- The document discusses the Code of Kalantiaw, an alleged 18th century legal code from the island of Negros in the Philippines. - It was first mentioned in 1913 in a historical fiction work by Jose E. Marco, who claimed it was written by Datu Kalantiaw, a chief on Negros island, in 1433. - However, historians now believe the Code of Kalantiaw is fictional and was not an actual legal code. It is considered the first known work of Philippine literature.

4.  According to the famous epic story of maragtas there was
this mythical legal code, called “ The code of kalantiaw”
 It was named after its
supposed author “Datu
Kalantiaw” who allegedly
wrote it in 1433. Datu
Kalantiaw was a chief on
the island of negros. (The
Ancient Legends of the
island of Negros)
 It was written by Jose E. Marco in 1913 in his historical
fiction the ancient legends of the island of negros.
(Source: Chan Robles Virtual Law Library)

5.  According to him “Kalantiaw” name first appeared
in july 1913 in an article entitled Civilizacion
Prehispana, published in “EL RENACIMIENTO”
philippine.
 This code of kalantiaw has 18 articles , so what are these articles

6. You shall not kill, neither shall you steal, neither shall
you do harm to the aged, lest you incur the danger of
death. All those who infringe this order shall be
condemned to death by being drowned in the river,
or in boiling water.
Let all your debts with the headman be met punctually.
He who does not obey shall receive for the first time one hundred lashes.
If the debt is large, he shall be condemned to thrust his hand
in boiling water thrice. For the second time, he shall be beaten to death.

7. Obey you: let no one have women that are very young nor
more than he can support; nor be given to excessive lust.
He who does not comply with, obey, and observe this order
shall be condemned to swim for three hours for the first
time and for the second time, to be beaten to
death with sharp thorns.
Observe and obey; let no one disturb the quiet of the graves.
When passing by the caves and trees where they are, give respect to them.
He who does not observe this shall be killed by ants,
or beaten to death with thorns.

8. You shall obey; he who exchanges for food, let it be always
done in accordance with his word. He who does not comply,
shall be beaten for one hour, he who repeats the offense shall
be exposed for one day among ants.
You shall be obliged to revere sights that are held in respect, such as those
of trees of recognized worth and other sights. He who fails to comply
shall pay with one month's work in gold or in honey.

9. These shall be put to death; he who kills trees of venerable
appearance; who shoot arrows at night at old men and
women; he who enters the houses of the headmen without
permission; he who kills a shark or a streaked cayman.
Slavery for a doam (a certain period of time) shall be suffered by those
who steal away the women of the headmen; by him who keep ill-tempered dogs
that bite the headmen; by him who burns the fields of another.

10. All these shall be beaten for two days: who sing while traveling
by night; kill the Manaul; tear the documents belonging to
the headmen; are malicious liars; or who mock the dead.
It is decreed an obligation; that every mother teach secretly to her daughters
matters pertaining to lust and prepare them for womanhood; let not men be
cruel nor punish their women when they catch them in the act of adultery.
Whoever shall disobey shall be killed by being cut to pieces and thrown
to the caymans.

11. These shall be burned: who by their strength or cunning
have mocked at and escaped punishment or who have killed
young boys; or try to steal away the women of the elders.
These shall be drowned: all who interfere with their superiors, or their owners
or masters; all those who abuse themselves through their lust; those who
destroy their anitos (idols) by breaking them or throwing them down.

12. All these shall be exposed to ants for half a day: who kill
black cats during a new moon; or steal anything from the
chiefs or agorangs, however small the object may be.
These shall be made slave for life: who have beautiful daughters and deny them
to the sons of chiefs, and with bad faith hide them away.

13. Concerning beliefs and superstitions; these shall be beaten:
who eat the diseased flesh of beasts which they hold in
respect, or the herb which they consider good, who wound
or kill the young of the Manaul, or the white monkey.
The fingers shall be cut-off: of all those who break idols of wood and clay in
their alangans and temples; of those who destroy the daggers of the tagalons,
or break the drinking jars of the latter.

14. These shall be killed: who profane sites where idols are kept,
and sites where are buried the sacred things of their diwatas
and headmen. He who performs his necessities in those
places shall be burned.
Those who do not cause these rules to be obeyed: if they are headmen,
they shall be put to death by being stoned and crushed; and if they are
agorangs they shall be placed in rivers to be eaten by sharks and caymans.

