This document provides an overview of fundamental computer principles and programming. It discusses the basic components and operations of a computer, including input, processing, output, and storage. The main components are the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. It also covers the differences between hardware and software, types of software including operating systems and applications. Common applications are described like word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations.

1. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
COMP 107
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE &
PROGRAMMING
By
D.Balaganesh

2. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Overview Of Computer
Data
Process
Hardware
Using
Software
D.Balaganesh LINCOLN UNIVERSITY COLLGE
Given
Result
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3. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Definition of Computer
• A computer is an electronic device.
• It can accept data (input), manipulate
(process), and produce information(output).
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4. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
General Operations
• Computers can perform four general
operations, which comprise the information
processing cycle:
1. Input.
2. Process.
3. Output.
4. Storage.
D.Balaganesh LINCOLN UNIVERSITY COLLGE
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5. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Data and Information
• All computer processing requires data,
• Data is a collection of raw facts, figures
and symbols, such as numbers, words,
images, video and sound, given to the
computer during the input phase.
• Computers manipulate data to create
information.
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6. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Cont.
• Information is data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful.
• During the output phase, the information that
has been created is put into some form, such
as a printed report.
D.Balaganesh LINCOLN UNIVERSITY COLLGE
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7. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Computer Characteristics
•
•
•
•
•
High speed.
Accuracy.
Reliability.
Mass storage of information.
Communication with other computers
through network like internet.
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8. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
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9. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Primary Components of a computer
•
•
•
•
•
Input devices.
Central Processing Unit.
Memory.
Output devices.
Storage devices.
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10. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Input devices
•
•
•
•
•
Mouse.
Keyboard.
Touch pad.
Pointing stick.
Scanner.
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11. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
CPU (Central Processing Unit )
• Interprets instructions to the computer,
performs the logical and arithmetic processing
operations, and cause the input and output
operations to occur.
• Performs all the calculations within the
computer.
• CPU speed measured in MHz.
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12. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Memory:
• RAM:
Random Access Memory.
Temporary memory.
Electronic components that store data
including numbers, letters, graphics and
sound.
Information stored is lost when the computer
is turned off.
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13. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Memory
• ROM:
Read Only Memory.
Permanent memory.
Chip that has start-up directions for your
computer.
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14. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Unit of Information
• Bytes
One character takes up about one Byte.
One byte is equal to eight bits.
Bits means binary digit.
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15. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Cont.
1 Bit = 0 or 1
8 Bits = 1 Bytes
1024 Bytes = 1 KB
1024 KB = 1 MB
1024 MB = 1 GB
1024 GB = 1 TB
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16. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Output Devices
• Computer screen.
• Printer.
• Speaker.
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17. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Storage Devices
•
•
•
•
•
Floppy Disks
Compact Disks (CD)
Hard Disk
Digital versatile Disk (DVD)
Flash Disk
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18. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Comparing Types of Memory Storage Devices
• Sometimes storage is a trade off between
speed, capacity, price and reliability.
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19. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Hardware and Software
• Hardware:
The term hardware refers to the physical
components of you computer such as the
computer screen, mouse, keyboard etc…
• Software:
Computer software is the key to productive
use of computers.
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20. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Types of Software
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21. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Software
• The computer hardware on its own has no
intelligence and therefore must be supplied with
instructions to perform any task.
• Software or programs, consist of step-by-step
instructions that tell the computer how to perform a
task.
• Software is divided into two main categories:
– system software and
– application software.
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22. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Types of Software
•Operating System Software.
•Application Software.
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23. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Operating System Software
• It is a program that
controls the computer
and enables it to run
application software.
• It allows the computer
to manage its internal
resources.
• The software runs the
basic computer
operations – it tells the
hardware what to do,
how to do it, and when UNIVERSITY COLLGE
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24. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Operating System Software
• Examples of Operating
system software:
 Windows XP
 Windows Vista
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25. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Application Software
Consists of programs that tell a computer
how to produce information.
Some of the more commonly used
packages are:
 Word processing.
 Electronic spreadsheet.
 Presentation.
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26. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Application Software
• This is software that help the user carry out
specific task such as word-processing,
spreadsheet, databases and presentation
software.
• Application fall under two styles
– Tailor-made: software designed for the particular
customer.
– Off-the-shelf: for use by the general public
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27. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
Application Software
• MS Word ( Word Processing ):
 Word Processing software is used to create
and print documents
• Spreadsheet ( MS Excel )
Electronic spreadsheet software allows the
user to add, subtract, and perform userdefined calculations on rows and columns of
numbers. These numbers can be changed and
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28. Subject Name
Code
FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING
Credit Hours
MS Powerpoint ( Presentation)
• MS Powerpoint allows the user to create
documents called slides to be used in making
the presentation.
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