Crunk emerged in the early 1990s as a subgenre of hip hop music originating in the Southern United States. It combines hip hop music with electronic dance music and is characterized by up-tempo beats. Popular Crunk artists include Lil Jon & The Eastside Boyz and Ying Yang Twins. Deathcore is an extreme metal genre that combines the heavy riffs and vocals of death metal with the growling vocals and breakdowns of metalcore. It originated in the mid-1990s and bands in the genre like Suicide Silence have faced criticism from fans of other metal subgenres. Roots reggae developed in the 1970s and deals with everyday life and spirituality through artists like Bob Marley, Peter Tosh

1. Music Genres and Sub-genres

2. Crunk
 'Crunk' is a subgenre of 'Hip Hop' music
 'Crunk' music emerged in the early 1990's and gained
mainstream success during the mid 2000's.
 Performers of 'Crunk' music are often referred to as
'Crunkmeisters'
 'Crunk' is often up-tempo and one of the Southern hip hop's
more dance and club originated subgenre's.
 I combines hip hop and electronic dance music.
 Some key 'Crunk' artists are: Lil Jon & The Eastside Boyz, Ying
Yang Twins, Lil Scrappy.

3. Death core
Deathcore is an extreme metal fusion genre that combines the characteristics of death metal and metal
core and sometimes hard-core punk. It is defined by death metal riffs, blast beats and use of metal core
breakdowns. The term deathcore originated in the mid-1990s.
It’s a form of rock / Metal
Deathcore has been criticized and looked down upon, especially by longtime fans of some other heavy
metal subgenres
Suicide silence
Suicide Silence is an American deathcore band from Riverside, California. Formed in 2002, the band has
released five full-length studio albums, one EP and eleven music videos. Wikipedia
Origin: Riverside, California, United States (2002Members: Hernan Hermida, Mark Heylmun, Chris Garza,
Daniel Kenny, Alex Lopez, Mitch LuckerRecord labels: Nuclear Blast, Century Media Records, Epitaph
Records

4. Roots Reggae
 Roots reggae is a subgenre of
reggae that deals with the everyday
lives and aspirations of the artists
and their spiritual lives. Artists
include Bob Marley, Dennis Brown,
Peter Tosh, The Abyssinians and
many more. Roots reggae became
very popular in Europe in the
1970s. Popular roots reggae songs
include 'One Love', 'Get up, stand
up', 'take me home country roads'
and many more.

5. New Jack Swing
 This was a fusion style between R&B and Hiphop. This used vocal styles
from R&B sing
 This style was spearheaded by Teddy Riley and Bernard Belle.
 It was designed to be a more urban style of Hiphop. Which was different
from the common style.
 It was designed to take elements from different forms of jazz to combine
with the R&B vocals, these are usually just used as the backing beat.
Famous songs in this genre are "I want her" by Keith Sweats. It become
popular in the End of the 1980s.
 Instruments commonly used in this genre are the electronic machine and
things such as synthesizer. This was to create a more electronic sound for
the music.
 There are lots of famous musicians in this genre but most notably would
be R,kellys early work.

6. Electro Swing
 Originated in the 1990's in the united states and Europe.
 Is a mix of modern/vintage jazz and swing music. Combined with house
music and hip hop.
 Retains the original ideas and energy of live brass and swing music.
 A popular example is 'We Speak No Americano' by Yolanda Be Cool
 Has been described as the worst genre of music ever as people believe the
two genres don't go together.

7. Chamber Pop
In the mid 1990s, chamber pop developed as a subgenre of indie rock or indie pop in
which musicians opposed the distorted guitars, lo-fi aesthetic, and simple
arrangements common to the alternative or "modern rock" groups of that era.
• It’s a style of rock music, there is a sub genre of indie rock, where the music is very slow but also
electronic instruments are used to make it sound like rock.
• It is an orchestral rock.
• There are strings, horns, and piano used in the indie rock.
• In the music videos there are animals in a lot of the videos.
• Examples; Woodkid iron https://youtu.be/vSkb0kDacjs

