Collective identity 2011
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Collective identity refers to a shared sense of belonging to a group based on real or imagined attributes. It is a perception that may be constructed rather than directly experienced. Scholars debate whether collective identity is more a social construction imposed by outsiders rather than a true reflection of one's identity. The document discusses how young people's identities are often represented negatively in media through dominant images but they also create their own subcultures and collective identities through music, art, fashion and lifestyle choices. It tasks students to create a self-representation chart considering individual and collective identities as well as conscious choices of included and excluded images and their connotations.
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Collective ID Thursday 28th April
The document discusses media representations of collective identity, using Black British collective identity as a case study. It addresses key questions around how media represent various groups, how representations have changed over time, and the social implications of different representations. The document discusses identity as something that is socially constructed through relationships and media portrayals, and how media shapes concepts of identity through the representations it chooses. Specifically, it suggests media often relies on stereotypical portrayals of ethnic minorities that reinforce dominant ideological views and help maintain social hierarchies.
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Representation refers to how people, places, ideas and concepts are portrayed in media and images. There are several theories about how representation works, including that the media reflects and shapes our view of reality, and that popular culture signs and images dominate our sense of self and world. Representation is linked to postmodern ideas like hyperreality, where the distinction between reality and its media depiction is blurred. Key issues in representation include how portrayals seem natural, the use of stereotypes, and what social groups and concepts are depicted or left out of media.
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The document discusses collective identity and how media representations can influence people's sense of belonging and identity. It explores different views on whether audiences are passive or active in how they consume and make meaning from media. While some argue media influences identity formation, others believe audiences play an active role in interpreting representations and constructing their own identities through social interactions and everyday experiences. Collective identity is formed not just through mainstream media but also through self-construction and communities that share interests, backgrounds, or values.
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This document discusses collective identity and how individuals belong to groups that share traditions and values. It addresses how collective identity is represented in media texts and constructed by users through media. Collective identities can include communities formed around age, gender, ethnicity or political ideas. The document presents theories from David Gauntlett and Anthony Giddens on how identity is consciously constructed through media and shaped by social structures. It focuses study on collective youth identity and gender identity as represented in various films and television shows from different time periods.
Media And Collective Identity Notes (OCR Media Conference 2009)
This document provides an overview of the G325: Critical Perspectives in Media course specification focusing on the study of media and collective identity. Some key points:
- Students choose a topic area like gender, ethnicity, age, etc. to study representations across at least two media through case studies and research.
- Exam questions may address how media represents groups, historical comparisons, and social implications of representations.
- Definitions of collective identity center around a shared sense of belonging and connection in relation to others.
- Theories discussed include Habermas' public sphere concept and how mass media has transformed public participation and civic engagement.
- Suggestions are provided for exploring representations of Britishness
Collective identity 1
Collective identity refers to an individual's sense of belonging to a group through shared social activities like consuming media. While media representations present a view of reality, audiences can interpret messages actively and form their own identities. Theories suggest identity is constructed through social interactions rather than inherent, and media provide resources for self-reflection and choosing a lifestyle. Collective identities also form through online fan communities sharing interests in age, gender, culture and politics. Ultimately measuring collective identity is difficult as representations only have meaning through individual interpretation.
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The document summarizes several theorists' perspectives on representation, identity, and media. Richard Dyer discussed how stereotypes reduce groups to few characteristics and exaggerate them. David Buckingham noted that media don't present reality but represent it, and help form collective identity. David Gauntlet said identity is now consciously constructed using media tools. Stanley Cohen described how moral panics spread via exaggerated media representations. Stuart Hall discussed dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings. Roland Barthes theorized about mythologies that perpetuate ruling ideologies. Antonio Gramsci discussed cultural hegemony where ruling ideals become norms.
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Representation refers to how people, places, ideas and concepts are portrayed in media and images. There are several theories about how representation works, including that the media reflects and shapes our view of reality, and that popular culture signs and images dominate our sense of self and world. Representation is linked to postmodern ideas like hyperreality, where the distinction between reality and its media depiction is blurred. Key issues in representation include how portrayals seem natural, the use of stereotypes, and what social groups and concepts are depicted or left out of media.
