The document provides information about the organization of the 2nd International Conference on Adaptive and Intelligent Agroindustry (ICAIA) including the conference committee members, agenda, and welcoming address. Key details include that the conference is being coordinated by Yandra Arkeman and Nastiti Siswi Indrasti from IPB and will include international experts from various universities. The agenda outlines the schedule over two days including keynote speeches, parallel sessions for paper presentations, and discussions on topics related to adaptive and intelligent agroindustry.
The Role of Educational Awareness of Biotechnology Products and Services in S...IJEAB
Both literature and experience suggest that there has been little or no attention paid to biotechnology in Nigerian education. There is no organized curriculum on biotechnology among the subjects taught in secondary schools in Enugu education zone. This study examined whether students in secondary schools in Enugu east local government area are aware of biotechnology products and services, the role of educational awareness of biotechnology, and the strategies to be employed to ensure awareness of this important area. Data were collected using a 25-item questionnaire, administered to 300 SSI and SS2 science students and 50 science teachers in the area. Results were analyzed using mean and standard deviations and significance determined by means of t-test of difference in mean. The results showed that senior secondary science students are highly unaware of biotechnology products and service. The proposed strategies for increasing awareness rated highly. The researchers recommended that the senior secondary science curriculum be modified to include units on biotechnology.
Nano-approach towards Sustainable Agriculture and Precision FarmingIJAEMSJORNAL
Nanotechnology is a most fascinating area of research now a days. The unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, that is, catalytic reactivity, high surface area, size and shape, have the potential to open new paradigms and to introduce new strategies in agriculture. Specific agronomic applications of nanotechnology include enabled delivery systems of release of agrochemicals allowing a controlled release of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, field-sensing systems to monitor the environmental stresses and crop conditions and improvement of plant traits against environmental stress and diseases. In the present review, a brief introduction about the recent nano-innovations in agriculture is introduced. This will paves the way to further investigations in this regard.
The Role of Educational Awareness of Biotechnology Products and Services in S...IJEAB
Both literature and experience suggest that there has been little or no attention paid to biotechnology in Nigerian education. There is no organized curriculum on biotechnology among the subjects taught in secondary schools in Enugu education zone. This study examined whether students in secondary schools in Enugu east local government area are aware of biotechnology products and services, the role of educational awareness of biotechnology, and the strategies to be employed to ensure awareness of this important area. Data were collected using a 25-item questionnaire, administered to 300 SSI and SS2 science students and 50 science teachers in the area. Results were analyzed using mean and standard deviations and significance determined by means of t-test of difference in mean. The results showed that senior secondary science students are highly unaware of biotechnology products and service. The proposed strategies for increasing awareness rated highly. The researchers recommended that the senior secondary science curriculum be modified to include units on biotechnology.
Nano-approach towards Sustainable Agriculture and Precision FarmingIJAEMSJORNAL
Nanotechnology is a most fascinating area of research now a days. The unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, that is, catalytic reactivity, high surface area, size and shape, have the potential to open new paradigms and to introduce new strategies in agriculture. Specific agronomic applications of nanotechnology include enabled delivery systems of release of agrochemicals allowing a controlled release of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, field-sensing systems to monitor the environmental stresses and crop conditions and improvement of plant traits against environmental stress and diseases. In the present review, a brief introduction about the recent nano-innovations in agriculture is introduced. This will paves the way to further investigations in this regard.
STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH SUGARCANE BAGASSE AS...IAEME Publication
Objective: The primary objectives of this study are Partial replacement of bagasse ash with cement. Calculation for 7 & 28 days strength. Methods: Concrete with the cement emits CO2 which impacts on environment. Bagasse is the by-product of sugar industries and it is introducing into concrete to find the parameters of strength and waste utilisation. Findings: Environmental impact due to Bagasse increases as dumping and land filling results to molasses and other damaging factors to overcome these problems Bagasse ash introduced into the concrete and the experimental is carried out with replacement of Bagasse ash of (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20%) is carried out for high strength concrete. Applications: Accordingly the codal provisions followed are IS: 10262, IS 456-2000 respectively this is the new work for the innovation for future which has to be carried out by upcoming generations.
Different services offered by management consultancy firmsnajibsayegh1
Gulf Resources is one of the leading Management Consultancy Firms in Dubai and specialize in helping business from different industries in establishing a successful venture anywhere in the UAE.
Pharma Equipment wide range of equipment for most procedures in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Equipment for prepar-ing product for granulation, tablet coating, capsule filling, Homogenizing equipment, tank equipment, automatic lines for filling bottles,sterilizing equipment. Equipment for packing ready products.
