Determination of antibacterial activity of various broad spectrum antibiotics...
Colangelo_introduction
1. Foreste urbane: il respiro delle città
The results of three-years monitoring of EMoNFUr Project in Italy and Slovenia (soils and forests)
2. 14.20 Introduction on forest and soil monitoring activities
14.30 Preliminary results of forest monitoring
15.00 Preliminary results of soil monitoring
15.30 Synergies
15.50 European monitoring protocol
16.20 Roundtable discussion
Timetable
3. Italian and Slovenian monitoring protocols were homogenized
Survey procedure
Dendrometric parameters
Analysis methodologies
Differences are related to:
plot size
mandatory parameters
Monitoring protocol – forest inventory
4. Monitoring protocol – forest inventory
Mandatory Optional
1 number of plots and sample size 1 tree growth parameters and corers
2 dendrometric parameters 2 users preferences
3 sequestration of carbon dioxide 3 encoding of plants
4 deadwood 4 weather conditions
5 epiphytic lichens
6. Monitoring protocol – forest inventory
Dendrometric characteristics number of trees
growing stock
basal area
Dead wood number
volume
Sequestration of carbon dioxide live trees
understory vegetation
standing dead trees
down dead wood
Biodiversity Specific indexes, species richness
7. What: soil profile description (mandatory)
How:
definition of soil diagnostic horizons, properties and materials
definition of the thickness of topsoil and subsoil
soil classification (WRB)
When: only at the beginning of the monitoring process
Monitoring protocol – soil inventory
8. Monitoring protocol – soil inventory
Delimitation of the study plot
(40 x 40 m = 1600 m2, divided in 16 squares)
Systematic-random sampling
1 soil profile
15 observations with soil auger
9. Monitoring protocol – soil inventory
Excavation, description and sampling by genetic horizons of the soil profile;
identification of topsoil and subsoil
10. What: laboratory determinations for soil profile horizons
(mandatory)
How: soil horizons characterization (pH, SOC, total N,
total carbonates, CEC, exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na and K,
base saturation, available P, particle-size distribution)
When: only at the beginning of the monitoring process
Monitoring protocol – soil inventory
11. What: topsoil and subsoil sampling (mandatory)
How: sampling with soil auger and obtaining composite
samples (not less than 10 subsamples in a plot – 1600
m2) from topsoil and subsoil (as defined accordingly to
the profile description)
When: at the beginning of the monitoring process and
every 10 years
Monitoring protocol – soil inventory
12. Monitoring protocol – soil inventory
15 observations with a
soil auger, sampled by
layers: topsoil and subsoil
2 composite soil samples
13. What: basic laboratory determinations for topsoil and
subsoil (mandatory)
How: determination of pH and SOC on topsoil and
subsoil composite samples (2 samples)
When: at the beginning of the monitoring process and
every 10 years
Monitoring protocol – soil inventory
14. What: sampling and determination of the litter
(recommended)
How: sampling litter in 16 points/plot with a frame,
obtaining composite samples; drying and weighing
When: at the beginning of the monitoring process and
every 10 years
Monitoring protocol – soil inventory
15. Monitoring protocol – soil inventory
16 sampling points of the organic layer
(litter), in case divided into OL, OF and
OH horizons
16. What: topsoil and subsoil contamination control
(recommended)
How: determination of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb,
Hg, Cr, etc.) on composite samples (not less than 10
subsamples/plot) from topsoil and subsoil (as defined
accordingly to the profile description)
When: at the beginning of the monitoring process and
every 10 years
Monitoring protocol – soil inventory
17. What: special determinations for topsoil and subsoil (optional)
How:
determination of the organic contaminants (oil hydrocarbons, POPs, etc.)
on composite samples (not less than 10 subsamples/plot) from topsoil
and subsoil (as defined accordingly to the profile description
determination of bulk density at the soil surface (0-10 cm)
determination of soil water properties (available water capacity,
permanent wilting point, etc.) of industurbed samples from topsoil and
subsoil
When: at the beginning of the monitoring process and every 10
years
Monitoring protocol – soil inventory