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This document discusses collective identity and how individuals belong to groups that share traditions and values. It addresses how collective identity is represented in media texts and constructed by users through media. Collective identities can include communities formed around age, gender, ethnicity or political ideas. The document presents theories from David Gauntlett and Anthony Giddens on how identity is consciously constructed through media and shaped by social structures. It focuses study on collective youth identity and gender identity as represented in various films and television shows from different time periods.
Media And Collective Identity Notes (OCR Media Conference 2009)
This document provides an overview of the G325: Critical Perspectives in Media course specification focusing on the study of media and collective identity. Some key points:
- Students choose a topic area like gender, ethnicity, age, etc. to study representations across at least two media through case studies and research.
- Exam questions may address how media represents groups, historical comparisons, and social implications of representations.
- Definitions of collective identity center around a shared sense of belonging and connection in relation to others.
- Theories discussed include Habermas' public sphere concept and how mass media has transformed public participation and civic engagement.
- Suggestions are provided for exploring representations of Britishness
Collective identity 1
Collective identity refers to an individual's sense of belonging to a group through shared social activities like consuming media. While media representations present a view of reality, audiences can interpret messages actively and form their own identities. Theories suggest identity is constructed through social interactions rather than inherent, and media provide resources for self-reflection and choosing a lifestyle. Collective identities also form through online fan communities sharing interests in age, gender, culture and politics. Ultimately measuring collective identity is difficult as representations only have meaning through individual interpretation.
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The document summarizes several theorists' perspectives on representation, identity, and media. Richard Dyer discussed how stereotypes reduce groups to few characteristics and exaggerate them. David Buckingham noted that media don't present reality but represent it, and help form collective identity. David Gauntlet said identity is now consciously constructed using media tools. Stanley Cohen described how moral panics spread via exaggerated media representations. Stuart Hall discussed dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings. Roland Barthes theorized about mythologies that perpetuate ruling ideologies. Antonio Gramsci discussed cultural hegemony where ruling ideals become norms.
Circuit of Cultural Model by Hall
This document discusses Stuart Hall's circuit model of communication and culture. It explains that culture involves shared meanings that are circulated through media. Hall's circuit model shows how cultural meaning is generated and shaped at five moments: representation, identity, production, consumption, and regulation. The model also emphasizes that meaning is context-dependent and can vary between creator, text, and audience. Examples are provided to illustrate how representations can take on different meanings in different cultural contexts.
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Human identity is increasingly mediated through various forms of media according to several theorists. First, Thomas De Zengotita argues that almost everything we experience or learn comes via media, shaping our views and identity. Second, David Gauntlett notes that modern societies expect individuals to construct their own identities using tools provided by media, though audiences can resist media messages. Third, Althusser suggests media texts can position audiences such that media representations are seen as reality. However, audiences can also negotiate or oppose media meanings.
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Representation in the Media
Representations in media do not present reality directly, but re-present events and ideas in certain ways that invite audiences to understand and agree with preferred interpretations. Whatever representations are used implicitly contain ideologies and values that give media institutions power to influence social attitudes towards groups. Stereotypes are an extreme form of representation that focus on and exaggerate certain aspects to allow audiences to instantly identify meanings, but they are usually negative oversimplifications that make assumptions, especially about minority or disadvantaged groups.
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The document discusses several theorists' concepts relating to media representations of social groups and collective identity. Giroux (1997) argues that media representations of youth serve adult interests and make youth an "empty category." Acland (1995) and Cohen (1972) discuss how media representations of deviant youth reproduce social order and create moral panics. Gramsci (1971) introduces the concept of cultural hegemony. Althusser (1970) discusses ideological state apparatuses, and McRobbie (2004) and Gerbner (1986) discuss symbolic violence and cultivation theory, respectively. The document provides exam advice on answering a question about the social implications of media representations of social groups.
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- Different media sources reinforce gender identities and stereotypes in similar ways.
- Considering media as a whole, what identities or stereotypes does it suggest for different genders?
The document then discusses concepts like collective identity and how participating in social activities can provide individuals a sense of belonging and identity beyond their individual selves. It examines the rewards and risks of social networking and participation
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Representations in media do not present reality directly, but instead represent events and things that have already occurred. Whatever representations are used implicitly contain ideologies and values that can influence social attitudes. Certain media institutions have the power to start "moral panics" through their representations. Stereotypes are an extreme form of representation that focus on and exaggerate certain aspects to allow audiences to instantly identify meanings, but they oversimplify characters and make assumptions, often negatively representing disadvantaged groups.