DATA Count PH-JR, pellets counter, quickly and accurately counts pharmaceutical pellets and mini tablets as small as 0.2mm providing for the first time a much needed tool to drug developers and manufacturers that produces capsules containing pellets.
Capable of counting small pellets, pharmaceutical developers and manufacturers can now better control pellet production processes through both counting and weighing, thus measuring pellets homogeneity in terms of active and non-active material content.
Effect of sugarcane bagasse ash on strength properties of concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract The present study focuses on the utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as replacement material for cement in concrete production. Sugarcane Bagasse ash contains high amorphous silica content and aluminium ion. For experimental investigations, Sugarcane bagasse ash and its chemical properties are obtained from KCP sugar factory, Andhra Pradesh. Ordinary Portland cement was partly replaced by sugarcane bagasse ash in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% by weight and the influence of Sugarcane bagasse ash as a partial replacement material has been examined on fresh concrete tests by Compaction factor test and Slump cone test as well as on hardened concrete with tests for Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength and Modulus of Elasticity. The results indicate that inclusion of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in concrete up to 20% level significantly enhanced the strength of concrete. The highest strength was obtained at 10% Sugarcane bagasse ash replacement level. Keywords: Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, By-Product, Amorphous Silica and Strength
The word “Pellet” has been used to describe a variety of systematically produced, geometrically defined agglomerates obtained from diverse starting materials utilizing different processing conditions. Pellets range in size, typically, between 0.5 – 1.5 mm, though other sizes could be prepared. Pellets are for pharmaceutical purposes and are produced primarily for the purpose of oral controlled-release dosage forms having gastro resistant or sustained-release properties or the capability of site-specific drug delivery.
See more
https://goo.gl/xnKD6W
http://goo.gl/sVrGhQ
https://goo.gl/dqMcpE
Contact us
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
How to Start Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Processing Industry in India, most Profitable Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Processing Business Ideas, Small Scale Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules manufacturing Projects, How to Start a Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production Business, Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production Based Small Scale Industries Projects, New small scale ideas in Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production industry, Detailed Project Report on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production industry, Pre Feasibility report on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules manufacturing industry, Technical Material Market Report on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production business, Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production Market - Industry Trends, Prices, Manufacturing, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production industry, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules manufacturing industry, Feasibility report on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules manufacturing industry, Free Project Profile on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules manufacturing business, Industrial Project Report, Project consultant, Project consultancy, NPCS, Niir, Process technology books, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Project identification and selection, Preparation of Project Profiles, Startup Project for Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules processing business, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Start-up Business Plan for Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules processing business, Start Up India, Stand Up India, Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Making Small Business Manufacturing, small scale Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules making machine and Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules production line, Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules making machine factory, modern small and cottage scale industries, How to Start a Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules processing industry?
STUDY OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF WHITE CRYSTAL SUGARAshish Panchal
THIS STUDY IS CARRIED OUT AT MAHATMA GANDHI SAHAKARI SAKKARE KARKHANE BHALKI, BIDAR DISTRICT. THIS INTERNSHIP IS BASED ON MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF WHITE CRYSTAL SUGAR IN MGSSK LTD BHALKI.
Bagasse ash as a partial replacement to cement. This replacement can improve the properties of cement as well as, it reduces the effects over the environment.
STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH SUGARCANE BAGASSE AS...IAEME Publication
Objective: The primary objectives of this study are Partial replacement of bagasse ash with cement. Calculation for 7 & 28 days strength. Methods: Concrete with the cement emits CO2 which impacts on environment. Bagasse is the by-product of sugar industries and it is introducing into concrete to find the parameters of strength and waste utilisation. Findings: Environmental impact due to Bagasse increases as dumping and land filling results to molasses and other damaging factors to overcome these problems Bagasse ash introduced into the concrete and the experimental is carried out with replacement of Bagasse ash of (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20%) is carried out for high strength concrete. Applications: Accordingly the codal provisions followed are IS: 10262, IS 456-2000 respectively this is the new work for the innovation for future which has to be carried out by upcoming generations.
Different services offered by management consultancy firmsnajibsayegh1
Gulf Resources is one of the leading Management Consultancy Firms in Dubai and specialize in helping business from different industries in establishing a successful venture anywhere in the UAE.
Pharma Equipment wide range of equipment for most procedures in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Equipment for prepar-ing product for granulation, tablet coating, capsule filling, Homogenizing equipment, tank equipment, automatic lines for filling bottles,sterilizing equipment. Equipment for packing ready products.
DATA Count PH-JR, pellets counter, quickly and accurately counts pharmaceutical pellets and mini tablets as small as 0.2mm providing for the first time a much needed tool to drug developers and manufacturers that produces capsules containing pellets.
