The document provides an overview of various musical genres including Afro-Latin American music, African music, Latin American music, popular music, and Philippine popular music. It describes the characteristic features and types of these musical genres, including instrumentation, vocal and dance forms, and important musical influences. Examples are given of popular music styles within each genre along with suggested activities for listening, analyzing, choreographing dances, and performing concerts of the different types of music.

2. AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN
AND POPULAR MUSIC

3. • ACTIVITY:
–Listening and Identifying music of Afro-
Latin and Popular Music.

4. Analysis:
• Describe the characteristic features and types
of Afro-Latin American Music and Popular
Music.
Characteristics Types
1. African
2. Latin
3. Popular
4. OPM

5. MUSIC OF AFRICA
• Historical and Cultural Background
of African Music
• Singing, dancing, hand clapping, and the beating of
drums are essential to many ceremonies : birth,
death, initiation, marriage and funerals.
• Important to religious expression and political
events.
• It has great influences on global music
( contemporary American, Latin American, and
European styles)

6. Traditional Music of Africa
Apala
Musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal
style to wake up the worshippers after fasting
during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.
Instrumentation includes the rattle(sekere),
thumb piano (agidigbo), bell ( agogo) and two or
three talking drums.

7. Axe
Popular musical genre from Salvador,
Bahia and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-
Carribean styles of the marcha, reggae
and calypso.
Jit
Hard and fast Zimbabwean dance
music played on drums with guitar
accompaniment.

8. Jive- Lively and uninhibited variation of
jitterbug
Juju
Popular style from Nigeria that relies
on the traditional Yoruba rhythms.
Kwassa Kwassa
Shake your booty dance style begun in
Zaire in the late 80’s.

9. Vocal Forms of African Music
1. Maracatu
Surfaced in the African state of
Pernambuco, combining the strong rhythms
of African percussion instruments with
Portugese melodies. It uses mostly
percussion instruments such as the alfaia,
tarol, and caixa-de-Guerra, gongue, agbe,
and miniero.

10. 2. Blues
Musical form of the late 19th century that
has had deep roots in African-American
communities ( “Deep South” of the United
States). Slaves used to sing as they worked in
the cotton and vegetable fields. The form of
the blues is characterized by specific chord
progression. The twelve-bar blues is the most
common form. The notes of the blues are
normally flattened or gradually bent.

11. 3. Soul
It combines elements of African-
American gospel music, rhythm and
blues, and often jazz. The catchy
rhythms are accompanied by handclaps
and extemporaneous body moves which
are among its important features.
Other characteristics include call and
response between soloist and the
chorus, and an especially tense and
powerful vocal sound.

12. Musical Instruments of Africa
A. Idiophones
These are percussion instruments that are
either struck with a mallet or against
one another.
BALAFON

13. RATTLES
AGOGO
DJEMBE
SHEKERE

14. RASP
SLIT DRUM

15. B. Membranophones
These are instruments which have
vibrating animal membranes used in drums.
Their shapes may be conical, cylindrical, barrel,
hour-glass, globular, or kettle, and are played
with sticks, hands, or a combination of both.
African drums are usually carved from a single
wooden log, and may also be made from
ceramics, gourds, tin cans, and oil drums.

16. BODY PERCUSSION
TALKING DRUM
( LUNA )

17. C. Lamellaphone
One of the most popular African
percussion instruments is the
lamellaphone, which is a set of
plucked tongues or keys mounted on a
sound board. It is known by different
names according to the regions
such as mbira, karimba, kisaanj, and
likembe.

18. MBIRA ( Hand piano/Thumb piano )

19. D. Chordophones
These are instruments which produce
sounds from vibration of strings.
Musical Bow
Lute ( Nkoni)

20. Zeze
Zither
Kora

21. E. Aerophones
These are instruments which are produced
initially by trapped vibrating air columns or
which enclose a body of vibrating air. Flutes
in various sizes and shapes,horns,panpipes,
whistle types, gourd and shell megaphones,
oboe, clarinet, animal horn and wooden
trumpets fall under this category.

22. Atenteben
(Ghana)
Kudu Horn
Reed Pipes
African Whistle Trumpets

23. Music of Latin America

24. Music of Latin America is the product of three
major influences- Indigenous, Spanish-
Portuguese, and African.
Indigenous Latin-American Music
Natives were found to be using local
drum and percussion instruments such as
the guiro, maracas, and turtle shells, and
wind instruments such as zampona ( pan
pipes) and quena (notched-end flutes).

25. Materials came from hollow tree trunks,
animal skins, fruit shells, dry seeds, jaguar
claws, animal and human bones and
especially-treated inflated eyes of tigers.
The indigenous music of Latin America was
largely functional in nature, being used for
religious worship and ceremonies

26. Musical Instruments of Latin America
ZAMPONA
GUIRO
MARACAS

27. Popular Latin American Music
Some of these popular music forms are
tango, bossanova, samba, son and salsa.
A. Samba- dance form of African origins
around 1838 which evolved into an African-
Brazilian invention in the working class and
slum districts of Rio de Janeiro.

28. B. Son- Fusion of the popular music or
“canciones” of Spain and the African rumba
rhythms of Bantu origin. Originating in Cuba, it
is usually played with the tres (guitar),
contrabass, bongos, maracas, and claves.
C. Salsa- Social dance with marked
influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico. Its
style contains elements from the swing
dance and hustle as well as the complex
Afro-Cuban and Afro- Carribean dance forms
of pachanga and guaguanco.