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The document discusses various theories about media audiences and effects. It covers topics like:
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3) Historical examples of "moral panics" about new media and the idea that media are often blamed for societal issues. Several specific theories and models are also summarized briefly, including cultivation theory, uses and gratifications, and the two-step flow model.
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This document discusses key concepts in media representation theory, including:
- Representations involve how identities are constructed within media texts and in the production and reception processes.
- Representations are judged based on our own experiences and backgrounds.
- Representation is inherently selective, foregrounding some aspects and backgrounding others.
- Representations that are used frequently come to feel natural and unmediated, even though they are constructed.
- Character typing such as archetypes, stereotypes, and genre types allow audiences to quickly understand and relate to characters.
- The way certain groups are represented in media can impact social attitudes and reinforce or challenge existing representations.
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The document provides information on collective identity and how youth identity is constructed. It discusses how collective identities are expressed through cultural materials and depend on some level of acceptance from those the identity applies to. It also examines self-identity versus social identity and how youth identity is shaped by shared experiences and attributes as well as influences from peers, family, school and social environments. Theories from scholars like Giroux, Gramsci and Hall are referenced in relation to how the media and dominant culture can influence and shape youth identities.
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The document discusses representation theory, focusing on the work of Roland Barthes and Laura Mulvey. It explains that Barthes' theory examines how media presents mythic or fairytale-like portrayals of people and places that may not accurately represent reality. It then discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the "male gaze," where women are often depicted as objects of desire from a male point of view in films, and her proposal of adopting a "female gaze" to challenge this. Students are prompted to consider if they have represented people or places in an unrealistic way or constructed characters simply to appeal to the opposite sex in their own coursework.
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This document discusses key concepts around how media representations are constructed rather than objective reflections of reality. It addresses how media images are often interpretations that say something about their subject and can endorse particular ideologies. Media representations may rely on shorthand like stereotypes due to limitations of time and resources. The meaning of representations depends on whose interpretation is being considered - the producer, audience or text itself. Representations can have political or social consequences by influencing how groups are seen and treated in society.
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This document discusses Nikki S. Lee's self-portrait photography project that explores identity. It defines identity as how one derives a self-image from family, gender, culture and socialization. Identity has three levels - personal, relational, and cultural/social. Some social identities discussed are racial, national, gender and ethnic identities. The document also covers stereotypes, prejudices and how artists like Cindy Sherman and Dorothea Lange have portrayed identity in self-portraits. Students are then assigned a project to create their own self-portrait through photography to represent their identity without necessarily featuring themselves.
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The document discusses collective identity and how media representations influence people's sense of identity and belonging to social groups. It covers several key concepts, such as representation, collective identity, hegemony, and theories about how audiences interact with media. Theories mentioned include uses and gratifications, encoding/decoding, and ideas from theorists like Giddens, Gauntlett, and Ericson on the role of media in constructing personal and collective identities.
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The document discusses theories of identity and selfhood. It argues that traditionally Western thought viewed identity as something internal and self-contained within individuals. However, more recent perspectives see identity as socially constructed through interactions with others from birth. Mead's theory of the "dialogical self" proposed that the self is formed through social interaction and internalizing the perspectives of others. Symbolic interactionism also views identity and meaning as derived from social relationships and interactions rather than existing independently within individuals.
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Representations in media do not present reality directly, but re-present events and ideas in certain ways that invite audiences to understand and agree with preferred interpretations. Whatever representations are used implicitly contain ideologies and values that give media institutions power to influence social attitudes towards groups. Stereotypes are an extreme form of representation that focus on and exaggerate certain aspects to allow audiences to instantly identify meanings, but they are usually negative oversimplifications that make assumptions, especially about minority or disadvantaged groups.
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The document discusses several theorists' concepts relating to media representations of social groups and collective identity. Giroux (1997) argues that media representations of youth serve adult interests and make youth an "empty category." Acland (1995) and Cohen (1972) discuss how media representations of deviant youth reproduce social order and create moral panics. Gramsci (1971) introduces the concept of cultural hegemony. Althusser (1970) discusses ideological state apparatuses, and McRobbie (2004) and Gerbner (1986) discuss symbolic violence and cultivation theory, respectively. The document provides exam advice on answering a question about the social implications of media representations of social groups.