Capable of counting small pellets, pharmaceutical developers and manufacturers can now better control pellet production processes through both counting and weighing, thus measuring pellets homogeneity in terms of active and non-active material content.
Effect of sugarcane bagasse ash on strength properties of concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract The present study focuses on the utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as replacement material for cement in concrete production. Sugarcane Bagasse ash contains high amorphous silica content and aluminium ion. For experimental investigations, Sugarcane bagasse ash and its chemical properties are obtained from KCP sugar factory, Andhra Pradesh. Ordinary Portland cement was partly replaced by sugarcane bagasse ash in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% by weight and the influence of Sugarcane bagasse ash as a partial replacement material has been examined on fresh concrete tests by Compaction factor test and Slump cone test as well as on hardened concrete with tests for Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength and Modulus of Elasticity. The results indicate that inclusion of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in concrete up to 20% level significantly enhanced the strength of concrete. The highest strength was obtained at 10% Sugarcane bagasse ash replacement level. Keywords: Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, By-Product, Amorphous Silica and Strength
The word “Pellet” has been used to describe a variety of systematically produced, geometrically defined agglomerates obtained from diverse starting materials utilizing different processing conditions. Pellets range in size, typically, between 0.5 – 1.5 mm, though other sizes could be prepared. Pellets are for pharmaceutical purposes and are produced primarily for the purpose of oral controlled-release dosage forms having gastro resistant or sustained-release properties or the capability of site-specific drug delivery.
See more
https://goo.gl/xnKD6W
http://goo.gl/sVrGhQ
https://goo.gl/dqMcpE
Contact us
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
How to Start Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Processing Industry in India, most Profitable Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Processing Business Ideas, Small Scale Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules manufacturing Projects, How to Start a Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production Business, Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production Based Small Scale Industries Projects, New small scale ideas in Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production industry, Detailed Project Report on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production industry, Pre Feasibility report on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules manufacturing industry, Technical Material Market Report on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production business, Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production Market - Industry Trends, Prices, Manufacturing, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Production industry, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules manufacturing industry, Feasibility report on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules manufacturing industry, Free Project Profile on Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules manufacturing business, Industrial Project Report, Project consultant, Project consultancy, NPCS, Niir, Process technology books, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Project identification and selection, Preparation of Project Profiles, Startup Project for Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules processing business, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Start-up Business Plan for Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules processing business, Start Up India, Stand Up India, Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules Making Small Business Manufacturing, small scale Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules making machine and Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules production line, Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules making machine factory, modern small and cottage scale industries, How to Start a Pharmaceutical Pellets & Granules processing industry?
STUDY OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF WHITE CRYSTAL SUGARAshish Panchal
THIS STUDY IS CARRIED OUT AT MAHATMA GANDHI SAHAKARI SAKKARE KARKHANE BHALKI, BIDAR DISTRICT. THIS INTERNSHIP IS BASED ON MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF WHITE CRYSTAL SUGAR IN MGSSK LTD BHALKI.
Bagasse ash as a partial replacement to cement. This replacement can improve the properties of cement as well as, it reduces the effects over the environment.
ROLE OF NANO TECHNOLOGY ON AGRI-GREEN PRODUCT PRODUCTION PROCESS: EMERGING NE...IAEME Publication
Nanotechnology is one of the most important tools in modern agriculture, and in the field of
Agri-Green Technology of product Production .where, Agri-food nanotechnology is anticipated to
become a driving economic force in the near future. Agri-food themes focus on sustainability and
protection of agriculturally produced foods, including crops for human consumption and animal
feeding. Nanotechnology provides new agrochemical agents and new delivery mechanisms to
improve crop productivity, and it promises to reduce pesticide use. Nanotechnology can boost
agricultural production, and its applications include: 1) Nano formulations of agrochemicals for
applying pesticides and fertilizers for crop improvement; 2) the application of
nanosensors/nanobiosensors in crop protection for the identification of diseases and residues of
agrochemicals; 3) nanodevices for the genetic manipulation of plants; 4) plant disease diagnostics;
5) animal health, animal breeding, poultry production; and 6) postharvest management. Precision
farming techniques could be used to further improve crop yields but not damage soil and water,
reduce nitrogen loss due to leaching and emissions, as well as enhance nutrients long-term
incorporation by soil microorganisms. Nanotechnology uses include nanoparticle-mediated gene
or DNA transfer in plants for the development of insect-resistant varieties, food processing and
storage, nanofeed additives, and increased product shelf life. Nanotechnology promises to
Dr. Ramesh Chandra Rath, Puspita Acharya, Anoopa Laly and Bishnu Chanran Rout
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 35 editor@iaeme.com
accelerate the development of biomass-to-fuels production technologies. Experts feel that the
potential benefits of nanotechnology for agriculture, food, fisheries, and aquaculture need to be
balanced against concerns for the soil, water, and environment and the occupational health of
workers. Raising awareness of nanotechnology in the agri-food sector, including feed and food
ingredients, intelligent packaging and quick-detection systems, is one of the keys to influencing
consumer acceptance. On the basis of only a handful of toxicological studies, concerns have arisen
regarding the safety of Nanomaterials, and researchers and companies will need to prove that
these nanotechnologies do not have more of a negative impact on the environment.
