Common terms used in skin diseases.
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This document defines and describes various skin lesions and conditions. It discusses different types of lesions including macules (flat discolored spots), papules (solid raised bumps under 1cm), plaques (raised bumps over 1cm), nodules (solid masses extending into the dermis), vesicles (fluid-filled blisters), pustules (vesicles filled with pus), wheals (raised itchy bumps due to allergies), scales (accumulated dead skin), crusts (dried exudate), erosions (superficial skin loss), ulcers (loss of all epidermal layers), excoriations (superficial erosions from scratching), scars (proliferated fib
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This document defines and describes various skin lesions and conditions. It defines erythema, plaques, papules, macules, vesicles, bullae, pustules, abscesses, wheals, angioedema, nodules, tumors, papillomas, petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses, hematomas, comedones, telangiectasia, poikiloderma, scales, keratoses, crusts, ulcers, erosions, excoriations, fissures, sinuses, scars, atrophy, lichenification, and striae. Each term is precisely defined based on appearance, size, composition, and other distinguishing features.
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Skin cancers are increasing in prevalence and if detected early, treatment can be curative.
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This document describes how to describe skin lesions based on their morphology. It discusses the primary morphology of lesions including whether they are flat or raised, their size, and constituency. It then discusses secondary morphology including color, shape, texture, and location. Specific lesion types are defined such as macules, papules, plaques, nodules, tumors, purpura, ecchymosis, petechiae, urticaria, ulcers, scales, actinic keratoses, target lesions, serpiginous lesions, herpetiform lesions, textures including hyperkeratosis, lichenification, xanthomas, induration, and features such as umbilicated lesions.
The Integumentary system diseases
The integumentary system consists of three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The skin is the largest organ and acts as a protective barrier. It has several important functions including protection, temperature regulation, sensation, vitamin D synthesis and immune response. Common skin conditions are assessed by examining primary lesions such as macules, papules and vesicles, as well as secondary lesions. Diagnostic tests may include microscopy, culture, biopsy and patch testing to identify causes and guide treatment. Skin grafts and flaps are surgical procedures to repair defects and promote wound healing.
Morphology of skin lesions
Primary skin lesions include macules, papules, plaques, nodules, tumors, and wheals. Secondary lesions develop from primary lesions and include scales, crusts, excoriations, fissures, erosions, ulcers, and scars. Special lesions occur under certain conditions and include erythema, telangiectasia, purpura, petechiae, ecchymoses, vibices, and hematomas. The document provides detailed definitions and descriptions of these various skin lesions.
1dermato case taking kd
This document provides guidance on examining patients presenting with skin diseases. It details the important aspects of history taking including primary and secondary lesions, subjective and objective symptoms, and pertinent questions regarding duration, site, evolution, and associated symptoms. Physical examination involves detailed description of lesions including morphology, distribution, and configuration. Key signs related to macules, papules, plaques, vesicles, pustules, and other eruption types are defined. The document emphasizes close examination of nails, hair, and mucosal surfaces to identify relevant findings.
CHILD WITH SKIN DISORDERS.pptx
This document discusses skin disorders in children. It begins by defining the skin and its structure and functions. It then describes various primary and secondary skin lesions seen in different disorders. It classifies common skin infections, infestations, disorders of skin appendages and papulosquamous disorders that are seen in children. One such bacterial infection discussed in detail is Impetigo, including its etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic evaluation and treatment.
2nd lecture diagnosis of skin ds
This document provides information on examining the skin and describing cutaneous lesions and diseases. It discusses examining the skin, genitalia, mucous membranes, and skin appendages. It describes the key aspects to cover when discussing each disease, including definition, etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, investigations, treatment, prognosis and fate. It then describes various primary cutaneous signs like macules, papules, plaques, nodules, vesicles, and pustules. It also covers secondary lesions including scales, crusts, erosions, ulcers, fissures, and scars. The diagnosis of skin diseases is based on the objective physical characteristics and distribution of lesions seen on examination.
SKIN CONDITION presentation for medical students.pptx
This document provides an outline for a course on skin conditions. It begins by listing common skin conditions categorized by symptoms such as itching, pigmentation, crusts, vesicles, pustules, and macules. It then defines dermatology as the study of skin, nails, and hair and discusses the functions and facts about skin. The document outlines important aspects of dermatologic history taking and examination, including describing different types of skin lesions and how their configuration, texture, location, and distribution can provide clues to diagnosis.
lesions and abrasions of skin.pptx
Lesions and abrasions of the skin can range from superficial to deep. Abrasion injuries occur when skin rubs against a rough surface, removing the outer epidermal layers. They are classified by degree from first to third. Treatment includes cleaning, applying antibiotics to prevent infection, and optionally dressing the wound. Lesions refer broadly to any tissue abnormality or damage, and can be classified by features, location, and other characteristics. Common skin lesions include macules, papules, vesicles, pustules and ulcers. Available treatments can temporarily remove lesions but do not provide a permanent cure.
