morning walks. From time to time, i saw an old man riding different bicycles every other day. Out of curiosity, i googled the bicycle history. This is what i came up with. Hope this was infomative.
The evolution and development of motorcycles from the early beginnings to modern history.
All the important milestones in motorcycle history in a brief infographics - fom first motorcycle prototype to BMW's development of ABS system.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LEAF SPRING BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR LIGHT VEHI...IAEME Publication
Reducing weight while increasing or maintaining strength of products is getting to be highly important research issue in this modern world. Composite materials are one of the material families which are attracting researchers and being solutions of such issue. In this paper we describe design and analysis of composite leaf spring. For this purpose, a rear leaf spring for MAHINDRA “MODEL-COMMANDER 650 DI” is considered.
The history of Bicycles is very interesting. I go for morning walks. From time to time, i saw an old man riding different bicycles every other day. Out of curiosity, i googled the bicycle history. This is what i came up with. Hope this was infomative.
The evolution and development of motorcycles from the early beginnings to modern history.
All the important milestones in motorcycle history in a brief infographics - fom first motorcycle prototype to BMW's development of ABS system.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LEAF SPRING BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR LIGHT VEHI...IAEME Publication
Reducing weight while increasing or maintaining strength of products is getting to be highly important research issue in this modern world. Composite materials are one of the material families which are attracting researchers and being solutions of such issue. In this paper we describe design and analysis of composite leaf spring. For this purpose, a rear leaf spring for MAHINDRA “MODEL-COMMANDER 650 DI” is considered.
An example of using FEA to improve a series of automotive wheel designs. Wheels must pass durability tests to be certified for use. This family did not pass the tests and a large investment had been made in tooling. The company did not want this investment to go to waste and assigned me the task to resolve the issue soon after hiring me. This is a brief outline of the changes made to improve the wheel such that all tests were passed. It should be noted that all work was done virtually and all tests were passes first time after tooling modifications.
Frame is a ladder shaped structure with two longitudinal rails/beams (Frame side members) and properly located many integrating and reinforcing cross members, which form the ladder structure that is used as the interface/platform between the power package and the body package in Automobiles.
Automobile or Automotive Tires:-
Functions (cushion and traction),
Parts (Beads, Body Plies, Tread, Sidewall, Liner, Belts) Overview of Tyre
Types ( All-terrain Tires, Mud tires, Winter Tires, All weather Tires, performance tires).
Load index and speed rating.
Designation and Dimension of Tires.
length width height diameter type of tires
tire construction :( Bias Ply Tires, Radial Tyres, Belted Bias Tires.)
Advantage and disadvantages of tires construction
Tube type tires
tubless tires
Difference between tubeless and tube type tires
Expiry date of tires
tyre problems
steering geometry leads tire problems
Under inflated tires
over inflated tires
proper inflated tires
Tubeless tires are designed in such a manner that the tire itself functions like a tube. The plies of the tire are similar whether it is a radial tire or a tubeless tire, but the difference is the presence of a inner lining layer that is made up of halogen butyl rubber such as chlorobutyl or bromobutyl rubber. This rubber has a special property of sealing any small puncture caused by a small nail or any other sharp object. This means that even if there is any mishap with a nail and a small puncture is caused by it, the tire seals the leakage itself by closing the leakage and the vehicle can cover distances up to 200 km without having to stop or getting the assistance of a mechanic to get the tire repaired.
The wheel is probably the most important mechanical invention of all time. The wheel has been continuously driving our civilisation like a catalyst in a chemical reaction. Nearly every machine built since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution involves a single basic principle embodied in one of the mankind’s truly significant inventions.
Tyre is a hoop that covers a wheel, around the wheel rim to protect it and enabling better vehicle performance by providing a flexible cushion that absorbs shock while keeping the wheel in close contact with the ground.
Creating a new non-pneumatic design for tyres has more positive implications than one might think. For one thing, there are huge safety benefits. Having an airless tyre means there is no possibility of a blowout, which, in turn, means the number of highway accidents will but cut significantly. Even for situations such as Humvees in the military, utilising non-pneumatic tyres has a great positive impact on safety. Tyres are the weak point in military vehicles and are often targeted with explosives. If these vehicles used airless tyres, this would no longer be a concern.