We invite all environmentalists, green earth warriors, nature enthusiasts, meteorologists, professors, Climate scientists and all other Attendees to join at the 7th GoGreen to learn from experts in their community and leave armed with the tools and strategies to make a difference at their organization.
https://gogreen.bioleagues.com
7th GoGreen Summit is organized by BioLEAGUES and International Society of Environmental Relationship and Sustainability (ISERS) which is scheduled to be held on 14th - 15th October 2021 in the Manila, Philippines. We invite all environmentalists, green earth warriors, nature enthusiasts, meteorologists, professors, Climate scientists and all other.
Thinking about the distant future allows us to go out of the box and to create room for social creativity and empathy. The technology survey, the social developments, the archetypal scenarios and the visions of the future in this study aim to boost the debate on the Dutch agro & food sector, especially in the domains where technological developments may have an impact. Taken together, these instruments form an important inspiration for further study, policy studies, innovation and a public debate.
Mr Ashwin Shroff's presentation at CII Biotechnology Committee meeting on 6th...excelind
As the co-chair of CII's Biotechnology Committee, Mr Ashwin Shroff made a very informative and valuable presentation on the very practical uses of Biotechnology in the fields of agriculture, high yielding seeds, bio fertilizers, bio pesticides, solid and liquid waste management
Two years of NewsLeTERRE. Two years of adding meaning sustainable living. Two years of giving back, satisfaction and rejuvenation. Two years of Emergence of ideas of giving back to our TERRE.
Food technology is a blanket term for applying food science techniques and principles to the cultivation, production, processing, packaging, labeling, quality management, and distribution of food substances. Much of the food we eat and drink is made using the tools of food technology. The modern food technologies are largely responsible for the successful operation of our supermarkets. This paper provides an introduction to food technology. It covers both new and conventional food technologies. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Tolulope J. Ashaolu | Sarhan M. Musa "Food Technology: A Tutorial" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29159.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/food-science/29159/food-technology-a-tutorial/matthew-n-o-sadiku
the delicate topic of Sustainable Development through a
book which I have co-authored and give to the audience also a perspective on
how Education can sensitively provide support for this framework.
I will participate in my role of affiliate professor of management and behavior
for Grenoble Graduate School of Business, France ( www.ggsb.com)
by mark esposito (m.esposito@ht.umass.edu)
Review on Biogas Production in NigeriaAJSERJournal
One of the greatest challenges facing the Nigerian societies now and in the future is the reduction of green
house gas emissions, energy generation, power supply and thus preventing the climate change. It is therefore necessary
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organic waste streams or as a byproduct from industrial processes. Beside energy production, the degradation of
organic waste through anaerobic digestion offers other advantages, such as the prevention of odor release and the
decrease of pathogens. Moreover, the nutrient rich digested residues can be utilized as fertilizer for recycling the
nutrients back to the fields. However, the amount of organic materials currently available for biogas production is
limited and new substrates as well as new effective technologies are therefore needed to facilitate the growth of the
biogas industry all over the world. Hence, major developments have been made during the last decades regarding the
utilization of lignocelluloses biomass, the development of high rate systems and the application of membrane
technologies within the anaerobic digestion process in order to overcome the shortcomings encountered. The
degradation of organic material requires a synchronized action of different groups of microorganisms with different
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Review on Biogas Production in NigeriaAJSERJournal
One of the greatest challenges facing the Nigerian societies now and in the future is the reduction of green
house gas emissions, energy generation, power supply and thus preventing the climate change. It is therefore necessary
to look for an alternative with renewable and recycling sources, such as biogas. Biogas can be produced from various
organic waste streams or as a byproduct from industrial processes. Beside energy production, the degradation of
organic waste through anaerobic digestion offers other advantages, such as the prevention of odor release and the
decrease of pathogens. Moreover, the nutrient rich digested residues can be utilized as fertilizer for recycling the
nutrients back to the fields. However, the amount of organic materials currently available for biogas production is
limited and new substrates as well as new effective technologies are therefore needed to facilitate the growth of the
biogas industry all over the world. Hence, major developments have been made during the last decades regarding the
utilization of lignocelluloses biomass, the development of high rate systems and the application of membrane
technologies within the anaerobic digestion process in order to overcome the shortcomings encountered. The
degradation of organic material requires a synchronized action of different groups of microorganisms with different
metabolic capacities. Recent developments in molecular biology techniques have provided the research community
with a valuable tool for improved understanding of this complex microbiological system, which in turn could help
optimize and control the process in an effective way in the future.
