Color and Texture Interpolation between Imagery and Vector Data

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1) The document discusses creating a smooth transition between orthoimagery and vector map data by interpolating color and texture properties. 2) A methodology is proposed that determines pivot symbolizations and then interpolates symbolization parameters like color and texture to merge the visual properties between the two data sources. 3) An interactive user test validated that texture interpolation best controls the perception of realism along the transition. 4) The results include a "cartographic continuum" that smoothly transitions styles between the abstract vector map style and realistic imagery style.

Color and Texture Interpolation
Between Orthoimagery and Vector Data
Charlotte Hoarau, Sidonie Christophe
GeoVIS - ISPRS GeoSpatial Week - Thursday, October 1srt 2015

CONTEXT and CHALLENGES
Hybrid visualization between maps and imagery

3C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Long term purpose
 Modelisation of the cartographic style
 Style navigation between cartographic representations
→ Design method to create Cartographic Continuum
Topographic Map Imagery

4C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Design challenges
Create efficient hybrid visualizations
→ Avoid global image blending by transparency
→ Understand the perception of conveyed information
→ Create smooth transition to help cognitive tasks
(such as feature recognition, territory comprehension, etc.)

5C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Heterogeneous visual perception
02.07.1

6C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
 Abstract representation of the real world
“All maps are abstractions of the reality”
[Robinson et Al. 95]
 Information is identified, interpreted,
structured and hierarchised
 Abstraction steps in the cartographic
process
 Data selection
 Data generalization
 Data symbolization
Topographic map perception

7C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Imagery perception
 Realistic representation from the sky
 Photo-realism effect
 Automated acquisition
 Continuous representation
 Non encoded information
 Increased credibility in a “ground truth”
 Difficult to interpret as “raw” data

8C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Question research
Orthoimagery Topographic map
 How to merge them into an hybrid visualization ?
 How to create visual and progressive transitions ?

METHODOLOGY
Visual properties interpolation

10C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Mixing imagery and vector data
Vector
Cartographic
Database
Raster
Imagery
Database
Hybrid
Visualization

11C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Merging visual properties : Color and Texture
 From the map : bright colors (conventional or abstract)
 From the imagery : natural textures and colors
 Procedural rendering methods

12C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Methodology
Determining pivot
symbolizations

13C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Pivot symbolization
 Using endings visual properties

14C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Pivot symbolization
 Using endings visual properties

15C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Methodology
Determining pivot
symbolizations
Interpolating
Symbolization
parameters

16C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Color interpolation
Applied to the hydrography
Map color Natural color

17C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Raster Color Interpolation

18C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Applied to buildingsgs
Natural texture interpolation
Plain color Transparent color

19C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Procedural texture interpolation
Applied to the vegetation
Procedural texturePlain color

20C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
 How to choose pivot symbolizations ?
 How to combine parameter interpolations ?
Interpolation parameterization
02.07.1

21C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
 How to synchronize cartographic themes ??
Imagery Map
02.07.1
Interpolation parameterization
Using the perceived realism level

22C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Interactive online user test
02.07.1

23C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
 The texture is more relevant to control the realism level
 Validation of one interpolation combination
Main results on realism perception
02.07.1

CARTOGRAPHIC RESULTS
Realism-Abstraction Continuum

25C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Continuum design

26C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Continuum design

27C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Continuum design

28C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Continuum design
Color Interpolation Texture Interpolation

29C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Continuum design
Color Interpolation Texture Interpolation

30C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic Continuum

31C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic Continuum

32C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic Continuum

33C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic Continuum

34C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic Continuum

35C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic Continuum

36C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic Continuum
Style IGN Style OSM

37C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic Continuum
Style IGN Style OSM

38C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic Continuum
Style IGN Style OSM

39C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic Continuum
Style IGN Style OSMStyle IGN Style OSM

40C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic Continuum
Style IGN Style OSM

41C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic Continuum

CONCLUSION and PERSPECTIVES
Hybrid visualization between maps and imagery

43C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
Cartographic continuum design
 Interpolating color and texture properties allows to
create smooth graphic transitions
→ How to evaluate the evolution of the perception by
merging representations ?

44C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week
 Integration of continuum in multiplexing tools
→ How to support specific cognitive tasks ?
Interaction with cartographic continuum

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When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best. Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level. Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.

