Cosmetics contain a variety of natural and synthetic chemical compounds. They are used for personal care, skin care, and altering appearance. Common ingredients include surfactants in facewash, oxidative and direct dyes in hair dye, nitrocellulose in nail polish, and waxes in lipstick. Cosmetics are formulated using chemistry to produce their intended effects.

1. CHEMISTRY OF COSMETICS
Binny Maria Babu
2nd PG Polymer Chemistry
SB College Changanassery

2. INTRODUCTION
• Cosmetics are constituted mixtures of
chemical compounds derived from
either natural sources, or synthetically created
ones. Cosmetics have various purposes. Those
designed for personal care and skin care can be
used to cleanse or protect the body or skin.
Cosmetics designed to enhance or alter one's
appearance (makeup) can be used to conceal
blemishes, enhance one's natural features (such
as the eyebrows and eyelashes), add color to a
person's face, or change the appearance of the
face entirely to resemble a different person,
creature or object. Cosmetics can also be
designed to add fragrance to the body.

3. Chemicals in Cosmetics
• A variety of organic compounds and inorganic
compounds comprise typical cosmetics.
• Natural
• shea butter, coconut oil, avocado oil,
frankincense essential oil, patchouli essential oil
and liquorice extract.
• Mineral
• smectite (smecta), kaolinite, sulphur, halite,
sylvite, kieserite, talc .

4. 1. FACEWASH
Facial cleansers contain detergents called 'surfactants'
that remove unwanted substances and particles from
the outermost layer of skin. These surfactants, which
vary in strength and effectiveness, work by
attracting oil, makeup, dirt, and debris so they can
be rinsed away easily.

5. RETINOL
Salicylic Acid
glycerin

6. 2. HAIR DYE
• . The ingredients in hair-coloring products
or hair dyes are among the most reactive
chemicals used in the cosmetic industry. Hair-
coloring products are divided into oxidative
(permanent) dyes and direct (temporary or
semipermanent) dyes. Oxidative hair dyes
contain the oxidizer hydrogen peroxide and a
dye intermediate such as paraphenylene-diamine
(PPD), resorcinol, and aminophenol.
• Direct dyes include semipermanent and
temporary dyes. Temporary hair dyes contain
azo, triphenylmethane, anthraquinone, or
indamine dyes while semipermanent hair dyes
contain nitro-phenylenediamines, nitro-
aminophenols, and some azo dyes.

7. PARAPHENYLENE-DIAMINE RESORCINOL

8. 3. NAIL POLISH
• Conventional nail polish consists of a
polymer, most commonly
nitrocellulose, dissolved in a solvent,
usually ethyl acetate or butyl acetate.
When it is applied the solvent
evaporates, leaving the polymer to
form a film on the nail. Adhesive
polymer resins that are also
contained within the formulation
help the polymer film to stick to the
nail. These so-called film modifiers
also impart a glossiness to the
polymer finish.

9. NITROCELLULOSE

10. 4.MOISTURIZER
Moisturizer creates a barrier between your skin and the climate,
including cold, dry air that can further dry out skin. Moisturizing
also helps to rehydrate and enhance the capacity of the skin to hold
water. Chemicals present in moisturisers include amino acids, lactic
acids, alpha hydroxy acids, propylene glycol, glycerine and urea.
amino acid lactic acid
Propylene glycol

11. 5. LIPSTICK
• What is the science behind lipstick?
There are compounds containing
mainly hydrogen and carbon. The wax
is what gives the lipstick its structure
and glossiness. Chemists add a wide
range of naturally-occurring waxes to
lipstick. For example, they might add
beeswax, which mostly contains
esters, organic acids and
hydrocarbons.

12. MYRICIN
CEROTIC ACID

13. SUMMARY
• Cosmetics products have been generally
defined as “articles intended to be applied
to the human body by being rubbed,
poured, sprinkled, or sprayed for
cleansing, promoting attractiveness,
beautifying, or altering the appearance”.