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Co-Composting process of bagasse and sludge from sugarcane industy with influnce of difference initial C/N value and aeration
1.
2. CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
Coordinator : Yandra Arkeman, Dr. M.Eng
(Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, IPB)
Co-Coordinator: Nastiti Siswi Indrasti, Prof. Dr. Ir.
(Head of Departemen of Agroindustrial Technology, IPB)
International Experts:
1. Kenneth De Jong, Prof.
(George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA)
2. Kim Bryceson, Prof.
(School of Agriculture and Food Science , University of Queensland, Australia)
3. Haruhiro Fujita, Prof.
(Department of Information Systems, Niigata University for International and
Information Studies Japan)
4. Gajendran Kandamsany, Dr. (United Kingdom)
5. Noel Lindsay, Prof. (University of Adelaide, Australia)
Committee Members from IPB:
1. Kudang Boro Seminar, Prof.
(Departement of Mechanical & Bio-system Engineering, IPB)
2. Marimin, Prof.
(Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, IPB)
3. Endang Gumbira Said, Prof.
(Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, IPB)
4. Suprihatin, Prof.
(Secretary of Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, IPB)
5. Ono Suparno, Prof.
(Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, IPB)
6. Agus Buono, Dr.
(Head of Department of Computer Science, IPB)
PROCEEDINGS
2nd
International Conference on Adaptive and Intelligent Agroindustry (ICAIA)
September 16 – 17, 2013, IPB International Convention Center
Bogor – Indonesia
Organized by :
Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and
Technology Bogor Agricultural University
George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
Indonesian Agroindustry Association (AGRIN)
Bogor, Desember 2013
Frekwensi Terbitan : 1 Tahunan
Nomor ISSN : 2354-9041
4. ii
reduced. The new, incremental energy contributions that can be obtained from waste biomass will depend
on future government policies, on the rates of fossils fuel depletion, and on extrinsic and intrinsic economic
factors, as well as the availability of specific residues in areas where they can be collected and utilized. All
of these factors should be in detail examined to evaluate the development of the industrial waste
contribution. Hope this conference will also discuss this issue in more detail as it is an important matter for
all of us. We should no more think just how to produce high value product but it is also necessarily
important how to keep our live in good quality by understanding following old saying…” only when the
last tree has been cut, only when the last fish has been angled, and only when the last river has been
polluted, then we realized that we could not eat money”.
I do not to take up any more of your time with these opening remarks. Let me simply thank you once again
for sharing your thoughts with us. Here’s wishing every success for the conference. May Allah bless all of
us.
Thank you for your kind attention,
Wassalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh
5. iii
AGENDA of
2nd
International Conference on Adaptive and Intelligent Agroindustry
(ICAIA)
Time Activities Room
Day 1 (16 September 2013)
08.00 – 09.00
(60’)
Registration
09.00 – 10.00
(60’)
Opening Ceremony
Welcoming Address: Prof. NastitiSiswiIndrasti (Head of Dept TIN,
Fateta, IPB)
Conference Opening: Prof. HerrySuhardiyanto(Rector of IPB)
o ABET Certification announcement and short ceremony
o Launching International Double Degree Master Program in
Innovation and Technopreneurship in Cooperation with University
of Adelaide, Australia
o Soft-launching Master in Logistik Agroindustri (Agroindustrial
Logistics)
Ballroom
10.00 – 10.45
(45’)
Opening Speeches:
Prof. IrawadiJamaran (Agroindustry Guru, IPB: 25’)
Prof. Eriyatno (Industrial and System Engineering, IPB: 20’)
Ballroom
Session 1
10.45 – 11.15
(30’)
Keynote Speech Dr. YandraArkeman (IPB) Ballroom
11.15 – 12.00
(45’)
Keynote Speech Prof. Kenneth De Jong (George Mason University, USA) Ballroom
12.00 – 13.30
(90’)
Lunch Break
Session 2
13.30 – 15.15
(105’)
Moderator: Prof. EndangGumbiraSa’id (IPB)
Invited Speakers (1-4) (4 x 20 minutes)
Discussion (25 minutes)
Tentative Schedule: Prof. Kim Bryceson (Australia), Prof. SyamsulMa’arif
(IPB), Prof. KudangBoro Seminar (IPB), Prof. HaruhiroFujita (Japan)
Ballroom
15.15 – 15.45
(30’)
Break
15.45 – 17.30
(105’)
Moderator: Prof. Marimin (IPB)
Invited Speakers (5-8) (4 x 20 minutes)
Discussion (25 minutes)
Tentative Schedule: Dr. Gajendran (UK), Prof. Noel Lindsay (University of
Adelaide), Dr. KuncoroHartoWidodo (UGM), Prof. UtomoSarjonoPutro (ITB)
Ballroom
Day 2 (17 September 2013)
08.00 – 08.30
(30’)
Registration
08.30 – 10.15
(105’)
Moderator: Prof. KudangBoro Seminar (IPB)
Invited Speakers (9-12) (4 x 20 minutes)
Discussion (25 minutes)
Prof. Egum (IPB), Prof. Marimin (IPB), Dr. AgusBuono (IPB), Dr. HeruSukoco (IPB)
10.15 – 10.30
(15’)
Coffee Break
10.30 – 12.30
(120’)
Parallel Session 1
Moderator: Prof.