29. Vocal and Dance Forms Of Latin American Music
1. Cumbia- originated in Panama, popular
courtship dance
2. Tango- African origin meaning “African
Dance”/from the Spanish word “Taner” meaning
to play. Foremost Argentinian and Uruguayan
urban popular song and dance.
3. Cha cha- Derived from mambo and its
characteristic rhythm.
4. Rumba- recreational dance of Afro-Cuban
origin, normally used as a ballroom dance
where a solo dancer or couple would be in an
embrace though slightly apart.

30. 5. Bossa Nova- originated in 1958 as a
movement effecting a radical change in the
classic Cuban samba. The word “bossa” means
either ‘trend’ or ‘something charming,
integrating melody, harmony, and rhythm into a
“swaying” feel, where the vocal production is
often nasal.
6. Reggae- popular music and dance style that
originated in Jamaica in the mid 1960’s. Robert
Nesta “Bob” Marley achieved international
fame and acclaim because of his songs :No
Woman, No Cry, One Love, Three Little Birds
and others.

31. 7. Foxtrot- Gave rise to other dances such as the
black bottom, Charleston and shimmy.
8. Paso Doble- “double step” is a theatrical
Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in
bullfights. The dance is arrogant and dignified
with a duple meter, march-like character.

32. POPULAR MUSIC
Popular music literally means “music of the
populace,” similar to traditional folk music of the
past. As it developed in the 20th century, pop music
(as it has come to be called) generally consisted of
music for entertainment of large numbers of people,
whether on radio or in live performances. From the
standard songs and ballads of the legendary Cole
Porter, George Gershwin, and Frank Sinatra to the
rock and roll craze of Elvis Presley and the Beatles
and the present day idols in the alternative music
and disco modes, popular music is now shared by
the entire world.

33. 1. BALLADS
The ballad originated as an expressive folksong in
narrative verse with text dealing typically
about love. The word is derived both from the
medieval French “chanson balladee” and
“ballade” which refers to a dancing song. Used by
poets and composers since the 18th
century, it became a slow popular love song in the
19th century.

34. 2. STANDARDS
In music, the term “standard” is used to denote
the most popular and enduring songs
from a particular genre or style, such as those
by Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Rodgers
and Hart. Its style is mostly in a slow or
moderate tempo with a relaxed mood. It also
features highly singable melodies within the
range and technical capacity of the everyday
listener.
Proponents of this style:
1. Frank Sinatra – My Way
2. Nat King Cole – Unforgettable
3. Matt Monroe – Portrait of my Love

35. 3. ROCK AND ROLL
Rock and roll was a hugely popular song form in
the United States during the late 1940’s
to the 1950’s. It combined Afro-American forms
such as the blues, jump blues, jazz, and
gospel music with the Western swing and
country music. The lead instruments were the
piano and saxophone, but these were eventually
replaced by modern instruments.
Proponents:
1. Elvis Presley
2. The Beatles

36. 4. DISCO
The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop
music known as “disco.” Disco music pertained
to rock music that was more danceable, thus
leading to the establishment of venues for
public dancing also called discos. The term
originated from the French word “discotheque”
which means a library of phonograph records.
Famous figures: ABBA, Donna Summer (“The Queen of
Disco”), TheBee Gees; Earth, Wind, and Fire; KC and the
Sunshine Band; The Village People; and Gloria Gaynor,
bringing us such hits as Dancing Queen, Stayin’ Alive,
Boogie Wonderland, and Hot Stuff.

37. 5. POP MUSIC
Parallel with the disco era, other pop music
superstars continued to emerge.
(Carpenters, Celine Dion, Michael Jackson,
Backstreet Boys. Kpop, Katy Perry.
6. HIP HOP AND RAP
Hip hop music is a stylized, highly rhythmic type
of music that usually (but not always)
includes portions of rhythmically chanted words
called “rap.” In rapping, the artist speaks
along with an instrumental or synthesized beat..

38. 7. ALTERNATIVE MUSIC
Alternative music was an underground
independent form of music that arose in the
1980’s.It became widely popular in the 1990’s as a
way to defy “mainstream” rock music. Thus, it was
known for his unconventional practices such as
distorted guitar sounds, oppressive lyrics, and
defiant attitudes.
Example:
You belong with me
Shake it off

39. PHILIPPINE POPULAR MUSIC
The one word that comes to mind when we think
of contemporary Philippine music is the type
commonly termed as Original Pinoy Music or
Original Philippine Music,or OPM for short. It was
originally used to refer only to Philippine pop
songs, particularly ballads, such as those popular
after the collapse of its predecessor, the Manila
Sound, in the late 1970s up until the present.
• Phil. Pop Music – Hahabol habol
• Phil. Jazz (Eddie Katindig)
• Phil. Alternative Folk Music – Anak, Magellan
• Phil. Rock – Jeproks
• Pinoy Rap

40. Activity : Choreography to Express the Music
Individual or Group Activity
1. Conceptualize a choreography to show some dance
steps set to the following
music:
a. African
b. Latin American
c. Popular (Pop) Music
d. OPM
2. How does it feel to conceptualize the dance
movements in each music category?

41. ACTIVITY: Singing Concert – live performance
1. African Music -
2. Latin-American music -
3. Popular Music
4. OPM