this is all about the principle of communication

1. Communication
Principles

2. C O M M U N I C A T I O N I N V O L V E S S Y M B O L S .
A S Y M B O L I S A N A R B I T R A R Y R E P R E S E N T A T I O N
O F S O M E T H I N G E L S E - A N O B J E C T , A N I D E A , A
P L A C E , A P E R S O N , A R E L A T I O N S H I P , A W O R D ,
A M O V E M E N T , A S O U N D , A P I C T U R E , A L O G O ,
A G E S T U R E , O R A M A R K . V E R B A L
C O M M U N I C A T I O N I N V O L V E S L A N G U A G E ,
W H I L E N O N V E R B A L C O M M U N I C A T I O N
I N V O L V E S A L L O T H E R S Y M B O L S .

3. 2 . C O M M U N I C A T I O N R E Q U I R E S M E A N I N G
C O M M U N I C A T I O N R E Q U I R E S T H A T S Y M B O L
C O N V E Y M E A N I N G : W H A T A S Y M B O L R E P R E S E N T S
I S S A I D T O B E I T S M E A N I N G . P A R T I C U L A R
M E A N I N G S H O W E V E R , A R E N O T T I E D T O O N L Y O N E
S Y M B O L B U T C A N B E C O N V E Y E D I N M U L T I P L E
W A Y S U S I N G D I F F E R E N T S Y M B O L S . F O R E X A M P L E ,
H A P P I N E S S C A N B E C O N V E Y E D B Y G I V I N G A
T H U M B S - U P S I G N , O R B Y J U M P I N G U P A N D D O W N
W H E N Y O U R T E A M S C O R E S .

4. A . S O C I A L C O N S T R U C T I O N
O F M E A N I N G I N V O L V E S T H E
W A Y I N W H I C H S Y M B O L S
T A K E O N M E A N I N G I N A
S O C I A L C O N T E X T O R
S O C I E T Y A S T H E Y A R E U S E D
O V E R T I M E .

5. B . M E A N I N G A N D C O N T E X T M A Y
V A R Y . A S I N G L E S Y M B O L O R
M E S S A G E C A N A L S O H A V E M U L T I P L E
M E A N I N G S W H E N U S E D I N D I F F E R E N T
C O N T E X T S . F O R E X A M P L E , T H E
P H Y S I C A L C O N T E X T , O R T H E A C T U A L
L O C A T I O N I N W H I C H A S Y M B O L I S
U S E D W I L L I M P A C T I T S M E A N I N G .

6. C . V E R B A L A N D N O N V E R B A L I N F L U E N C E
O N M E A N I N G . A C C O M P A N Y I N G V E R B A L
A N D N O N V E R B A L S Y M B O L S W I L L A L S O
I M P A C T M E A N I N G . F O R I N S T A N C E , T H E
S A M E W O R D S S E N D D I F F E R E N T M E S S A G E S
D E P E N D I N G O N H O W T H E Y A R E
D E L I V E R E D .

7. D . M E A N I N G A N D T H E M E D I U M A R E
I N T E R C O N N E C T E D . T H E M E D I U M , O R T H E
M E A N S T H R O U G H W H I C H A M E S S A G E I S
C O N V E Y E D , W I L L A L S O I M P A C T M E A N I N G S O F
A M E S S A G E . A M E D I U M M I G H T I N C L U D E S O U N D
W A V E S O R S I G H T - - E S P E C I A L L Y W H E N
I N T E R A C T I N G F A C E - T O - F A C E W I T H S O M E O N E .

8. 3. Communication is
culture related.
T H E D I V E R S I T Y O F C U L T U R E S E S T A B L I S H E S V A R I O U S
A S S U M P T I O N S A N D T A K E S D I F F E R E N T K N O W L E D G E F O R
G R A N T E D . B A C H T I M E A P E R S O N T A L K S T O S O M E O N E ,
F R O M O N E C U L T U R E O R A N O T H E R , H E / S H E I S T A K I N G
K N O W L E D G E F O R G R A N T E D D O I N G W H A T H I S / H E R
A N T U R E E X P E C T S , A N D T R E A T I N G P E O P L E I N W A Y S T H E
S A T U R E A C K N O W L E D G E S .

9. All communication contains both a content
(message) level and a relational level, which
means that, as well as conveying information,
every message indicates how the sender of a
message and the receiver of that message are
socially and personally related.
4. Communication is relational.

10. 5. Communication involves frames.
Communication is very complex, but the use of frames helps
people make sense of things. Frames are basic forms of
knowledge that provide a definition of a scenario, either
because both people agree on
the nature of the situation or because the cultural
assumptions built into the interaction and the previous
relational context of talk give them a clue (Wood & Duck,
2006, as cited in Duck and McMahan, 2012.

11. 6. Communication is both presentational and
representational.
Representation describes facts or conveys information;
presentation displays the particular version of the facts or
events. Communication is never neutral; it always conveys the
perspective or worldview of the person sending a message.
One's communication with other people presents them with a
way of looking at the world that is based on how that person
prefers them to see it.

12. 7. Communication is a transaction.
An even more sophisticated way to see communication is
communication as transaction, or the construction of shared
meanings or understandings between two (or more) individuals.
This constitutive approach to communication maintains that
communication
creates or brings into existence something that has not been there
before

13. From the transactional/ constitutive point of view,
communication does not just construct meaning. It
is through communication that relationships are
created, that culture is created, that gender is
created, that ethnicity is created, that sexuality is
created, and even that reality is created. These are
not only created through communication but also
maintained, negotiated, challenged, and altered
through communication.

14. Thank
you