16. In 1914, Jose Marco donated five manuscripts.
Source: Chan Robles Virtual Law Library

17. PRIMARY & SECONDARY
SOURCES

18. Dr. William Henry Scott
American Historian
“Pre-hispanic Source Materials for the
study of philippine History” (1968)
Source: Chan Robles Virtual Law Library

19. Jose E. Marco
Country’s Greatest Con Mon

21. Where did the first catholic mass take
place in the philippines?
• In this case study we will not focus on the significance of the site of the first catholic mass in the phillipines, but rather, use it
as a historiographical exercise in the utilization of evidence and interpretation in reading historical events.
• There are two primary sources that historians refer to in identifying the site of the first mass One is the log kept by Francisco
Albo, a pilot of one of Magellan's ship Trinidad. The other one is Antonio Pigafetta who has more complete Pigafetta was
also a member of Magellan expedition and an eye witness of the events, particularly of the first mass.
• In Albo's account it must be noted that the location of Mazava fits the location of the island of Limasawa, at the southern tip
of Leyte, 954'NAlbo does not mention the first mass but only the planting of the cross upon a mountain-top from which
could be seen three islands to the west and southwest, which also fits the southern end of Limasawa.
First mass
• On March 31, 1521, an Easter Sunday Magellan ordered a mass to be celebrated which was officiated by Father Pedro
Valderrama, the Andalusion chaplain of the fleet, the only priest then Conducted near the shores of the island, the Holy First
Mass marked the birth of Roman Catholicism in the Philippines Colambu and Siaiu were the first natives of the archipelago,
which was not yet named "Philippines" until the expedition of Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in 1543, to attend the mass among
other native inhabitants
Planting of the cross
• In the afternoon of the same day, Magellan instructed his comrades to plant a large wooden cross on the top of the hill
overlooking the sea Magellan's chronicler Antonio Pigafetta, who recorded the event said:
• After the cross was erected in position, each of us repeated a Pater Noster and an Ave Maria, and adored the cross; and the
kings Colambu and Siaiudid the same.
• "Magellan then took ownership of the islands where he had landed in the name of King Charles V which he had named
earlier on March 16 Archipelago of Saint Lazarus because it was the day of the saint when the Armada reached the
archipelago
Proclamation of the national shrine
• On June 19, 1960, Republic Act No. 2733, called the Limasawa Law, was enacted without Executive approval on June 19,
1960. The legislative fiat declared The site in Magallanes Limasawa Island in the Province of Leyte.

22. What happened in the cavity munity?
• (1872) It is a historic year of two events: the Cavite Mutiny and the martyrdom of three priests:
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA).
SPANISH ACCOUNTS OF THE CAVITE MUNITY
• The documentation of Spanish historian Jose Montero y Vidal centered on how the event was event
was an attempt in overthrowing the Spanish government in the Philippines. Although regarded as a
historian, his account of the mutiny was criticized as woefully biased and rabid for a scholar.
Another account from the official report written by the Governor General Rafael Izquierdo
implicated the native clergy, who were then. Active in the movement toward secularization of
parishes. These two accounts corroborated each other.
PRIMARY SOURCE: EXCERPT FROM MONTERO'S ACCOUNT OF THE CAVITE MUTINY
• Source: Jose Montero y Vidal, "Spanish Version of the Cavite Mutiny of 1872" in Gregorio Zaide and
Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of Philippine History, Volume 7 (Manila: National Book Store,
1990), 269-273.
• The abolition of privileges enjoyed by the laborers of the Cavite arsenal of exemption from the
tribute was, according to some, the cause of the insurrection. There were, however, other causes.
• The Spanish revolution which overthrew a secular throne; the propaganda carried on by an
unbridled press against monarchical principles, attestator sic] of the most sacred respects towards
the dethroned majesty the democratic and republican books and pamphlets; the speeches and
preaching of the apostles of these new ideas in Spain; the outbursts of the American publicists and
the criminal policy of the senseless Governor whom the Revolutionary government sent to govern
the Philippines, and who put into practice these ideas were the determining

