The document describes various SQL queries and concepts. It includes examples of: - Joining multiple tables to retrieve related data - Aggregating data using functions like SUM and GROUP BY - Using subqueries and CTEs to filter and derive data - Inserting data using a SELECT query - Creating views and functions for reuse - Using a cursor to iterate through a result set and perform updates

5. sku product_description color
1 Ball Red
2 Bike Blue
3 Tent NULL
SELECT C.color color
FROM Colors AS C Black
WHERE C.color NOT IN (SELECT P.color Blue
FROM Products AS P); Green
Red
color
----------
(0 row(s) affected)

6. /* EXISTS */
SELECT C.color
FROM Colors AS C
WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT *
FROM Products AS P
WHERE C.color = P.color);
/* IS NOT NULL in the subquery */
SELECT C.color
FROM Colors AS C
WHERE C.color NOT IN (SELECT P.color
FROM Products AS P
WHERE P.color IS NOT NULL);
/* EXCEPT */
SELECT color
FROM Colors
EXCEPT
SELECT color
FROM Products;
/* LEFT OUTER JOIN */
SELECT C.color
FROM Colors AS C
LEFT OUTER JOIN Products AS P
ON C.color = P.color
WHERE P.color IS NULL;

8. SELECT customer_name
FROM Customers
WHERE LEFT(customer_name, 1) = 'L';
SELECT SUM(sale_amount) AS total_sales
FROM Sales
WHERE DATEPART(YEAR, sale_date) = 2009
AND DATEPART(MONTH, sale_date) = 1;
/* Exception: SQL Server 2008 only */
SELECT SUM(sale_amount) AS total_sales
FROM Sales
WHERE CAST(sale_date AS DATE) = '20090101';

9. SELECT customer_name
FROM Customers
WHERE customer_name LIKE 'L%';
SELECT SUM(sale_amount) AS
total_sales
FROM Sales
WHERE sale_date >= '20090101'
AND sale_date < '20090201';

11. calendar_date holiday_name
2009-01-01 New Year’s Day
2009-01-02 NULL
2009-01-03 NULL
2009-01-04 NULL
2009-01-05 NULL
sale_date sale_amount
2009-01-01 120.50
2009-01-02 115.00
SELECT sale_date, sale_amount
FROM Sales AS S 2009-01-03 140.80
WHERE sale_date IN 2009-01-04 100.50
(SELECT sale_date
FROM Calendar AS C
WHERE holiday_name IS NOT NULL);

12. SELECT sale_date, sale_amount
FROM Sales AS S
WHERE sale_date IN
(SELECT C.calendar_date
FROM Calendar AS C
WHERE C.holiday_name IS NOT NULL);

15. CREATE TABLE Customers (
customer_nbr INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
first_name VARCHAR(35) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(35) NOT NULL);
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM Customers
WHERE last_name = N'Brown';
/*
StmtText
-----------------------------------
|--Clustered Index Scan(OBJECT:(
[dbo].[Customers].[PK_Customer]),
WHERE:(CONVERT_IMPLICIT(nvarchar(35),
[dbo].[Customers].[last_name],0)=[@1]))
*/

16. SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM Customers
WHERE last_name = 'Brown';

18. account_nbr account_type account_reference
1 Personal abc
2 Business Basic 101
3 Personal def
4 Business Plus 5
SELECT account_nbr, account_reference AS account_ref_nbr
FROM Accounts
WHERE account_type LIKE 'Business%'
AND CAST(account_reference AS INT) > 20;
SELECT account_nbr, account_ref_nbr
FROM (SELECT account_nbr,
CAST(account_reference AS INT)
AS account_ref_nbr
FROM Accounts
WHERE account_type LIKE 'Business%') AS A
WHERE account_ref_nbr > 20;

19. SELECT account_nbr,
account_reference AS account_ref_nbr
FROM Accounts
WHERE account_type LIKE 'Business%'
AND CASE WHEN account_reference NOT LIKE '%[^0-9]%'
THEN CAST(account_reference AS INT)
END > 20;