There is also an environmental benefit to using this type of tyre. Since they never go flat and can be retreaded, airless tyres will not have to be thrown away and replaced nearly as often as pneumatic tyres. This will cut down landfill mass significantly.
Because of the benefits, I believe that it is extremely important that research and production of airless tyres are continued and increased. This type of innovation works well in conjunction with several engineering codes of ethics, and thus should be embraced by engineers everywhere. Cars are things that people use every day, so any improvements over existing designs would affect the lives of the majority of people. Learning about such a topic, therefore, I believe holds extreme value- especially for us freshmen engineering students. In doing research for these kinds of topics that hold significant meaning, we can see that what we will do can make a difference.
What is a Chassis?
Different Types of Chassis
Ladder frame chassis
Tubular space frame chassis
Aluminum space frame
ULSAB Monocoque chassis
Back bone frame chassis
Introduction to Monocoque Design
What is Monocoque construction?
Where is this used?
Origin of Monocoque design
History of Monocoque Frame
Design & Analysis of Composite Propeller ShaftIJSRD
A Propeller Shaft is the connection between the transmission and the rear axle of the vehicles. The function of propeller shaft is to transmit the power from engine to the rear wheel in case of front engine drive vehicle. High quality steel (Steel SM45) is most commonly used material. The steel drive shaft consists of three universal joints, a center supporting bearing and a bracket, which increase the total weight of a system. The Power transmission can be improved through reducing its weight. According to previous researches many have done the various experiments to reduce the weight by changing the ply thickness, fiber orientation angle, number of plies but until now no one has studied the effect on the properties of the composite formed by changing volume fraction of carbon fiber & epoxy resin. The focus of this work will be to investigate either replacing steel structure of propeller shaft by composite structure such as carbon fiber & epoxy resin to minimize the cost and weight, also to check the suitability of composite structures by experimental method and software testing.
An example of using FEA to improve a series of automotive wheel designs. Wheels must pass durability tests to be certified for use. This family did not pass the tests and a large investment had been made in tooling. The company did not want this investment to go to waste and assigned me the task to resolve the issue soon after hiring me. This is a brief outline of the changes made to improve the wheel such that all tests were passed. It should be noted that all work was done virtually and all tests were passes first time after tooling modifications.
Frame is a ladder shaped structure with two longitudinal rails/beams (Frame side members) and properly located many integrating and reinforcing cross members, which form the ladder structure that is used as the interface/platform between the power package and the body package in Automobiles.
Automobile or Automotive Tires:-
Functions (cushion and traction),
Parts (Beads, Body Plies, Tread, Sidewall, Liner, Belts) Overview of Tyre
Types ( All-terrain Tires, Mud tires, Winter Tires, All weather Tires, performance tires).
Load index and speed rating.
Designation and Dimension of Tires.
length width height diameter type of tires
tire construction :( Bias Ply Tires, Radial Tyres, Belted Bias Tires.)
Advantage and disadvantages of tires construction
Tube type tires
tubless tires
Difference between tubeless and tube type tires
Expiry date of tires
tyre problems
steering geometry leads tire problems
Under inflated tires
over inflated tires
proper inflated tires
Tubeless tires are designed in such a manner that the tire itself functions like a tube. The plies of the tire are similar whether it is a radial tire or a tubeless tire, but the difference is the presence of a inner lining layer that is made up of halogen butyl rubber such as chlorobutyl or bromobutyl rubber. This rubber has a special property of sealing any small puncture caused by a small nail or any other sharp object. This means that even if there is any mishap with a nail and a small puncture is caused by it, the tire seals the leakage itself by closing the leakage and the vehicle can cover distances up to 200 km without having to stop or getting the assistance of a mechanic to get the tire repaired.
The wheel is probably the most important mechanical invention of all time. The wheel has been continuously driving our civilisation like a catalyst in a chemical reaction. Nearly every machine built since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution involves a single basic principle embodied in one of the mankind’s truly significant inventions.