The cost of acquiring information by natural selection

Carl Bergstrom

This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome. It's based on the first part of this research paper: The cost of information acquisition by natural selection Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577

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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf

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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young

Sérgio Sacani

The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the ‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space, because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago. We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data 1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’ did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.

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Color and Texture Interpolation between Imagery and Vector Data

1. Color and Texture Interpolation Between Orthoimagery and Vector Data Charlotte Hoarau, Sidonie Christophe GeoVIS - ISPRS GeoSpatial Week - Thursday, October 1srt 2015

2. CONTEXT and CHALLENGES Hybrid visualization between maps and imagery

3. 3C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Long term purpose  Modelisation of the cartographic style  Style navigation between cartographic representations → Design method to create Cartographic Continuum Topographic Map Imagery

4. 4C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Design challenges Create efficient hybrid visualizations → Avoid global image blending by transparency → Understand the perception of conveyed information → Create smooth transition to help cognitive tasks (such as feature recognition, territory comprehension, etc.)

5. 5C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Heterogeneous visual perception 02.07.1

6. 6C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week  Abstract representation of the real world “All maps are abstractions of the reality” [Robinson et Al. 95]  Information is identified, interpreted, structured and hierarchised  Abstraction steps in the cartographic process  Data selection  Data generalization  Data symbolization Topographic map perception

7. 7C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Imagery perception  Realistic representation from the sky  Photo-realism effect  Automated acquisition  Continuous representation  Non encoded information  Increased credibility in a “ground truth”  Difficult to interpret as “raw” data

8. 8C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Question research Orthoimagery Topographic map  How to merge them into an hybrid visualization ?  How to create visual and progressive transitions ?

9. METHODOLOGY Visual properties interpolation

10. 10C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Mixing imagery and vector data Vector Cartographic Database Raster Imagery Database Hybrid Visualization

11. 11C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Merging visual properties : Color and Texture  From the map : bright colors (conventional or abstract)  From the imagery : natural textures and colors  Procedural rendering methods

12. 12C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Methodology Determining pivot symbolizations

13. 13C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Pivot symbolization  Using endings visual properties

14. 14C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Pivot symbolization  Using endings visual properties

15. 15C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Methodology Determining pivot symbolizations Interpolating Symbolization parameters

16. 16C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Color interpolation Applied to the hydrography Map color Natural color

17. 17C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Raster Color Interpolation

18. 18C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Applied to buildingsgs Natural texture interpolation Plain color Transparent color

19. 19C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Procedural texture interpolation Applied to the vegetation Procedural texturePlain color

20. 20C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week  How to choose pivot symbolizations ?  How to combine parameter interpolations ? Interpolation parameterization 02.07.1

21. 21C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week  How to synchronize cartographic themes ?? Imagery Map 02.07.1 Interpolation parameterization Using the perceived realism level

22. 22C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Interactive online user test 02.07.1

23. 23C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week  The texture is more relevant to control the realism level  Validation of one interpolation combination Main results on realism perception 02.07.1

24. CARTOGRAPHIC RESULTS Realism-Abstraction Continuum

25. 25C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Continuum design

26. 26C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Continuum design

27. 27C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Continuum design

28. 28C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Continuum design Color Interpolation Texture Interpolation

29. 29C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Continuum design Color Interpolation Texture Interpolation

30. 30C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic Continuum

31. 31C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic Continuum

32. 32C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic Continuum

33. 33C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic Continuum

34. 34C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic Continuum

35. 35C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic Continuum

36. 36C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic Continuum Style IGN Style OSM

37. 37C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic Continuum Style IGN Style OSM

38. 38C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic Continuum Style IGN Style OSM

39. 39C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic Continuum Style IGN Style OSMStyle IGN Style OSM

40. 40C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic Continuum Style IGN Style OSM

41. 41C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic Continuum

42. CONCLUSION and PERSPECTIVES Hybrid visualization between maps and imagery

43. 43C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week Cartographic continuum design  Interpolating color and texture properties allows to create smooth graphic transitions → How to evaluate the evolution of the perception by merging representations ?

44. 44C. Hoarau, S. Christophe GeoVIS – ISPRS GeoSpatial Week  Integration of continuum in multiplexing tools → How to support specific cognitive tasks ? Interaction with cartographic continuum

45. Color and Texture Interpolation Between Orthoimagery and Vector Data Charlotte Hoarau, Sidonie Christophe GeoVIS - ISPRS GeoSpatial Week - Thursday, October 1srt 2015

Color and Texture Interpolation between Imagery and Vector Data

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