The document summarizes the internship experience of three students at Kombolcha Community Radio FM 104.8. It provides details about the community radio station such as its history, services, customers, and organizational structure. It then describes the students' experiences working in the FM studio and with audio editing. The students learned about studio equipment, gained practical experience with equipment like mixers and microphones, and observed leadership and work ethics. Overall, the internship helped bridge the gap between student and professional life.

1. WOLLO UNIVERSITY
KIoT
School of Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER
ENGINEERING (ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION)
Reported By
1. Amsalu Setey
2. Meku Abay
3. Nardos demekaw

2. Host Company:
Kombolcha Community Radio FM 104.8
Duration of internship: 3 Months (October- January)
Mentor: Mr. Abdul-Aziz D.
Submission date: January 2015

3. • Community radio is a radio service offering a third model of radio
broadcasting in addition to commercial and public broadcasting.
Community stations serve geographic communities and communities
of interest.
• In many parts of the world, community radio acts as a vehicle for
the community and voluntary sector, civil society, agencies, NGOs
and citizens to work in partnership to further community
development aims, in addition to broadcasting.
• Community radio has developed in Ethiopia fastly.
• Kombolcha FM 104.8 is community-run local radio station serving
the city of Kombolcha It reaches a potential audience of 180,000
people living within a 50 km radius of its transmitter mast. The
station broadcasts in Amharic for 10 hours per day from 2:00 to
12:00 O’clock. Its output includes phone-in programs. FM Kombolcha
is operated by the Kombolcha community.

4. 1.1 Brief history of the Organization
•The movement starts in the last of 1998 E.C
•It gets permission from the broadcast office in June 1998 E.C
•In March 2002 E.C materials are enter completely to
Kombolcha
•Set up of materials has been finished in March 2002 E.C

5. •After material setup has been finished March 30
2002 E.C the trial program is started by leaving a
music to the air.
•After trial broadcasting the station starts transmit
information in the medial of the music
•July 2002 E.C the first Sunday in the program “leman
ygabzalu” starts its regular programs
•July 14 2002 E.C invites the late mayor of Kombolcha
town Mr. Getawey Yrga in the program of “min
yteykalu”

6. 1.2 Main services of the company
 The main service of the company is transmitting Information
through radio and.
• provide a development forum for the community;
• encourage participatory community development;
• promote active involvement of underprivileged groups such as
women and young people;
• intensify the sharing of information within the community
1.3 Main customers
• The customers of the Organization are mainly the society of the
Kombolcha.

7. 1.4 Over all organization structure of the
company Community
Members
Radio Council
Radio Council
Radio Board
Sub-committees
Station
Manager
Technical Program News Marketing Admin/HR Account
Fig.1 flow chart of organization
structure

8. 1.5 Work flow in the section
•Here the community members will elect their representatives to the
Radio Council which in turn forms statutory committees and
Radio Board.
•The Board forms required sub-committees and appoints Station Manager.
Under the Station Manager the management structure will be established
to take care of the day to day operations of the radio.
•Diagrammatically the structure is shown above.

9. 2. over all internship experience
How we get into the company
• We have got the chance to enter to the Kombolcha FM 104.8 by the
treatment of both the office
university industry linkage and the management of the station.
The section we have been working on
Kombolcha Fm 104.8 was assign in to practices in FM studio and audio
editing & and we was start our practice in this section.
i. How FM studio works
ii. Audio editing
iii. All about studio equipments

10. Getting to know the studio
The studio-suite, that is the studio and its associated
control centre, is the workshop of broadcasting.
Studio systems
The group of studios in a broadcasting centre is known as
the studio complex. In a simple centre it may consist of
only one studio and a control booth. In a large
broadcasting centre it will have several studios of
different sizes, recording rooms, an echo chamber, a
master control and switching room, and a quality control
room.

11. Studio Equipment
Studio equipments can be classified as source equipments
example computers, microphone and other let us see on by
one as follow;
Source equipment
The source equipment in a studio may include CD players,
turntables, and cassette Players or even reel-to-reel tape
players.
Computers
There are a number of uses for computers in the studio,
and the requirements for a computer will depend on its
intended use.

12. Microphones
• A studio should have one microphone for each DJ or host and a few
for the guests. Try not to have more than 4 microphones total in the
any studio having lots of microphones active at once leads to a lot of
background noise.
• Microphones can be either directional or Omni-directional.
Mixer or console
• An audio mixer takes input from multiple audio sources and lets the
user determine which channels to use in the output, and at what levels.
• A console is generally the same thing as a mixer, but sometimes has
some additional fancy features used just for radio.

13. Fig.1 mixer XB-14

14. FM tuner
• It is important to have an FM tuner so the DJ can listen to the signal
that is being sent over the airwaves.
Monitor speakers
• Monitor speakers let the DJ listen to what they are playing. The
monitor speakers might be internally amplified, or might require an
external amp for power.
Headphones
• Headphones are the equipment used in the studio. These convert
electrical signal into audible signal.
• It is used in the radio station to monitor the audio output and for the
communication between radio presenter and technicians.
Most studios will have at least one telephone. If you plan to put callers on the
air, you will need a Telephone Hybrid. The hybrid feeds the signal from the
phone line into the console, and feeds another signal back to the caller.
Telephone system

15. • During our internship at Kombolcha community radio FM
104.8 we had gain many benefits .
• During these three months of our internship program we
was able to bridge the gap between student life and
professional life.
3. Over all Benefits we gained from the Internship
• This has opened doors for us to understand what is waiting
for us when we finish our graduate studies at this field.
• Next we will try to describe what we have learnt in the
different aspects that we have mentioned before.

16. Theoretical Knowledge
 Learning the different studio equipments and their application in the
studio.
 Learning different kinds of electronics devise and their use in real life.
Example: mixer, mice, pc, video switcher, monitor and so on.
Interpersonal Communication Skills
 The development of interpersonal skills being early in life and is influenced
by family, friends and our observation. So communicating skills had to come
handy at these times.
 In short, during these three months we had been able to upgrade our
speaking skills.
Leadership Skills
During these times we have been able to observe that one should have great skills to be
a leader. Among them:-Good speaking ability, To have the ability to listen to others
To be decisive, Good management skills…and so on

17. Work Ethics
 Our supervisor was always advising us that we should be an ethical
and responsible professionals for the future. He has been showing how
to develop this good behaviour during our stay on the company with
him.