Combustion
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Combustion takes place when fuel, most commonly a fossil fuel, reacts with the oxygen in air to produce heat. The heat created by the burning of a fossil fuel is used in the operation of equipment such as boilers, furnaces, kilns, and engines.
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1. Intermolecular forces of attraction include ionic, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces. These forces determine physical properties like boiling point.
2. Stronger intermolecular forces require more kinetic energy to overcome, resulting in higher boiling points. Polar substances have stronger intermolecular forces than nonpolar substances.
3. The boiling point of a liquid is reached when the vapor pressure of the escaping molecules equals the pressure of the air above the liquid. Stronger intermolecular forces make it harder for molecules to break away from the liquid, increasing the boiling point.
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This document discusses combustion and related topics. It defines combustion as a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat. It also defines key terms like fuel, ignition temperature, inflammable substances, and types of combustion such as rapid and spontaneous combustion. The document notes that controlling fire involves cooling combustible materials below their ignition temperature. It also discusses explosion, fuel efficiency, and harmful products from burning fuels such as carbon particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide which causes issues like global warming. Pictures are provided as examples. The document was created for student benefit from various sources.
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Combustion is a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat. A flame is the visible gaseous part of a fire caused by a highly exothermic reaction. For a fire to burn, it requires fuel, oxygen, and heat to reach the ignition temperature of the fuel. Several activities are described to demonstrate these concepts. Activity 1 shows that a flame needs oxygen by extinguishing a candle flame under a glass. Activity 2 shows that coal burns without a flame while a candle burns with a flame. Activity 3 examines the different zones of a candle flame. Activity 4 demonstrates that a substance must reach its ignition temperature to burn by preventing a paper cup of water from burning.
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Combustion is a chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light. The burning of wood is an example of combustion. The substances that undergo combustion are called combustible substances. When combustible substances burn, a hot luminous gas called flame is produced. Flame results from the vapors of combustible substances during burning. The lowest temperature at which a substance will ignite and burn is called its ignition temperature.
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This document discusses combustion and related topics. It defines combustion as a chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen that produces heat. It describes the types of combustion as rapid, spontaneous, or explosive. It explains that the ignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which a substance will catch fire. Substances with low ignition temperatures are called inflammable. Burning fuels produces harmful byproducts like carbon particles, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, which can damage health, environment and property.
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The document discusses specific heat capacity, which is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C. It provides examples showing that substances with higher specific heat capacities, like water, require more heat to increase their temperature compared to substances with lower specific heat capacities. Applications of knowing specific heat capacities include designing cooking pots and understanding weather phenomena like sea breezes and land breezes. The cooling system of a car engine is also explained, where water is used as the coolant due to its high specific heat capacity and boiling point.
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1. Intermolecular forces of attraction include ionic, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces. These forces determine physical properties like boiling point.
2. Stronger intermolecular forces require more kinetic energy to overcome, resulting in higher boiling points. Polar substances have stronger intermolecular forces than nonpolar substances.
3. The boiling point of a liquid is reached when the vapor pressure of the escaping molecules equals the pressure of the air above the liquid. Stronger intermolecular forces make it harder for molecules to break away from the liquid, increasing the boiling point.
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This document discusses combustion and related topics. It defines combustion as a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat. It also defines key terms like fuel, ignition temperature, inflammable substances, and types of combustion such as rapid and spontaneous combustion. The document notes that controlling fire involves cooling combustible materials below their ignition temperature. It also discusses explosion, fuel efficiency, and harmful products from burning fuels such as carbon particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide which causes issues like global warming. Pictures are provided as examples. The document was created for student benefit from various sources.
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The document discusses specific heat capacity, which is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C. It provides examples showing that substances with higher specific heat capacities, like water, require more heat to increase their temperature compared to substances with lower specific heat capacities. Applications of knowing specific heat capacities include designing cooking pots and understanding weather phenomena like sea breezes and land breezes. The cooling system of a car engine is also explained, where water is used as the coolant due to its high specific heat capacity and boiling point.