8. Moombahton
What Is Moombahton?
Moombahton is a fusion genre of house music and reggaeton that was created by American DJ and producer Dave Nada in Washington, in
2009. Nada coined the name as a portmanteau of Moombah, and Reggaeton.
Genre Characteristics?
Identifying characteristics of moombahton include: thick and spread-out bass line/dramatic builds/a two-step pulse/quick drum fills
Occasionally: ravey synthesizers/a cappella rap samples
So, what is my opinion of it?
Well, after doing some searching, I listened to 'Munchi - Sandungeo' and 'Sidney Samson - Riverside (Dave Nada Moombahton Edit)', and I believe
it is very repetitive, which frustrates me. To speak honestly, to me it's just continuous drums and repeated motifs of the same voices/words. It is
clearly made for dance/clubs, and not made to have any true meaning other than to move your body to. I am sure there are many happy clubs
displaying this music, however, I cannot get into it when there is no real meaning or lyrics.
However, I did find something that surprised me: Billboard.com places Justin Bieber's 'Sorry' as among the top 25 best Moombahton songs so far,
which made me question the genre once more. I guess with its repetitive drum beat, etc, it is very similar to the other Moombahton songs I listened
to. It was a pleasant shock when scrolling through loads of other videos that I had never once heard of before.

9. New Romantics
 Also known as 'Blitz Kids'
 New romantics was a pop culture movement in the UK which began
in 1979 but peaked in 1981
 Known artists such as Duran Duran, ABC and even David Bowie
were all part of this genre
 Characteristics:
Both sexes often wore counter-sexual clothing
It was also known for the artists to wear eyeliner and
mascara
They were known for their lush and ornate sound

10. Ska Punk
 Ska is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the
precursor to rocksteady and reggae.
 Early ska punk combined both 2 Tone and ska with hardcore punk. Ska punk
often features wind instruments and especially horns such as saxophones,
trombones and trumpets, making the genre distinct from other forms of punk
rock. It is similar to traditional Jamaican ska, but faster and heavier.
 Ska punk broke into the mainstream in the mid-1990s with bands such as
Sublime, No Doubt, Goldfinger, Reel Big Fish, Smash Mouth, the Mighty Mighty
Bosstones and Rancid all achieving mainstream success.
 One song that I listened to was a re-make of 'Take on Me' by a-ha. Reel Big Fish
made their version in the mid 1990s, the video has had over 11 million views.

11. Reggaeton
• Originated in Puerto Rico during the 1990s.
• It's influenced by Hip Hop, Latin American and Caribbean
music.
• It includes rapping, singing and Spanish.
• Artists such as Daddy Yankee and J Balvin have become popular
this year with the Reggaeton genre.
• The most viewed music video is from the this genre,
"Despacito" with over 3.6 billion views as of September 6,
2017.

12. Melodic death metal
Subgenre of death metal that includes highly melodic.
Has the aggression and brutality of death metal but also includes sung
vocals as well as scream and roars.
A famous bands from this genre includes In Flames and At The Gates.
The genre was formed in the early 1990s.
Combines aspects of death metal and the new wave British heavy metal.

13. Proto-Punk
 Proto-Punk is the genre of music typically known as preceding punk music, and
was played by garage bands in the 60s or 70s. These bands anticipated the musical
themes of punk music before its invention and recognition. Because so many
bands played different versions of proto-punk, it doesn't have an identifiable
sound. However, it was usually unpolished and dealt with taboo subject matter,
and there was a definite sense that it didn't fit in with rock music at the time.
 Popular proto-punk bands include The Who, The Stooges, Patti Smith, Death,
Suicide, The Kinks... etc .

14. Gabba (Gabber)
 A house music variant originally started in Detroit but
became popular in Holland, specifically Rotterdam.
 It is different to techno/house as it uses a much
harsher, louder sound.
 The majority of the music is electronic with very few
lyrics/no lyrics whatsoever
 There are very few music videos for Gabba as the
artists are often individuals with small budgets.
 List of Gabba artists:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gabber_artists

15. Brazilian pop
 Brazilian Pop is the main source of music in which
Brazilians listen to and is also accepted largely in other
South American countries. There are lots of drums and
instruments which are associated with their traditional
carnivals which they transfer into their songs.
 There are a large variety of artists in this genre such as;
Gilberto Gil, Eliane Ellias, Marisa Monte and many more
 http://www.allmusic.com/style/brazilian-pop-
ma0000011888/artists
The music of Brazil encompasses
various regional musical styles
influenced by African, European
and Amerindian forms. Brazilian
music developed some unique
and original styles.

