Collective bargaining is a negotiation process between organized workers and management to establish terms of employment, addressing traditional issues like wages as well as non-traditional welfare benefits. This dynamic, two-party process promotes industrial democracy and helps resolve disputes while aiming to create stable working conditions. Additionally, labor welfare initiatives focus on improving workers' overall well-being and efficiency, minimizing the need for unionization and strikes.

2. • Collective bargaining is a process of negotiation by collective
action by a body of workers regarding their terms and conditions
of services such as wage leave, norms of employment, gratuity,
bonus and other benefits of the like nature.

3. Collective bargaining is made of 2 words
Collective : which implies group action through its representatives
Bargaining : which suggests negotiating
Thus it implies, “collective negotiation of a contract between the
management’s representatives on one side and those of the workers on the
other.”

4. • Collective bargaining is a mode of fixing the terms of employment by means
of bargaining between an organized body of employees and an employer or an
association of employers usually acting through organized agents.
R.F.HOXIE
• The resolution of industrial problems between the representatives of
employers and the freely designated representatives of employees acting
collectively with a minimum of government dictation.
COX

5. • It is a group action as opposed to individual action and is initiated through
representative of workers
• It is flexblie and mobile and not fixed and static
• It is a two-party process,
• It is continuous process
• It is dynamic not static
• It is a industrial democracy at work
• Collective bargaining is not a competitive process but is essentially a
complimentary process
• “It is an art”, an advanced form of human relations

6. • It helps in solving the industrial disputes.
• Establish uniform conditions of employment with a view to
avoid industrial disputes and maintaining stable peace in the
industry.
• Helps redress worker grievances promptly and fairly.
• Avoid interruptions in work which follow strikes, go-slow
tactics and similar coercive activities.
• Lay down fair rates of wages and norms of working conditions.
• Achieve an efficient operation of the plant and
• Promote the stability and prosperity of the industry.

7. It deals with
issues or an
issue in which
two or more
parties have
conflicting or
advisory
interests
It is a process
where both the
parties can win,
each contributing
something for
the benefits of
other party.
DISTRIBUTIVE
BARGAINING
INTEGRATIVE
BARAINING

8. • Collective bargaining not only focuses on “traditional issues”
like wages, D.A
• Non traditional issues like additional and better welfare
facilities, fringe benefits.

9. • Unfair or corrupt labour practices.
• Non availability of factual data.
• Failure on the part of management to recognize the trade
union.
• Politicization of issues.
• Multiplicity of trade unions.
• Unequal strength of parties participating in the collective
bargaining process.
• Lack of objectivity in addressing and handling a grievance.

10. • Labour welfare is flexible and elastic and differs widely with
time, region, industry, social values and customs, degree of
industrialization, the general socio-economic development of
the people and the political ideologies prevailing at a
particular time.
• It is also moulded according to the age group, sex, socio-
cultural background, marital and economic status and
educational level of the workers in various industries

11. • It is the work which is usually undertaken within the
premises or in the vicinity of the undertakings for the
benefits of the employees and the members of their
families.
• The purpose of providing welfare amenities is to bring
about the development of the whole personality of the
worker- his social, psychological, economic, moral, cultural
and intellectual development to make him a good worker a
good citizen and a good member of the family.

12. • The need for the labour welfare arises from the nature of the
industrial system
1. The condition under which work is carried on are not
congenial for health.
2. When a labour joins an industry.

13. • The labour welfare work aims at providing such service
facilities and amenities as would enable the workers employed
in industries/factories to perform their work in healthy,
congenial surroundings conducive to good health and high
morale.
• It improves the efficiency of the worker, increases its
availability where it is sacrce and keeps him contented.
• It minimizes the desire of the workers to form or join unions
and to resort to strikes.

14. • Conditions of work environment
• Workers’ health services
• Labour welfare programme
• Labour’s economic welfare programme
• General welfare work

15. • To establish contacts and hold consultation with a view to
maintating harmonious relations between the factory
management and workers.
• To maintain an impartial attitude during legal strikes or
lockouts and to help about peaceful settlement
• To encourage the formation of works and joint production
committees, cooperative societies, safety first and welfare
committees and to supervise their work

16. • Dynamins of industrial relations- BY MAMORIA GANKAR
HIMALAYA PUBLISHING HOUSE