Coffee is a brewed beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from Coffea plants. The Coffea genus is native to Africa and Madagascar, with C. arabica and C. robusta being the most common commercial crops. Ripe coffee berries are picked, dried, and the beans are roasted and brewed to produce the caffeinated beverage. Coffee cultivation occurs primarily in tropical regions and is a major global export, though environmental and social impacts have prompted fair trade alternatives.
Coffee is a beverage brewed from the seed (bean) of the Coffea plant. More than half of all Americans over the age of 18 drink coffee every day. Americans average 3 cups a day and spend about $40 billion a year on their coffee.
In Ethiopia, they tell the story of Kaldi the goat herder who saw his goats become energized by eating berries from a tree. The legend has it that Kaldi tried the same berries and experienced the same effect.
https://youtu.be/_GKsnxREr84
Coffee is a beverage brewed from the seed (bean) of the Coffea plant. More than half of all Americans over the age of 18 drink coffee every day. Americans average 3 cups a day and spend about $40 billion a year on their coffee.
In Ethiopia, they tell the story of Kaldi the goat herder who saw his goats become energized by eating berries from a tree. The legend has it that Kaldi tried the same berries and experienced the same effect.
https://youtu.be/_GKsnxREr84
Why coffee is an Italian matter?
History of Coffee
information about coffee plantation
full information about brewing coffee
types of brewing
differences Between Robusta & Arabica Coffee
More information please visit www.bevexperts.com
The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus Rubus of the rose family.
The name may have been influenced by its appearance as having a rough surface related to Old English rasp or "rough berry".
There are many types of raspberries — including black, purple and golden — but the red raspberry, or Rubus idaeus, is the most common.
Red raspberries are unique berries with a rich history and nutrient and bioactive composition.
The seeds were identified in Britain at Roman forts. It was Romans who spread the cultivation of Raspberry throughout the Europe.
During Medieval Europe, the wild berries are used for the medicinal and practical purposes. The juice was used in the illuminated manuscripts and paintings.
Although they are most commonly known as food products, they are also a popular anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial remedy used in traditional medicine in eastern parts of Europe.
Although the most common herbal drug in folk medicine is the fruit, the shoots of R. idaeus have also been used to treat common cold, fever and flu-like infections
Why coffee is an Italian matter?
History of Coffee
information about coffee plantation
full information about brewing coffee
types of brewing
differences Between Robusta & Arabica Coffee
More information please visit www.bevexperts.com
The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus Rubus of the rose family.
The name may have been influenced by its appearance as having a rough surface related to Old English rasp or "rough berry".
There are many types of raspberries — including black, purple and golden — but the red raspberry, or Rubus idaeus, is the most common.
Red raspberries are unique berries with a rich history and nutrient and bioactive composition.
The seeds were identified in Britain at Roman forts. It was Romans who spread the cultivation of Raspberry throughout the Europe.
During Medieval Europe, the wild berries are used for the medicinal and practical purposes. The juice was used in the illuminated manuscripts and paintings.
Although they are most commonly known as food products, they are also a popular anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial remedy used in traditional medicine in eastern parts of Europe.
Although the most common herbal drug in folk medicine is the fruit, the shoots of R. idaeus have also been used to treat common cold, fever and flu-like infections
this deck continues my tradition of training step-by-step guides that give you the exact information I’ve used to run my introduction to coffee class. That includes references like :
Coffee Origins . Biology of coffee plant . Coffee’s Growing Region . Coffee's Journey . Current Coffee Industry . Coffee origin . How coffee is traded . Species . Varieties . cultivar . Harvesting . Processing . Processing Flavor Description . Quality Control . Roast Process . effect on taste . Roasting graph . Different roast style . storage . Coffee freshness . Humans Senses . Taste . SCA Flavor Wheel . Effect of geographical position on coffee flavor . Cupping . How to do coffee cupping . Brew methods . Brewing parameters . Filter material . Coffee extraction definition . Water Quality . What is Specialty Coffee / Organizations in Specialty Coffee / waves /.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from
roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries
from certain Coffea species.
The genus Coffea is native to tropical Africa
(specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and
Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros,
Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.
3. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries,
primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast
Asia, Indian subcontinent, and Africa.
The two most commonly grown are C. arabica and C. robusta.
Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried.
Dried coffee seeds (referred to as "beans") are roasted to
varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor.
Roasted beans are ground and then brewed with near-
boiling water to produce the beverage known as coffee.
4. Coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans,
primarily due to its caffeine content.
It is one of the most popular drinks in the world, and it can be prepared and presented
in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, café latte).
It is usually served hot, although iced coffee is a popular alternative.
Clinical studies indicate that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly
beneficial in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term
consumption lowers the risk of some diseases, although those long-term studies are
of generally poor quality.
5. As of 2016, Brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing one-third of the
world total.
Coffee is a major export commodity, being the top legal agricultural export for
numerous countries not in citation given It is one of the most valuable commodities
exported by developing countries.
Green, unroasted coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the
world.
Some controversy has been associated with coffee cultivation and the way developed
countries trade with developing nations, as well as the impact on the environment
with regards to the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use.
Consequently, the markets for fair trade and organic coffee are expanding, notably in
the USA.
6. Legendary accounts
According to legend, ancestors of today's
Oromo people in a region of Kaffa in Ethiopia
were believed to have been the first to
recognize the energizing effect of the coffee
plant.
However, there is no direct evidence that has
been found earlier than the 15th century
indicating where in Africa coffee first grew or
who among the native populations might have
used it as a stimulant.
The story of Kaldi, the 9th-century Ethiopian
goatherd who discovered coffee when he
noticed how excited his goats became after
eating the beans from a coffee plant, did not
appear in writing until 1671 and is probably
apocryphal.
7. Biology
Coffea arabica is predominantly self-pollinating,
and as a result, the seedlings are generally uniform
and vary little from their parents.
In contrast, Coffea canephora, and C. liberica are
self-incompatible and require outcrossing.
This means that useful forms and hybrids must be
propagated vegetatively.
Cuttings, grafting, and budding are the usual
methods of vegetative propagation.
On the other hand, there is great scope for
experimentation in search of potential new strains.
8. Cultivation
The traditional method of planting coffee is to place 20 seeds in each hole at the
beginning of the rainy season.
This method loses about 50% of the seeds' potential, as about half fail to sprout.
A more effective process of growing coffee, used in Brazil, is to raise seedlings in
nurseries that are then planted outside at six to twelve months.
Coffee is often intercropped with food crops, such as corn, beans, or rice during
the first few years of cultivation as farmers become familiar with its
requirements.
Coffee plants grow within a defined area between the tropics of Cancer and
Capricorn, termed the bean belt or coffee belt.
9. Ecological effects
A cluster of bushes with drooping
leaves and long chains of flowers
sits in a clearing, surrounded by
forest.
A flowering Coffea arabica tree in a
Brazilian plantation.
Originally, coffee farming was done
in the shade of trees that provided a
habitat for many animals and
insects.[68] Remnant forest trees
were used for this purpose, but many
species have been planted as well.
These include leguminous trees of
the genera Acacia, Albizia, Cassia,
Erythrina, Gliricidia, Inga, and
Leucaena, as well as the nitrogen-
fixing non-legume sheoaks of the
genus Casuarina, and the silky oak
Grevillea robusta.