21. SELECT C.customer_name,
SUM(COALESCE(O.order_amt, 0)) AS total_2009
FROM Customers AS C
LEFT OUTER JOIN Orders AS O
ON C.customer_nbr = O.customer_nbr
WHERE O.order_date >= '20090101'
GROUP BY C.customer_name;
SELECT C.customer_name, O.order_amt, D.qty
FROM Customers AS C
LEFT OUTER JOIN Orders AS O
ON C.customer_nbr = O.customer_nbr
INNER JOIN OrderDetails AS D
ON D.order_nbr = O.order_nbr
AND D.sku = 101;

22. -- Correct predicate in join conditions
SELECT C.customer_name,
SUM(COALESCE(O.order_amt, 0)) AS total_2009
FROM Customers AS C
LEFT OUTER JOIN Orders AS O
ON C.customer_nbr = O.customer_nbr
AND O.order_date >= '20090101'
GROUP BY C.customer_name;
-- Correct with OUTER join
SELECT C.customer_name, O.order_amt, D.qty
FROM Customers AS C
LEFT OUTER JOIN Orders AS O
ON C.customer_nbr = O.customer_nbr
LEFT OUTER JOIN OrderDetails AS D
ON D.order_nbr = O.order_nbr
AND D.sku = 101;

25. SELECT sku, product_description,
(SELECT plant_nbr
FROM ProductPlants AS B
WHERE B.sku = A.sku) AS plant_nbr
FROM Products AS A;
SELECT A.sku, A.product_description, B.plant_nbr
FROM Products AS A
JOIN ProductPlants AS B
ON A.sku = B.sku
WHERE B.sku =
(SELECT C.sku
FROM NewProducts AS C
WHERE C.product_description LIKE '%guitar%');

26. SELECT A.sku,
A.product_description,
B.plant_nbr
FROM Products AS A
JOIN ProductPlants AS B
ON A.sku = B.sku;

28. INSERT INTO PlasticProducts
SELECT *
FROM Products
WHERE material_type = 'plastic';
CREATE VIEW MetalProducts
AS
SELECT *
FROM Products
WHERE material_type = 'metal';

29. INSERT INTO PlasticProducts
(sku, product_description, material_type)
SELECT sku, product_description, material_type
FROM Products
WHERE material_type = 'plastic';

31. CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetTotalSales(@sku INT)
RETURNS DECIMAL(15, 2)
AS
BEGIN
RETURN(SELECT SUM(sale_amount)
FROM Sales
WHERE sku = @sku);
END
SELECT sku,
product_description,
dbo.GetTotalSales(sku) AS total_sales
FROM Products;

32. -- direct calculation in the query
SELECT P.sku, P.product_description,
SUM(S.sale_amount) As total_sales
FROM Products AS P
JOIN Sales AS S
ON P.sku = S.sku
GROUP BY P.sku, P.product_description;
-- table-valued function
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetTotalSales(@sku INT)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN(SELECT SUM(sale_amount) AS total_sales
FROM Sales
WHERE sku = @sku);
-- query using table-valued function with CROSS APPLY
SELECT sku, product_description, total_sales
FROM Products AS P
CROSS APPLY dbo.GetTotalSales(P.sku) AS S;

34. DECLARE PriceUpdates
CURSOR LOCAL
FORWARD_ONLY
STATIC
READ_ONLY
FOR SELECT sku, price
FROM NewPrices;
OPEN PriceUpdates;
FETCH NEXT FROM PriceUpdates
INTO @sku, @price;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
UPDATE ProductPrices
SET price = @price,
effective_start_date = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
WHERE sku = @sku;
FETCH NEXT FROM PriceUpdates
INTO @sku, @price;
END

35. UPDATE ProductPrices
SET price = (SELECT N.price
FROM NewPrices AS N
WHERE N.sku = ProductPrices.sku),
effective_start_date = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
WHERE EXISTS(SELECT *
FROM NewPrices AS N
WHERE N.sku = ProductPrices.sku);