Fujita
(7 paper @ 15
minutes)
Discussion (15
minutes)
Parallel Session 2
Moderator: Prof. Ono Suparno
(7 paper @ 15 minutes)
Discussion (15 minutes)
Parallel Session
Moderator: Prof. Suprihatin
(7 paper @ 15 minutes)
Discussion (15 minutes)
6. iv
12.30 – 13.30
(60’)
Lunch Break
13.30 – 15.00
(90’)
Open Discussion (Open Forum) with Prof. Kenneth De Jong
Topic: Foundations and Applications of Genetic/Evolutionary Algorithms
Ballroom
15.00 – 15.30
(30’)
Conference Closing Ballroom
15.30 – 17.00
(90’)
Indonesian Agroindustry Association (AGRIN) National Congress
(PIC: Prof. Suprihatin)
Ballroom
17.00 – 17.45
(45’)
Refreshment and Closing of AGRIN National Congress Ballroom
8. vi
N. Risk Management Model in Dairy Product Transportation With Fuzzy Logic
Approach (Winnie Septiani, Yandra Arkeman)
131‐141.
O. Strategy to Increase Institutional Capacity of Farmer Groups to Support the
Transportation System Agroindustry Products (Zulfiandri, Yandra Arkeman)
142‐156.
P. Adsorption Of Carotenoid From Palm Oil Methyl Ester By Using Attapulgite And
Synthetic Silica Magnesium As Adsorbent (Sapta Raharja, Prayoga Suryadarma,
Zuni Fitriyantini)
157‐163.
Q. High Accuracy Agroindustry Environment Monitoring System Based on Photonic
Crystal Sensor Network (Mamat Rahmat, Muhamad Azis, Erus Rustami, Wenny
Maulina, Kudang Boro Seminar, Arief Sabdo Yuwono, Husin Alatas)
164‐174.
R. Study on Effect ofTemperatureIncrease on the Productivity of Methanefrom
POME Fermentation (Sarono, E. Gumbira Said, Ono Suparno, Suprihatin, Udin
Hasanudin)
175‐180.
S. The Design and Implementation of Geographic Information Systems to Support
Food and Energy Security (Arif Purnomo Muji Basuki, Yandra Arkeman,
Musthofa)
181‐191.
T. Study Of White Crystal Sugar Distribution System In Indonesia (Suripto, Yandra
Arkeman)
192‐199.
U. Corncob Biodelignification Process Using White Rot Fungi (Liesbetini Hartoto,
Purwoko, Elis Nina Herliyana, Cucu Rina Purwaningrum)
200‐212.
V. Color Stability of Beet Dyes Label During Heating (Endang Warsiki, Asih
Setiautami)
213‐219.
W Precipitation Classification Using LVQ on Dry Season Base on Global Climate
Indices Case Study in Indramayu District (Indra Kelana Jaya, Agus Buono, Yandra
Arkeman)
220‐225.
X. Wood Identification Type By Using Support Vector Mechine‐Based Image (A.A.
Gede Rai Gunawan, Sri Nurdiati, Yandra Arkeman)
226‐232.
Y. Fuzzy Logic Systems and Applications in Agro‐industrial Engineering and
Technology (Marimin, Mushthofa)
233‐241.