23. Did Rizal Retract?
• The issue was claimed to be true by the Roman Catholic defenders but asserted to be deceptive by anti-retractonists. They
claim that the retraction document is a forgery, but handwriting experts concluded a long time ago that it is genuine. Rafael
Palma's opus on Rizal, titled Biografia de Rizal is so anti-Catholic that the Church successfully opposed its publication using
government funds. In an article authored by Romberto Poulo, Rizal's affiliation in Masonry was accounted to have caused
drastic change to his religious ideas. It was in the moment Rizal set foot on European soil when he was exposed to a great
deal of distinctions between what was happening to his country, the discriminations, abuses partialities, injustices, and
some other things made to cause sufferings to his countrymen, and what was the actual scene of the European nations. He
observed that Europe was a lot more different compared to the Philippines in terms of way of life, attitudes towards Roman
Catholicism, and most importantly, the freedom all the citizens enjoy.
• One of the most intriguing of all was the issues of Jose Rizal was his alleged retraction which was all about his reversion to
the Catholic Faith and all other issues linked to it such as his marriage to Josephine Bracken
• For decades, the authenticity of Jose Rizal's retraction documents have raised issues skepticism, and heated debates among
those who seek to know the truth regarding this controversy However, the lack of evidence and different statements by
significant people involved have only contributed to the complications and uncertainty which envelope this fieryargument.
• retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings, publications and conduct have been contrary to my character as a
son of the Catholic Church this was the statement in the document which made the historians believed that Rizal had
retracted. However, there have been claims that the document, as compared to the original file which was discovered by Fr.
Manuel Garcia, an archdiocesan archivist in 1935, was a forgery. Regardless of these claims there are several people who
believe that the retraction documents are authentic. These people include eleven eyewitnesses who were present when
Rizal wrote his retraction signed a Catholic prayer book, recited Catholic prayers, and the multitude who saw him kiss the
crucifix before his execution. Fr. Marciano Guzman, a great grandnephew of Rizal, cites that Rizal's 4 confessions were
certified by 5 eyewitnesses, 10 qualified witnesses, 7

24. Where did the cry Rebellion happen?
• Typically, the phrase "cry" referred to the initial confrontation between the Katipuneros and the civil guards, the destruction of their
community tax certificates, and their patriotic cries to show their disloyalty to Spain. Under the direction of AndresBonifacio, Filipino
revolutionaries carried out those acts as a show of resistance because they were tired of being oppressed by foreign rule andhungry for
freedom and independence. On the other hand, there were two distinct locations and times that were disputed as to when and where
the cry of rebellion took place.
• Various accounts by participants and historians give differing dates and places for the Cry. An officer of the Spanishguardia civil, Lt.
Olegario Diaz, stated that the Cry took place in Balintawak on August 25, 1896. Teodoro Kalaw in his 1925 book “The Filipino
Revolution”, wrote that the event took place during the last week of August 1896 atKangkong, Balintawak. Santiago Alvarez, the son of
Mariano Alvarez, the leader of the Magdiwang faction in Cavite, stated in 1927 that the Cry took place in Bahay Toro, now in Quezon
City on August 24, 1896. Pío Valenzuela, a close associate of Andrés Bonifacio declared in 1948 that it happened in Pugad Lawin
on August 23, 1896. Gregorio Zaide stated in his books in 1954 that the "Cry" happened in Balintawak on August 26, 1896. Fellow
historian Teodoro Agoncillo wrote in 1956 that it took place in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896, based on Pío Valenzuela's
statement. Accounts by Milagros Guerrero, EmmanuelEncarnacion and Ramon Villegas claim the event to have taken place in
Tandang Sora's barn in Gulod, Barangay Banlat, Quezon City. Some of the apparent confusion is in part due to the double meanings
of the terms "Balintawak" and "Kalookan" at the turn of the century. Balintawak referred both to a specific place in modern Caloocan
and a wider area which included parts of modern Quezon City. Similarly,Kalookan referred to modern Caloocan and also a wider area
which included modern Quezon City and part of modern Pasig.Pugad Lawin, Pasong Tamo, Kangkong and other specific places were all
in "greater Balintawak", which was in turn part of "greater Caloocan".
• The Cry of Balintawak quickly became The Cry of Pugad Lawin after that. However, there is no debate regarding Bonifacio and the
Katipuneros' bravery and the significance of their deed. To show their opposition against Spanish control, they tore their cedulas. When
we think back on this deed today, we are struck by the bravery of the Filipinos who engaged a foreign adversary with better weapons.
With raids at Mandaluyong, Pandacan, and Pasig, the Katipuneros would match this significant deed, leading the Spaniards to declare
war throughout the eight provinces of Manila, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, and Pampanga. Despite
disagreements regarding the dates and circumstances surrounding this historic event, the "Cry" of Filipino revolutionaries can still be
heard today.