The document summarizes the history and evolution of the bicycle from its earliest origins in the 19th century to modern developments. It traces the key innovations from the earliest two-wheeled draisine invented by Karl von Drais in 1817-1819, the introduction of pedals and various multi-wheeled designs in the mid-19th century, leading to the safety bicycle with its chain drive and similar frame to modern bikes in the 1880s-1890s. The bicycle continued to be refined through the 20th century with new materials and technologies, while also expanding to serve the needs of different riders and purposes.

1. INNOVATION OF THE BICYCLE
POOJA VISHWAKARMA
M.TECH (TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY)
UTTAR PRADESH TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE,KANPUR

2. There are several early but unverified claims for
the invention of the bicycle
The first verifiable claim for a practically used
bicycle belongs to German Baron Karl von Drais,
Earliest Bicycle (unvarified)
19th CENTURY:
1817-1819
Wooden draisine (around
1820), the earliest two-
wheeler
Velocipede, dandy horse
hobby horse
Karl von Drais patented this design in 1818, which
was the first commercially successful two-wheeled,
steerable, human-propelled machine.
•Constructed almost entirely of wood,
•Draisine weighed 22kg (48 pound)

3. These new machines had three wheels (tricycles) or
four (quadracycles) and came in a very wide variety
of designs, using pedals, treadles, and hand-cranks,
but these designs often suffered from high weight
and high rolling resistance. However, Willard Sawyer
successfully manufactured a range of treadle-
operated 4-wheel vehicles and exported them
worldwide in the 1850s.
1820s to 1850s: an era of 3 and 4-wheelers
The first mechanically propelled two-wheel
vehicle is believed by some to have been built
by Kirkpatrick MacMillan, a Scottish
blacksmith, in 1839
1830s: the reported Scottish inventions

4. The original pedal-bicycle, with the serpentine
frame, from Pierre Lallement's US Patent No.
59,915 drawing, 1866
New York company Pickering and Davis
invented this pedal-bicycle for ladies in 1869.[13][14]
1860s and the Michaux or "boneshaker"

5. 1870s: the high-wheel bicycle:
The high-bicycle was the logical extension of
the boneshaker
A penny-farthing or ordinary
bicycle
Starley's "Royal
Salvo" tricycle, as
owned by Queen
Victoria

6. The safety bicycle: 1880s and 1890s
The development of the safety bicycle was arguably the most important change in
the history of the bicycle. It shifted their use and public perception from being a
dangerous toy for sporting young men to being an everyday transport tool for
men—and, crucially, women—of all ages
A 1884 McCammon
safety bicycle
A 1885 Whippet safety bicycle A 1889 Lady's safety bicycle

7. 20th Century:
The ladies' version of the roadster's design was very
much in place by the 1890s. It had :
step-through frame rather than the diamond frame of
the gentlemen's model.
More comfortable for ladies.
DUTCH BIKES
This racing bicycle has aluminum tubing,
carbon fiber stays and forks, a drop handlebar,
and narrow tires and wheels.

8. 21st Century: it has seen continued application of
technology includes:
•Lighter weight
•More aerodynamic
•Computer added design
•Cycling power meter
•Electronic gear shifting systems
700C hybrid bicycle: It has 27 speeds,
front fork and seat suspension, an adjustable
stem and disc brakes for wet-weather riding.
2008 Nazca Fuego short wheelbase recumbent
with 20" front wheel and 26" rear wheel
Recumbent bicycle:
2008 Nazca Fuego
2005 Giant Innova