Dermatitis in animals types and lesions
This document provides an overview of dermatitis and skin lesion classifications. It begins by defining eczema/dermatitis and discussing the two main classifications of endogenous and exogenous eczema. Major types of dermatitis are then outlined such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and stasis dermatitis. The document concludes by describing and providing examples of different primary skin lesions including macules, papules, pustules, vesicles, scales, and scars.
Skin terminologies.ppt
This document provides an overview of common terminology used to describe diseases of the skin. It discusses terms used to describe the distribution, shape, color, type of lesions, secondary changes, epidermal changes, and histological changes that can be seen in various skin diseases. Some of the key terms mentioned include macule, papule, plaque, nodule, vesicle, bulla, pustule, abscess, desquamation, crusting, ulcer, erosion, fissure, atrophy, cicatrix, telangiectasis, acantholysis, acanthosis, basophilic degeneration, spongiosis, dyskeratosis, and hyperkeratosis. The document serves as
COMMON SKIN INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN.pptx
This document provides information on common skin infections in children. It discusses bacterial infections like impetigo, cellulitis, folliculitis, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. It also covers fungal infections, viral infections, and parasitic infections. For accurate diagnosis, a thorough history and physical exam are important. Skin lesions should be classified based on characteristics like size, color, and morphology. Proper treatment depends on the specific infection and may involve topical antibiotics, oral antibiotics, or both.
Similar to Common terms used in skin diseases. (20)
dermatology.Disorders of keratinization.(dr.darseem)
dermatology.Disorders of keratinization.(dr.darseem)
physical exam for skin such as petechia purpura erythema
physical exam for skin such as petechia purpura erythema
SKIN CONDITION presentation for medical students.pptx
SKIN CONDITION presentation for medical students.pptx
Recently uploaded
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Recently uploaded (20)
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
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The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Common terms used in skin diseases.
- 2. By Dr. Sajjad Laghari Roll no. 2k17-AV-22
- 3. Muscule It is circumscribed spot having difference of color from the surrounding and is not elevated above the skin surface. Muscule is produced by vasodilation
- 4. Papule It is a solid elevation over the skin around or less than one centimeter in diameter. It is usually pink or red in color. Caused by cellular infiltration, metabolic products, allergic response etc.
- 5. Plaque Solid elevation with flat top having the diameter of more than a centimeter is known as plaque. Plaque is usually observed in acute allergic conditions.
- 6. Nodule Solid circumscribed mass extending into dermis is known as nodule. Large papules greater than one centimeter are also considered as nodule.
- 7. Vesicle Small fluid filled elevation of the superficial epithelium of the skin is known as vesicle. A large vesicle is known as bulla.
- 8. Pustule Vesicle filled with pus are known as pustule. Pustule may be result due to inflammation. Pustule may be considered as superficial minute abcess.
- 9. Wheal (Urticaria, hive) Circumscribed semisolid elevated round or flat topped lesions are known as wheal. It arises due to allergic reactions.
- 10. Scale Excessive accumulation of discarded keratinous debris over the skin surface is known as scale. It remains bran like structure over the skin. It is discharge of sweat and sebaceous glands.
- 11. Crust It is dried discharge of exudate on the skin, skin surface formed of serum blood, epithelial cells, cutaneous debris, microorganisms and medicines.
- 12. Erosion An erosion as known as loss of superficial layer of the skin.
- 13. Ulcer Loss of all layers of epidermis is known as ulcer. Ulcer may be result due to breakdown of vesicles or pustules.
- 14. Excoriation Superficial erosion of the skin is known as excoriation. Mechanical damaged caused by scraching is responsible for excoriation.
- 15. Scar A scare is formed by proliferation of fibrous tissue in an area replacing healed up lesions. Caused due to traumatic damaged, ulceration, surgical intervention etc.
- 16. Lichenfication It is defined as thickening and hardening of tissues. It results due to chronic inflammatory process.
- 17. Fissure Split of skin is known as fissure. The elasticity of the skin is lost in this condition.
- 18. Pigementation There may be hyperpigmentation or hypropigmentation
- 19. Reference Textbook of clinical veterinary medicine by AMALENDU CHAKRABARTI Page no 558
- 20. Thank you