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Chapter - 6, Combustion and Flame, Science, Class 8
INTRODUCTION
COMBUSTION AND TYPES
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For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
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Combustion and flame
When a candle is burned:
1. The wax melts from the heat of the match and is absorbed by the wick.
2. The molten wax turns to vapor which burns and provides the flame.
3. The chemical reactions of carbon and hydrogen in the wax with oxygen produce carbon dioxide, water, and release energy in the form of heat and light.
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The document describes the basic principles and processes of refrigeration. It discusses:
1) Refrigeration involves removing heat from one substance and transferring it to another to lower the temperature of the first substance. Heat energy cannot be destroyed, only transferred.
2) There are three methods of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation. Refrigeration works by using a refrigerant that absorbs heat as it changes phases from a liquid to a vapor in the evaporator, transferring heat from one place to another.
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This document discusses combustion and flames. It defines combustion as a chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen that produces heat and light. It identifies the three necessary conditions for combustion: a combustible substance, a supporter of combustion (usually oxygen), and heating the substance to its ignition temperature. It describes the structure of a flame and different types of combustion. It also discusses fuels and compares their calorific values and environmental impacts when burned.
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This is a PPT on the chapter- Combustion and Flame, of class 8.
The PowerPoint presentation will help you get an outline of the chapter, and also help create short notes (for revision)
I hope that would be something of your benefit. :)
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Thermal mass is the ability of a material to absorb and store heat energy. Materials with high thermal mass like concrete, brick and tiles require a lot of heat to raise their temperature but release heat slowly, while lightweight materials have low thermal mass. Thermal mass is important for passive solar design as it absorbs heat during the day and releases it at night, moderating indoor temperatures. Thermal mass works best in climates with large daily temperature swings but can exacerbate temperature extremes in constantly hot or cold climates. Effective use of thermal mass must be integrated with insulation and passive solar design techniques.
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During a change of state, such as melting or boiling, heat is absorbed or released without a change in temperature. Specific latent heat is defined as the amount of heat required to change the state of one unit of mass of a substance. The specific latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat required to melt one unit of mass of a solid into a liquid, while the specific latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to vaporize one unit of mass of a liquid into a gas. Latent heat is used in applications like autoclaving hospital equipment and cooking fish quickly using steam.
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Chapter - 6, Combustion and Flame, Science, Class 8
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 6, Combustion and Flame, Science, Class 8
INTRODUCTION
COMBUSTION AND TYPES
IGNITION TEMPERATURE
INFLAMMABLE SUBSTANCE
SOURCES OF SOLAR ENERGY
TYPES OF COMBUSTION
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
FLAME
FUEL AND ITS TYPES
FUEL EFFICIENCY
GLOBAL WARMING
ACID RAIN
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
Thermal properties of matter
1) Evaporation occurs when molecules near the surface of a liquid gain enough kinetic energy to escape, reaching an equilibrium when an equal number return. The boiling point of a liquid is reached when its vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.
2) The boiling point of water is 100°C at sea level but varies with altitude and pressure. Raising or lowering pressure by 28 mmHg changes the boiling point 1°C.
3) Thermal expansion causes the volumes of materials to increase with temperature. The degree of expansion varies between materials like brass and steel.
Combustion and flame
The document defines combustion as the chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat. It requires three conditions: a fuel, oxygen from air, and heat. Combustible substances that burn are called fuels. Combustion can be spontaneous or explosive. Fire is controlled by methods like using water or carbon dioxide to cut off the oxygen supply or reduce heat. A flame zone forms when fuels vaporize during burning and has inner, middle, and outer zones of different temperatures and colors.
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CBSE Class 8 / VIII General Ccience Power Point Presentation
Prepared By
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
Heating values and combustion efficiency
Combustion is the rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, producing heat and light. Heating value or calorific value refers to the amount of heat released during combustion of a fuel. There are two types - gross calorific value includes the heat of vaporization of water, while net calorific value does not. Combustion efficiency is a measure of how well a fuel is utilized during combustion, calculated based on heat produced versus potential heat of the fuel. Factors like excess air, flue gas temperature, fuel specifications and ambient temperature can impact combustion efficiency.
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COMBUSTION AND FLAME PPT- SHORT NOTES/CLASS8/SCIENCE/CHEMISTRY
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Chapter - 6, Combustion and Flame, Science, Class 8
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9
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Combustion
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