16. Trip Hop
 Trip Hop (sometimes called 'downtempo') is a musical genre that originated in the
early 1990s in the United Kingdom, especially Bristol. It has been described as "a
fusion of hip hop and electronica until neither genre is recognizable ," and may
incorporate a variety of styles, including funk, dub, soul, psychedelia, R&B, and
house, as well as other forms of electronic music. Trip Hop can be highly
experimental.
 Deriving from later idioms of acid house, the term was first used by the British
music media to describe the more experimental variant of breakbeat emerging
from the Bristol Sound scene in the early 1990s, which contained influences of
soul, funk and jazz. It was pioneered by acts like Massive Attack, Tricky, and
Portishead. Trip Hop achieved commercial success in the 1990s, and has been
described as "Europe's alternative choice in the second half of the '90s.

17. Trapstep
 Some Trap step seems to take original songs and remix them, it is a mixture of both trap music and Dubstep.
 Originally, Trap music was a sub-genre from the 1990's in the USA. Typically, Trap is bleak and gritty and varies
from different artists. Typical lyrics in Trap music include poverty, violence and living in urban areas.
 Trap music employs a heavy use of multi-layered hard-lined and melodic synthesizers; crisp, grimy, and rhythmic
snares; deep 808 kick drums; double-time, triple-time and similarly divided hi-hats; and a cinematic and
symphonic utilization of string, brass, woodwind, and keyboard instruments creating an overall dark, harsh, grim,
and bleak atmosphere for the listener. The tempo of a typical trap beat is around 140 BPM
 'Trap' refers to the place drug dealers give away their drugs, it is commonly used now as before, rappers
referred to the places as the 'trap‘
 Examples of Trapstep music – Wild Thoughts – DJ Khalid (2017) and Know no better – Major lazer (2017)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SELbwr2NJqA

18. K POP
 It’s a music genre originating in South Korea that is
characterized by a wide variety of audio-visual
elements.
 K-pop artists are frequently referred to as idols or idol
groups.
 Modern K-pop "idol" culture began with the boy band
H.O.T. in 1996.
 It is characterized by a mixture of Western sounds with
an Asian aspect of performance.
 K-pop has a significant influence on fashion in Asia,
where trends started by idols are followed by young
audiences.

19. Alternate Dance
 Alternative dance is a genre that
mixes alternative/indie rock with post-
disco dance music. Alternate dance describes artists
that, while rooted firmly in Alternate Rock and Indie
Rock, heavily integrate aspects of Electronic music into
their songs, such as synthesisers and rhythms taken
from Electronic Dance Music. It developed in the early
1980's with New Order's mixing of Synthpop and
Electro- Disco influence with a Post- Punk foundation.
 Examples: Pet Show Boys, Gorillaz and Passion Pit

20. Thai Pop Music
Thai pop music is a genre of Thai Music roughly equivalent to western pop. It emerged in
Thailand itself during the 1970s–80s, and during that period was known as String Music.
During this time, it mixed with other genres, such as disco, funk, dance and rock. It took
over mainstream popularity during the 1990s, and has since dominated the Thai music
industry. Typical instruments played in this sub-genre include drums, bass guitar, keyboard
and synthesizer. Some famous artists include in this genre can be seen below:
- The Impossible

21. Funk metal
 Funk Metal takes the loud guitars and riffs of
heavy metal and melds them to the popping
bass lines and syncopated rhythms of funk.
 Funk metal evolved in the mid-'80s when
alternative bands like the Red Hot Chili Peppers
and Fishbone began playing the hybrid with a
stronger funk underpinning than metal.
 The bands that followed relied more on metal
than funk, though they retained the wild bass
lines.
 Like heavy metal, the genre became a way to
showcase instrumental prowess.