Z. Adaptive Learning Model of Hypergame by using Genetic Algorithm: an
Application of Value Co‐creation in Service System (Case Study: Airline Service)
(Santi Novani, Utomo Sarjono Putro)
9. 54
Co-Composting Process Of Bagasse And Sludge From Sugarcane
Industry With Influence Of Difference Initial C/N Value And Aeration
Andes Ismayana
Department ot Agroindustrial Technology
Bogor Agricultural University
andesismayana@ymail.com
Nastiti Siswi Indrasti
Department of Agroindustrial Technology
Bogor Agricultural University
nastiti.indrasti@yahoo.co.id
Tori Sane
Department ot Agroindustrial Technology
Bogor Agricultural University
torisane@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to utilize bagasse and sludge of the sugarcane industry through co-
composting processes for producing compost and determine the influence of aeration and C/N ratio. In
composting process, bagasse and sludge combination were composted at C/N value of 30, 40, and 50 and
aeration flow rate were set on 0.4 l/minutes.kg and 1.2 l/minutes.kg. The research was carried out two
stages, that was preliminary research to determine the composition of raw materials mixture, and primary
research for determining C/N value during composting. Parameters monitored during composting were
temperature done every day, pH and C/N determined every week. The result showed that aeration treatment
did not give noticeable effect on C/N value and compost with initial C/N value of 30 gave the fastest
decomposition process in co-composting stages.
.
Keywords:bagasse, sludge, co-composting, C/N ratio, aeration
1. INTRODUCTION
The sugar industry is one of the industries that support the needs of Indonesia society. Most
of the sugar industry used sugarcane plants as the main raw material for producing sugar. On
production sugarcane industry generated solid waste, such are bagasse, filter cake, boiler ash, and
sludge from wastewater treatment.Bagasse is the solid waste from milling station that totaling
overflow than others waste. Utilization of bagasse in sugar factories are generally done by directly
sending it to the boiler station and the rest have not been handled properly. Sludge is waste
resulting from the treatment of wastewater, sludge usually not utilized again. The amount of
sludge is expected to continue to rise, along with the growing industry. Sludge processing cost is
not a little, about 50 percent of the cost of wastewater treatment can be siphoned off to tackle
waste silting that occurs (Ariffudin 2001).
The treatment of solid wastes are generally only limited as the disposal on land that has
been prepared (land filling). A large quantity of solid wastes require extensive land area as
temporary placeholders. However, this heap of waste would pose environmental problems when
no further handlers (Fauzi 2005). The utilization of solid waste as compost is one of the
alternative solutions which can be done as an effort for the management and utilization of
industrial solid waste in order to synergize with the environment. Composting is an simple and
better alternative for handling solid waste. In addition, eco-friendly composting also costs
investments that are relatively cheaper and can be profitable for the company.
Co-composting is an aerobic degradation control of organic materials using more than one
raw materials (sludge or other organic solid wastes). Co-composting between bagasse and sludge
are potentially to reduce the amount of solid waste and convert it into organic fertilizer. Bagasse
has high content of carbon, phosphorus, and minerals however nitrogen content is very low so it is
10. 55
worse if composted directly without any other organic material. Whereas sludge contains high
organic ingredients, crude fiber, minerals and proteins with high nitrogen content. Blending of
bagasse and sludge produces nutrients for microorganisms that decompose organic materials.
Some factors that affecting composting process is value of C/N and aeration rate. The value
of C/N is defined as the ratio between the amount of carbon with nitrogen contained in materials.
Carbon and nitrogen are used as an energy source by microorganisms and cells forming the body.
This was the one that caused the value of C/N in the composting process becomes a very
important factor. Comparison of the amount of C and N were used during the composting process
should not be too low or high because it can cause the decomposition process will be
slow.Aeration aimed to supply oxygen for microorganisms that will create aerobic conditions for
accelerating materials decomposition process. Beside to provide oxygen, air flow is given to
remove carbon dioxide produced as a by-product of decomposition process organic ingredients.
The purpose of this research was to utilize baggase and sludge of the sugarcane industry
through co-composting technic and to determine the influence of aeration and material
combination to composting process.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Characteristic and Formulation
Preliminary research consisted of characterization of raw materials and the determination of
initial C/N value in composting materials. Parameters that Analyzed in characteristics of raw
materials were moisture content, ash content, carbon, and nitrogen. Whereas, the determination of
initial C/N value have done with weigh calculation of bagasse and sludge for any value of C/N
that have been set (30, 40, and 50). Formulations for initial C/N value of materials used were:
% %
% %
2.2 Co-Composting Process
The composting process was done with static aerated pile method by mixing bagasse and
sludge entered in reactors for aerobic conditions used modified air flow coming from aerator. The
mixing of two different materials was done to combine contents of C/N value of each material, so
it could created good condition for decomposition of organic materials. The material for
composting based capacity of 5 kg for each reactor.