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This document discusses collective gender identity as represented in various media such as magazines, television advertisements, and music videos. It examines how media helps shape and reinforce ideas of gender identity and stereotypes. Some key points made include:
- Media such as ads in magazines and television portray and help create a collective sense of gender identity.
- Different media sources reinforce gender identities and stereotypes in similar ways.
- Considering media as a whole, what identities or stereotypes does it suggest for different genders?
The document then discusses concepts like collective identity and how participating in social activities can provide individuals a sense of belonging and identity beyond their individual selves. It examines the rewards and risks of social networking and participation
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Representations in media do not present reality directly, but instead represent events and things that have already occurred. Whatever representations are used implicitly contain ideologies and values that can influence social attitudes. Certain media institutions have the power to start "moral panics" through their representations. Stereotypes are an extreme form of representation that focus on and exaggerate certain aspects to allow audiences to instantly identify meanings, but they oversimplify characters and make assumptions, often negatively representing disadvantaged groups.
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This document provides guidance on exam questions for a collective identity unit and how to answer them well. It outlines four potential exam questions focusing on how media represents different groups, comparisons between past and present representations, the social implications of representations, and the extent to which identity is mediated. For each question, it provides examples and theorists to draw from to thoroughly answer the questions.
Identity theories
The document summarizes theories on identity by Althusser, Stryker, and Marcuse. Althusser's theory of interpellation proposes that individuals absorb their identity from dominant ideologies through uncritical consumption of media texts. Stryker's identity salience hierarchy refers to identities ordered by importance, where more salient identities are more likely to be invoked. Commitment can change an identity's position. Marcuse argues that identity formation is constrained by consumerism and technology, leaving no room for inner self-development and instead creating false needs through advertising.
Effects and audiences lesson 2
The document discusses various theories about media audiences and effects. It covers topics like:
1) Audience research that produces data on audience behavior and responses to help media producers. It also discusses how audience research is used to test audience theories.
2) Different audience theories ranging from direct effects theory to theories of active audiences. It places these theories on a spectrum from more behaviorist to more active audience-centered.
3) Historical examples of "moral panics" about new media and the idea that media are often blamed for societal issues. Several specific theories and models are also summarized briefly, including cultivation theory, uses and gratifications, and the two-step flow model.
Representation and stereotyping
This document discusses key concepts in media representation theory, including:
- Representations involve how identities are constructed within media texts and in the production and reception processes.
- Representations are judged based on our own experiences and backgrounds.
- Representation is inherently selective, foregrounding some aspects and backgrounding others.
- Representations that are used frequently come to feel natural and unmediated, even though they are constructed.
- Character typing such as archetypes, stereotypes, and genre types allow audiences to quickly understand and relate to characters.
- The way certain groups are represented in media can impact social attitudes and reinforce or challenge existing representations.
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Media and collective identity answering the exam questions
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The document discusses collective identity and youth culture. It defines collective identity as an individual's sense of belonging to a group that shapes part of their personal identity. Collective identity is gained through social activities and interactions that allow individuals to feel a sense of belonging to something larger than themselves. The document then examines how youth subcultures allow young people to express opposition to dominant society and challenge its norms through styles of dress, music, and behaviors.
Collective identity youth
The document discusses collective identity and youth culture. It provides background on key theorists who studied collective identity and how it relates to youth subcultures. Some of the main points made include:
1) Henry Giroux argues that in media, "youth becomes an empty category" that reflects adult anxieties rather than youth identities.
2) Films from the 1950s like "The Wild One" portrayed fears of rebellious youth challenging social norms.
3) Studies found youth form subcultures to find acceptance and oppose dominant culture through styles of dress, music and slang.
4) Representations of youth have historically been negative but some saw youth as representing social change. The document examines
Collective identity youth
The document discusses collective identity and youth culture. It defines collective identity as an individual's sense of belonging to a group that shapes part of their personal identity. Collective identity is gained through social activities and interactions that allow individuals to feel a sense of belonging to something larger than themselves. The document then examines how youth subcultures allow young people to express opposition to dominant society and challenge its norms through styles of dress, music, and language.