Tyre is a hoop that covers a wheel, around the wheel rim to protect it and enabling better vehicle performance by providing a flexible cushion that absorbs shock while keeping the wheel in close contact with the ground.
Creating a new non-pneumatic design for tyres has more positive implications than one might think. For one thing, there are huge safety benefits. Having an airless tyre means there is no possibility of a blowout, which, in turn, means the number of highway accidents will but cut significantly. Even for situations such as Humvees in the military, utilising non-pneumatic tyres has a great positive impact on safety. Tyres are the weak point in military vehicles and are often targeted with explosives. If these vehicles used airless tyres, this would no longer be a concern.
There is also an environmental benefit to using this type of tyre. Since they never go flat and can be retreaded, airless tyres will not have to be thrown away and replaced nearly as often as pneumatic tyres. This will cut down landfill mass significantly.
Because of the benefits, I believe that it is extremely important that research and production of airless tyres are continued and increased. This type of innovation works well in conjunction with several engineering codes of ethics, and thus should be embraced by engineers everywhere. Cars are things that people use every day, so any improvements over existing designs would affect the lives of the majority of people. Learning about such a topic, therefore, I believe holds extreme value- especially for us freshmen engineering students. In doing research for these kinds of topics that hold significant meaning, we can see that what we will do can make a difference.
What is a Chassis?
Different Types of Chassis
Ladder frame chassis
Tubular space frame chassis
Aluminum space frame
ULSAB Monocoque chassis
Back bone frame chassis
Introduction to Monocoque Design
What is Monocoque construction?
Where is this used?
Origin of Monocoque design
History of Monocoque Frame
Design & Analysis of Composite Propeller ShaftIJSRD
A Propeller Shaft is the connection between the transmission and the rear axle of the vehicles. The function of propeller shaft is to transmit the power from engine to the rear wheel in case of front engine drive vehicle. High quality steel (Steel SM45) is most commonly used material. The steel drive shaft consists of three universal joints, a center supporting bearing and a bracket, which increase the total weight of a system. The Power transmission can be improved through reducing its weight. According to previous researches many have done the various experiments to reduce the weight by changing the ply thickness, fiber orientation angle, number of plies but until now no one has studied the effect on the properties of the composite formed by changing volume fraction of carbon fiber & epoxy resin. The focus of this work will be to investigate either replacing steel structure of propeller shaft by composite structure such as carbon fiber & epoxy resin to minimize the cost and weight, also to check the suitability of composite structures by experimental method and software testing.
Share the history of bicycles with us here at Utah Bicycle Lawyers of Draper , UT. If you or a loved one has been injured in an accident, biking or otherwise we are here to help you get the settlement you deserve.
Design and fabrication of dual chargeable bicyclesushil Choudhary
With the increase in fuel prices, pollution content in atmosphere and due to gradual end of the non renewable sources
of energy we have to alter the source of our energy in our vehicles. Considering all these reasons we have to switch
over to other sources of energy instead of using conventional sources such as petrol which in future will be going to
extinct. One way to alter the energy source is to go for electric vehicles or e bikes. Electric driven vehicles uses
battery as a source of energy which provide power to motor which in turn provide torque to wheels .The old design
of electric bicycle was having only a single mode of charging, it was just capable to travel 15 km through battery and
was not ergonomically good. The new design uses a low rpm alternator for charging the battery by keeping it in
contact with front wheel .A Motor of 0.5hp provides torque to the rear wheel and the gear ratio is kept 5:2 .battery
discharging time is approximately 2 hrs and charging time through alternator is 1 hour and the bicycle can attain a
maximum speed of 15 km/hr. This work is more beneficial in hilly region and confined areas like college campus
and schools, generating zero pollution, zero noise effect and no fuel consumption.
