This document summarizes key points from a rural development report and discusses sustainable development in Ethiopia. It shows EfD's coverage of different sustainable development goals and notes Ethiopia's plan to achieve middle-income status and limit carbon emissions by 2025 through climate-resilient green economic development. This involves transforming rural landscapes and shifting labor to green industry and sustainable urbanization powered by renewable energy. It also discusses the importance of agricultural productivity and investments to structural transformation, and policies needed to support an inclusive, green transition to urbanization through safety nets, payment for ecosystem services, and collective action support.

1. Comments on IFAD
Rural Development Report
2016
Gunnar Köhlin
Director, Environment for Development

2. EfD papers – coverage of SDG areas
Source: EfD
117
203
40
54
93
34 36
214
88
277
1 - No Poverty 2 - Zero Hunger 3 - Good Health
and Well-being
6 - Clean water
and Sanitation
7 - Affordable
and Clean
Energy
9 - Industry,
Innovation and
Infrastructure
11 - Sustainable
Cities and
Communities
13 - Climate
Action
14 - Life Below
Water
15 - Life on Land
EfD Projects and Publications and the
Sustainable Development Goals

3. Ethiopia – example of structural
transformation through green growth
CRGE = middle-income status by 2025
and CO2 emissions at 2010 level

4. Climate Resilient Green Economy
demands multiple transformations
• Productive and resilient rural landscapes
with labor shifted to
• Green industrialization, through
• Sustainable urbanization, fuelled by
• Renewable energy production and access
Ethiopia CEA Workshop, November 29, 2016 4

5. Agricultural productivity

6. Changes in average paddy yields in SSA, top 10
and bottom 10 countries, and India (Kei Otsuka)
6
01234
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
SSA except SA Top 10
Bottom 10 India

7. 7
The importance of leveling and straight-row planting
to avoid uneven growth and to facilitate weeding
The same place after leveling
Before leveling

8. Reflections on ag productivity
• The basis for structural transformation – not only of
the rural sector, and also as an adaptation strategy.
• Ag sector needs continued investments – both on
inputs and management practices (one size doesn’t
fit all, and combinations are important).
• Institutions (including tenure reform and
consolidation) need to be improved to pave the
way for improved productivity.
• Valid concern regarding inclusivity

9. Policies for green, inclusive rural –
urban structural transition
• Justin Lin: Need for safety net for urbanization
• Ethiopia: Specific rights for renting out – important
for female headed households, and safety net in
transition.
• Payment for Ecosystem Services – REDD+ etc can
support environmental management and
distribution. Note large transfers in China to Sloping
Land Conversion Program.
• Important focus on collective action – but CPR
management needs support to be profitable and
equitable.

10. In sum:
• Excellent and timely report, esp
• Focus on broad transformations in society
• But, environment/ green growth/ CC adaptation
should take more center stage.
• Good starting point for investment and policy
programming.