Poultry feedstuff components Common poultry feedstuff Nutrient requirement of poultry

1. Common feedstuffs for poultry
and nutrient requirement of
poultry
MUHAMMED
AMEER
ALB7108

2. Components of poultry feedstuff
•Composed primarily of a mixture of several feedstuffs
such as cereal grains, soybean meal, animal by-product
meals, fats, and vitamin and minerals.
•Provide the energy and nutrients that are essential for
the bird's growth, reproduction and health.
•The energy necessary for maintaining the bird's
general metabolism and for producing meat and eggs is
provided by dietary components, primarily
carbohydrates, fats, protein, etc.

3. CARBOHYDRATES
•Important sources of energy for poultry.
•Cereal grains such as corn, grain sorghum, wheat, and
barley contribute most of the carbohydrates to poultry
diets.
•These carbohydrates include polysaccharides, such as
cellulose, hemicellulose, pentosans, and
oligosaccharides, such as stachyose and raffinose, etc.
•Thus, these dietary carbohydrates often contribute little
to meeting the energy requirement of poultry, and some
adversely affect the digestive processes of poultry when
present in sufficient dietary concentrations.

4. PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS
•Amino acids obtained from dietary protein are used by
poultry to fulfill a diversity of functions.
•Amino acids are primary constituents of structural and
protective tissues, such as skin, feathers, bone matrix,
and ligaments, as well as of the soft tissues, including
organs and muscles.
•Serve a variety of metabolic functions and as
precursors of many important non-protein body
constituents

5. FATS
•Fat is usually added to the feed for meat-type poultry
to increase overall energy concentration and, in turn,
improve productivity and feed efficiency.
•Oxidation of fat is an efficient means to obtain energy
for the cell in large quantity, whereas anabolic use
involves direct incorporation into the body as a part of
growth.

6. VITAMINS
•Vitamin C is synthesized by poultry and is,
accordingly, not considered a required dietary nutrient.
•Vitamin D for poultry must be in the form of vitamin
D3, which is found naturally in fish liver oil or may be
synthesized by the irradiation of animal sterol.
•Dietary supplements frequently contain levels of
vitamins in considerable excess of the minimum
requirements

7. WATER
•Water must be regarded as an essential nutrient,
although it is not possible to state precise requirements.
•The amount needed depends on environmental
temperature and relative humidity, the composition of
the diet, rate of growth or egg production, and
efficiency of kidney resorption of water in individual
birds.
•It has been generally assumed that birds drink
approximately twice as much water as the amount of
feed consumed on a weight basis, but water intake
actually varies greatly.

8. Other Components
• Xanthophyll
• Unidentified Growth factors
• Antimicrobials

9. COMMON FEED STUFFS FOR
POULTRY
Energy Source
Maize
Sorghum
Millets
Barley
Oats
Wheat
Wheat bran
Rice brokens
Rice polish and bran
Salseed meal
Tapioca
Molasses
Plant origin Animal origin
Groundnut cake
Soyabean meal
Sunflower cake
Rapeseed meal
Cotton seed cake
Linseed cake
Fish meal
Meat meal
Blood meal
Liver residue meal
Silk worm pupae meal
Tadpole/ Frog meal
Hatchery by-product meal
Protein sources

10. NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT OF
CHICKEN FEEDS (BIS)
Nutrient
Broiler Starter (0-3
wks)
Broiler Finisher (4-7
wks) Chick Mash (0-8 wks)
Grower Mash (9-20
wks) Layer Mash (21-72 wks)
ME (Kcal/kg) 2900 3000 2800 2600 2650
Crude Protein %*
22 19-22 20 16 18Crude Protein %*
Crude Fiber %** 3.5 4 4 7 6
Acid insoluble ash % ** 3 3 3 4 4
Salt %** 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Lysine %* 12 1.2 1 0.7 0.5
Methionine %* 0.45 0.35 0.45 0.25 0.25
Vitamin A IU/kg 6500 6500 4500 4500 9000
Vitamin D IU/kg 650 650 650 650 1300
Vitamin E mg/kg 30 30 15 15 15
Thiamine pg/kg 2 2 6 6 6
Riboflavin mg/kg 5 5 5 5 5
Vitamin B12 mg/kg 8 8 15 15 15
Cholinechloride mg/kg 1500 1500 1400 - -
Calcium %* 1 1 1 1 3
Phosphorus %* 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Manganese mg/kg 60 60 55 55 55
Copper mg/kg 4 4 2 2 2
Zinc mg/kg 60 60 - - 50
*Minimum level; ** Maximum level; ME- metabolizable energy

11. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
FEEDING POULTRY
• Poultry feed should be well balanced
• Feed should be free from any fungal or bacterial
contamination ( Salmonella, E. coli, Aspergillus,
Mycoplasma etc.,)
• Feed should be free from any toxic principles or anti
nutritional factors like aflatoxin, ochratoxin, T-2 toxin,
trypsin inhibitor, gossypol, ricin etc.
• Finished feed should not be stored for long duration - to
prevent loss of vitamins, growth of mould.
• Moisture content of the ingredients and the finished feeds
should be less than 10%.

12. • Feed in the feed bins should be stirred regularly to
prevent formation of cakes.
• Feeders should not be filled more than l/3rd to avoid
feed wastage.
• Nutrient content of the feed should be changed
depending on the requirement by the bird, birds
production level and the season.
• Underfeeding or overfeeding of the birds should not be
done.

13. SYSTEMS OF FEEDING POULTRY
1.Whole grain feeding system/ free choice feeding
system :This is the oldest system of feeding, wherein
individual grains are kept in individual hopper and birds
are allowed to have grains of their choice. But, this
system of feeding results in nutrient imbalance.
.

14. 2.Grain and Mash method :This is slightly better than
the whole grain feeding method. Here, grain mixture is
kept along with balanced mash feed. But, sometimes
because of selective feeding, nutrient imbalance may
occur

15. 3. All Mash method :All the ingredients required for
feed formulation are ground to appropriate size, mixed
in required proposition and fed as a balanced mixture.
Preferred for all age groups and for all systems of
rearing.

16. • 4. Pellet feeding :Mash feed is prepared and subjected
to high pressure and steam is added and made to pass
through dies. The resultant feed coming out of pelleting
chamber assumes the shape and size of the die.

17. Advantages of pellet feeding :
• Selective feeding will be avoided
• Reduced feed wastage
• Reduced dustiness
• Increased feed consumption
• Better acceptability of unpalatable feed stuffs
• Convenient for feeding
• Reduced labour and handling cost
• Drinkers stay clean

18. • 5. Crumble feeding :Pellets are crushed to make them
into small pieces called crumbles to make it convenient
to be fed to chicks during early part of life (0-2 weeks).