With the increase in fuel prices, pollution content in atmosphere and due to gradual end of the non renewable sources
of energy we have to alter the source of our energy in our vehicles. Considering all these reasons we have to switch
over to other sources of energy instead of using conventional sources such as petrol which in future will be going to
extinct. One way to alter the energy source is to go for electric vehicles or e bikes. Electric driven vehicles uses
battery as a source of energy which provide power to motor which in turn provide torque to wheels .The old design
of electric bicycle was having only a single mode of charging, it was just capable to travel 15 km through battery and
was not ergonomically good. The new design uses a low rpm alternator for charging the battery by keeping it in
contact with front wheel .A Motor of 0.5hp provides torque to the rear wheel and the gear ratio is kept 5:2 .battery
discharging time is approximately 2 hrs and charging time through alternator is 1 hour and the bicycle can attain a
maximum speed of 15 km/hr. This work is more beneficial in hilly region and confined areas like college campus
and schools, generating zero pollution, zero noise effect and no fuel consumption.
Before we start delving into historical and contemporary examples and minutae such as specific component spec, it is worth making an initial attempt to quantify the defining characteristics of a well designed cycle sportive bicycle. Off the top of my head, I think that a good sportive bike will be charactereized by at least seven definsing characterstics-
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
Unleash Your Inner Demon with the "Let's Summon Demons" T-Shirt. Calling all fans of dark humor and edgy fashion! The "Let's Summon Demons" t-shirt is a unique way to express yourself and turn heads.
https://dribbble.com/shots/24253051-Let-s-Summon-Demons-Shirt
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
2. A bicycle is a two wheeled
vehicle that is moved with
pedal, which are attached to
the wheels with a gear and
chain. You steer the bicycle
with handlebars.
3. Pedaling History has on display even the
recent history of the bicycle in America
that we are more familiar with: the “
English 3-speed “ of the 50’s through the
70’s, the 10-speed derailleur bikes which
more popular in 70’s( the derailleur had
been in more- or -less common use in
Europe since), and of course the mountain
bike of right now . There are also many
oddball designs that never quite made it ,
including the Ingo.
4.
5.
6.
7. The celerifere did not had
any steering mechanism
and no pedals. The users
find it hard to use since it
was the feet should be use
to control entirely the
machine.
The celerifere was an early bicycle precursor invented in
1790 by Frenchmen, Comte Mede de Sivrac. It had no
steering and no pedals but the celerifere did at least look
somewhat like a bicycle. A rider would power forward by
using their feet for a walking/running push-off and then glide
on the celerifere.
8.
9. In 1817 Baron von Drais invented a walking machine that would
help him get around the royal gardens faster: two same-size in-
line wheels, the front one steerable, mounted in a frame which you
straddled. The device was propelled by pushing your feet against
the ground, thus rolling yourself and the device forward in a sort of
gliding walk. The machine became known as the Draisienne or
hobby horse. It was made entirely of wood. This enjoyed a short
lived popularity as a fad, not being practical for transportation in
any other place than a well maintained pathway such as in a park
or garden.
10. The laufmaschine later renamed
velocipede(latin for fast foot) was an improved
version of the celerifere since it was equipped
with a steering mechanism and the front wheel
could enable the user to turn into the desire
direction. However it still needs to be propelled
using feet and was not balanced. It could only
be use in good surface .
11.
12. The two-wheeled bicycle as we know it today was invented in
Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in 1839 by a blacksmith named Kirkpatrick
Macmillan. It had a steerable 30-inch front wheel and a 40-inch rear
wheel. This bicycle had no pedals or chain-activated gears. There
were, instead, two foot pedals attached to rods that connected to the
back wheel. The alternate movement of rods on either side propelled
the bicycle.
Unfortunately for Macmillan, his invention never became popular. It
was left to a French father-and-son team, Pierre and Ernest Michaux,
to build the bicycle from which the present popularity of the vehicle
is derived. By 1865 the Michaux family was producing 400 bicycles a
year.
13. The bone shaker had a wooden frame and the wood
wheels had iron rims. This is an improved version of
the laufmaschine since it had its own mechanism to
propel it (pedals) but no brakes and was extremely
uncomfortable to ride.
14.