22. Horror Punk
 Horror punk (AKA horror rock) is a music genre that mixes proto-gothic and punk
rock sounds with morbid and violent images and lyrics. These are often influenced by
horror films or science fiction movies.
 Some horror punk artists include Creepshot and Misfits.
 The misfits are the main band associated with the horror punk genre and are known
as the progenitors of the genre.
 Horror punk origin started in 1982 when misfits released their first album 'walk
among us'

23. Synth-Pop (Synthesizer Pop)
Synth-pop, also called Techno-Pop, first became popular in the late 1970's, and reached its heyday in the
1980's.
 Synth-Pop is a sub-genre of new wave music that features the synthesizer as the main instrument.
 Famous artists in the Synth-pop genre include A-ha, Ultravox, Men Without Hats and Chvrches. Others
include TWRP, Berlin and Yellow Magic Orchestra (list here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_synth-
pop_artists ).
A Handheld Synthesizer.
"TWRP" or Tupperware Remix Party, are a
small Synth-pop band who are popular for
making comedy/ surrealism songs such as
'Atomic Karate' and 'Groove Cruisaders'.

24. Happy Hardcore
 Also known as happy rave or
happycore, it is a genre of hard
dance.
 Often coupled with solo vocals or
sentimental lyrics.
 Happy hardcore evolved from
breakbeat hardcore.
 Famous artists include DJ Brisk, Scott
Brown, Scooter and Darren Styles.
 The Bonkers series was one of the
leading happy hardcore compilation
series in the UK.
• UK Hardcore is a genre of music which evolved from and incorporates sound elements from
happy hardcore. UK Hardcore has a characteristically "harder" style and less break-beat
associated with the happy hardcore music of the 1990s.
• Hardcore had taken a new musical direction towards the later half of the 1990s. It now had
little musical resemblance to its origins, generally becoming more vocal-based and at times
producing cover versions of popular songs. This sound attracted a younger audience in the UK.
• Producers looked to regenerate the United Kingdom rave hardcore music scene towards the
end of the 20th century, taking influence from many different styles whilst trying to leave the
late 1990s happy hardcore image behind. Their sound was called UK hardcore; it has seen new
producers enter the scene. This current sound similarly has also found followers from all
corners of the globe.
• Recently, hardcore has seen a growing abundance of digital labels, and amongst them,
upcoming artists such as the highly acclaimed Fracus & Darwin. UK hardcore has also started to
take many different directions with influences from dubstep, electro, techno and old
school rave once again becoming popular in many modern productions.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgmQF1LOB80

25. Metal
 Music videos for metal bands such as Metallica and Led Zeplin are often known for
their stage performances, this is a characteristic and most music videos in this area
often contain dark colours's.
 This goes with the overall theme of the music as it is quite a harsh genre of music
and often contains shouting more than singing.

26. Christian Rock
 It started in the late 1960's, United States.
 Christian Rock is a form of rock music that features lyrics focusing on the manners of the Christian
faith, with emphasis on Jesus.
 Many bands who perform Christian rock have ties to contemporary Christian music labels, media
outlets and festivals whereas some are just individuals.
 Typical instruments played in Christian rock are;
1. Vocals
2. Guitar
3. Bass guitar
4. Drums
5. Keyboard
6. Organ

27. Christian Rock
 There are different subgenres in Christian rock, such as;
1. Christian alternative rock
2. Christian metal
3. Christian punk
4. Christian hardcore
Significant festivals to do with Christian rock are;
1. Cornerstone festivals (USA)
2. Soul survivors (USA)
3. Green belt festival (UK)
4. Creation fest (UK)

28. Screamo
 Screamo music came from emo and some other genres in the early 1990's,
It combines musical intensities into short songs to create an aggressive style of
emo. Screamo is characterized by a
strong influence from hardcore punk and the use of screamed vocals.
 It was pioneered by San Diego bands Heroin and Antioch Arrow, and developed
mainly in the East coast of the US.
 Lyrical themes usually include emotional pain, Romantic interests, Politics
and human rights.
 Screamo is often mistaken for any type of music involving screamed vocals.

29. Contemporary Country
 A fusion between classic country music and rock/pop
characteristics. During the 80’s and the 90’s it was still
essentially country but it reached a wider audience with artists
such as Garth Brooks due to its fusions with other genres.
 Mainly consisted of male singers with a few notable exceptions
(Shania Twain, Faith Hill).
 Due to increased exposure it became more and more pop
infused. As country music shifted away from its roots, this
resulted in popularity for acts such as; Shania Twain, LeAnn
Rimes, the Dixie Chicks and Faith Hill in the 90s. Whether the
songs were more country or pop/rock infused, contemporary
country was marked by its occasional use of synthesizers, but
kept the music smooth, helping make it more appealing to
country, rock, and pop.