Coffee is a brewed drink made from roasted coffee beans, which come from the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant native to Africa. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, and the most common varieties are arabica and robusta. Once picked, coffee beans are processed, dried, roasted, ground, and brewed to produce coffee. The earliest evidence of coffee drinking was in 15th century Yemen, and it later spread throughout the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Today, Brazil is the largest coffee producer though Vietnam and Indonesia are also major producers. Coffee is often consumed alongside meals or as part of social gatherings like coffee breaks.

1. COFFE
UNIVERSITATEA DE STIINTE AGRONOMICE
SI MEDICINA VETERINARA-BUCURESTI
PROFESOR COORDONATOR:MIHAI FRUMUSELU
ELEV: STOICA IONUT, PRICOPIE VICTOR, ROMAN LAURENTIU
GRUPA:8202

2. DESCRIPTION
• Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee
beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea
plant. The Coffea plant is native to subtropical Africa and
some islands in southern Asia. The plant was exported from
Africa to countries around the world and coffee plants are
now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the
equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India,
and Africa. The two most commonly grown are the highly
regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger
and more hardy robusta. Once ripe, coffee beans are
picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee beans are
roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired
flavor. Roasted beans are ground and brewed to produce
coffee as a beverage.

3. HISTORY
• The earliest credible evidence of coffee-drinking or knowledge of
the coffee tree appears in the middle of the 15th century in the
accounts of Ahmed al-Ghaffar in Yemen.It was in Arabia that
coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed, in a similar way to
how it is now prepared. Coffee was used by Sufi circles to stay
awake for their religious rituals. Accounts differ on the origin of
coffee (seeds) prior to its appearance in Yemen. One account
credits Muhammad ben Said for bringing the beverage to Aden
from the African coast. Other early accounts say Ali ben Omar of
the Shadhili Sufi order was the first to introduce coffee to Arabia.
According to al Shardi, Ali ben Omar may have encountered coffee
during his stay with the Adal king Sadadin's companions in 1401.
Famous 16th century Islamic scholar Ibn Hajar al-Haytami notes in
his writings of a beverage called qahwa developed from a tree in
the Zeila region.

4. MORE HITORY
• By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East,
Persia, Turkey, and northern Africa. The first coffee smuggled out
of the Middle East was by Sufi Baba Budan from Yemen to India in
1670. Before then, all exported coffee was boiled or otherwise
sterilised. Portraits of Baba Budan depict him as having smuggled
seven coffee seeds by strapping them to his chest. The first plants
grown from these smuggled seeds were planted in Mysore. Coffee
then spread to Italy, and to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia, and
to the Americas.
• A coffee can from the first half of the 20th century. From the
Museo del Objeto del Objeto collection.

5. PRODUCTION
• Coffee ingestion on average is about a third of that of tap
water in North America and Europe. Worldwide, 6.7
million metric tons of coffee were produced annually in
1998–2000, and the forecast is a rise to seven million
metric tons annually by 2010.
• Brazil remains the largest coffee exporting nation,
however Vietnam tripled its exports between 1995 and
1999 and became a major producer of robusta seeds.
Indonesia is the third-largest coffee exporter overall and
the largest producer of washed arabica coffee. Organic
Honduran coffee is a rapidly growing emerging
commodity owing to the Honduran climate and rich soil.

6. SOCIAL
• Coffee is often consumed alongside (or instead of)
breakfast by many at home or when eating out at diners
or cafeterias. It is often served at the end of a formal
meal, normally with a dessert, and at times with an after-
dinner mint, especially when consumed at a restaurant or
dinner party. A coffee break is a routine social gathering
for a snack, the consumption of a hot beverage such as
coffee or tea and short downtime practiced by employees
in business and industry, corresponding with the
Commonwealth terms "elevenses", "Smoko" (in
Australia), "morning tea", "tea break", or even just "tea".
An afternoon coffee break, or afternoon tea, sometimes
occurs as well.