15. FOR
MEN
FOR
WOMEN
The Penny Farthing is also referred to as the "High"
or "Ordinary" bicycle, and the first one was
invented in 1871 by British engineer, James Starley.
The Penny Farthing came after the development of
the French "Velocipede", and other versions of early
bikes. However, the Penny Farthing was the first
really efficient bicycle, consisting of a small rear
wheel and large front wheel pivoting on a simple
tubular frame with tires of rubber.
16. The Ordinary bicycle was
a successful
improvement since it
moved faster with its
new high wheels but this
can also be proved to be
a disadvantage as the
bicycle would easily fall
down when using the
steering mechanism
(this apply only for man
since women
version(tricycle)) which
was released in 1876
had three wheels which
gave additional support. MAN FALLING FROM A HIGH
WHEEL
17.
18. John Kemp Starley designed the revolutionary safety bicycle. The
main principles which guided him into making this bicycle were to
place the rider at the proper distance from the ground, to place the
seat in the right position in relation to the pedals and to place the
handles in such a position in relation to the seat that the rider
could exert the greatest force upon the pedals with the least
amount of fatigue.
These principles led Starley to design the lightest, strongest, most
reasonably priced, most rigid, most compact and ergonomically
most efficient shape the bicycle frame could be. The bicycle was
chain driven, rear wheel drive with two similar size wheels and with
a diamond frame. In 1896, he floated J.K.Starley & Co as the Rover
Cycle Company. The capital financed the construction of the largest
cycle works in Coventry, England then the global centre of bicycle
manufacturing.
25. The folding is often thought to be invented in the late
19,s but it was invented even before the invention of the
modern/safety bike. This types of bike was first invented
for the military since they could easily easily be
transported in their backs.
26. Military interest in bicycles arose in the 1890s, and the
French army and others deployed folding bikes for
bicycle infantry use. In 1900, Mikael Pedersen
developed a folding version of his Pedersen bicycle for
the British army that weighed 15 pounds and had
24 inch wheels. It included a rifle rack and was used in
the Second World War.
27.
28. The original bicycle was made by hand using
wooden parts
As time passed improvements were made
because society was evolving and becoming
more technologically advanced
New methods and materials were used
because it made the bike cheaper and easier
to manufacture
29. 1816-Steering
1863-Pedals added
1870-The first all metal bike is manufactured
1879-Chain-driven bike was is patented
1890-Gears added to bicycles
1894-Bikes made lighter by using bamboo
1984-More complex gears allow bikes to
have up to 24 speeds
2002-Up to 30 speed gears
30. 1817-Everyday people begin to use bikes
1863- Bikes become popular once more, mostly in
cities
1870- The high wheeler become popular with wealthier
people because of its expensive metal frame
1890- The cheaper safety bike allows common people
to take up biking
1894- The first bike messengers are employed due to a
railway strike which stopped mail delivery
1920- The kids bike is introduced, greatly expanding
the biking community
1958-1978- Bicycle boom
31. 1958-Women first race in the World
Championships
1962-People begin using bikes for recreation
and fitness
1970-Bicycles become popular modes of
transport due to awareness of pollution,
especially around college and campuses
1973-1978-Rising gas prices cause people to
use bikes as transportation
32. Walking and horses were replaced by the use of
bicycle as personal transportation
The bicycle created a faster paced society
Bikes helped enforce the concept equality as
bike manufacturers began marketing to women
Women’s clothing styles continued to evolved to
accommodate lifestyle changes due to the
growing popularity of bicycles among women
Due to their maneuverability the military
incorporated the bicycle into their operations
33. When bicycles were first invented there was
not much impact on the environment because
bicycle do not give off pollution
In the 1970’s pollution became a growing
issue and bicycles became more popular
Bicycles are used as an alternative today
because of expensive gas prices and
environmental concerns
34.
35. Features include:
Battery assisted motor
Run by solar panels
Plays music
Puncture proof self inflating tires
Mini-computer to show calories
burned, etc.
Cost:
If sold right now it would cost
around $771,350
If sold after being mass produced
cost would be around $3,085