Audience and representation
This is a powerpoint viewing audience and representation for my coursework and exam side for my A2 media studies, by Clara Barroso.
Section b planning answer
This document discusses theories of identity construction through media and technology. It begins by quoting David Buckingham who said that identity implies both uniqueness and shared attributes with social groups. Collective identity depends on acceptance by those it applies to and is expressed through cultural symbols. Self-identity forms the basis of self-esteem while social identity is constructed by others and may differ from one's own identity. Social identity theory holds that people have multiple identities corresponding to social groups. The document also discusses quotes about identity being fluid and constantly evolving through social interactions and influences from media.
Collective Narcissism and Facebook Pictures
This document discusses how social media sites like Facebook are used to construct and present personal and collective identities. It examines how individuals curate their profiles and photo collections to portray themselves in a particular way. Through "performative" elements like listing interests and tagging photos, people aim to shape how others perceive their tastes, affiliations, and personality. The document also analyzes how personal photos on Facebook emphasize an idealized version of oneself and one's life, focusing on positive moments and celebrations. It suggests individuals consciously perform for photos in a way that will create a favorable public impression when viewed later.
Representation theory
Representation theory examines how media represent people, places, events and concepts through images, words and sounds. It considers how representations are constructed and how they seem natural to audiences. Representations are selective and involve processes of production, distribution and reception that shape meaning. Audiences interpret representations based on their own experiences and backgrounds.
AXL3400F_Week 5_Challenge of culture_lecture 1
This document provides an overview and discussion questions for a lesson on culture and identity. It discusses how identity is formed through an interplay between self and external influences from communities that are imagined and defined by both similarities and differences. Identity can be mobilized strategically to claim power and resources or resist oppression. Diaspora populations may essentialize aspects of identity to maintain a sense of difference in new locations. The document cites theorists like Anderson, Jenkins, Thornton, Biko and Nyamnjoh to explain these concepts and provide examples like the mobilization of African or black identity in resistance to colonialism. Next week's topic will be examining culture within human rights discourses.
Theorists revision 1
This document provides information about a final exam on media and collective identity. It discusses the exam format, how it will be assessed and marked. It also provides context on key concepts related to the exam topic, including definitions of identity, collective identity, representation, and theories from scholars like David Buckingham, Erik Erikson, and Tafjel and Turner. Key aspects of youth identity construction and representation are explored through the theories of Henry Giroux, subcultures, and sense of community. Theories of hegemony, moral panic, and cultivation are also summarized.
[Mmm mfq]
Gender as contested memes in the media spectacle. Negotiating the meaning of gender in popular mediated culture
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Collective identity 2011
- 2. What is collective identity? The individuals sense of belonging to a group (part of a personal group)
- 3. What is representation? The way reality is mediated or ‘re -presented’ to us
- 4. Is there any such thing as having a ‘collective identity’?
- 5. David Snow Although there is no consensual definition of collective identity, discussions of the concept invariably suggest that its essence resides in a shared sense of ‘one-ness’ or ‘we-ness’ anchored in real or imagined shared attributes and experiences among those who comprise the collectivity and in relation or contrast to one or more actual or imagined sets of ‘others’.”
- 6. Poletta and Jasper ‘it is a perception which may be imagined rather than experienced directly… A collective identity may have been first constructed by outsiders (for example, as in the case of Asians or refugees in this country), who may still enforce it, but it depends on some acceptance by those to whom it is applied.’
- 7. Is collective identity mediated? Both of these views would make it seem as if identity is more a construction than a real reflection of identity.
- 8. Key explorations: How are young people represented in the media and are these representations accurate? Consider the dominant negative media images (‘collective identity’ imposed by adults) of binge-drinking, drug-taking, promiscuous hoodies. Young people creating their own subcultures, their own ‘collective identity’ with their own values and codes - and in turn creating some of the most influential artistic movements such as punk and hip-hop.
- 9. Who are you? Music, Art, Fashion, Clothing, Hair, Lifestyle, Language Subculture Who aren’t you? Dominant culture
- 10. Task: Create a self-representation chart Consider what images you will include, images you don’t feel comfortable sharing Images that reflect you as an individual and you as part of a collective group(s) Connotations of colours, images, language, music To present: next MPS lesson