Weight of each ingredient was determined based on the value of carbon and nitrogen for
each composting materials that were incorporated in the calculation of formulation with C/N
value has determined for 30, 40, and 50. The aeration on process of composting was done 1
hours/day for each reactor starting on initial week with aeration level of 0.4 and 1.2 l/minute.kg
ingredients. The stages of composting bagasse and sludge, can be seen on flowchart in Figure 1.
2.3 Experiment Design
Research design was done using method of Random Design with two treatment factors; were
initial C/N value and aeration treatment. The initial C/N value consisted of three levels that were
30, 40, and 50, whereas aeration treatment consisted of two levels, 0.4 and 1.2 l/minutes.kg. The
mathematical models used in this research was:
Description:
Yijkl = measured variable
μ = general average or actual average
Ai = Influence factor A (initial C/N value) to-i (i = 1, 2, 3)
Bj = Influence factor B (aeration treatment) to-j (j = 1, 2)
ABij = effect of the interaction of factor A and B
ɛijk = error
Yijk = µ + Ai + Bj + ABij +ɛijk
C/N value =
11. 56
Figure 1 : .Reseach stage of Co-composting baggase and sludge
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Characteristics Of Raw Materials
Bagasse and sludge analysis results were used in this study are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. The content of bagasse and sludge
Parameter Bagasse Sludge
Ash (%) 1.399 49.473
Nitrogen (%) 0.075 0.704
Carbon (%) 29.315 13.039
Water (%) 45.171 26.090
C/N Value 387.256 18.512
Phosporus (%) 0.170 1.755
Calcium (%) 1.050 0.385
Potasium (%) 0.034 0.119
Iron (%) 0.312 0.097
Alumunium (%) 0.269 0.068
Manganese (%) 0.029 0.002
Magnesium (%) 0.002 0.047
Bagasse had a high carbon content (29.315%) but low levels of nitrogen (0.075%). Bagasse
had a high carbon content as it was sugar cane mill waste which still contained lots of fiber and
cellulose. While sludge was used as raw material for composting had high enough levels of
nitrogen (0.704%) with a low carbon content (13.039%).
The combination of these two ingredients were expected to produce optimum conditions for
co-composting process. Bagasse had a high carbon content as a source of energy while sludge
providing enough nitrogen for microorganism to synthesize protein for their growth. In addition,
Bagasse Sludge
Characteristic of materials
Formulation materials based of
initial C/Nvalue 30, 40, and 50
Mixing bagasse and sludge
(Based: 5 kg)
Co-composting
(42 days; aeration active 1st
week)
Compos
12. 57
bagasse had characteristics of a good bulking agent so it made easy to circulate and air flow into
the pile at the moment co-composting process taken place (Lavarack et al 2002).
3.2 Formulation of Initial CN Ratio
Mixing of raw materials was done as one method for obtaining optimum formulations of
composting materials. The determination of C/N value was initial step to combine the best
composition between main ingredient, bagasse and sludge. Determination of initial C/N used also
as one way to get the value of the content of C/N materials in order to reach approximates value
of C/N that was good in composting process.
According to the Djaja (2008) ideally compost raw material selected and mixed in proper
proportions to produce high quality compost. In addition, the characteristics of the ingredients
looked for mixing of raw materials was comparison of the amount of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N).
The composition of bagasse and sludge to initial C/N of 30, 40, and 50 could be seen in Table 2.
Table 2. The initial composition of the materials
Initial
C/N
value
Total
Weight
(Kg)
Bagasse
(kg)
Sludge
(kg)
30 5 1.2 3.8
40 5 1.5 3.5
50 5 1.9 3.1
In the Table 2, could be seen that composition of the sludge on the mixed of materials was
greater than bagasse. But the bagasse had a characteristic as bulking agent that was high enough
so that it could balancing the mixing. Bulking agent was useful aspect facilitated circulation and
air flow that entered into composting materials piles. Moisture content and low nitrogen on
bagasse could be covered by sludge. Sludge had moisture content and nitrogen were supporting
the process of degradation organic materials.
3.3 Co-composting Process
Temperature
Change in temperature was one of indicators for degradation process on organic material by
microorganisms during the process of co-composting. Temperature measurement was carried out
regularly to find out condition of composting, that was going well or not. Measurement results of
temperature with aeration treatment of 0.4 and 1.2 l/minute.kg of materials shown in Figure 2 and
3.
Figure 2 : Change of temperature in aeration of 0.4 l/minute.kg materials
20
23
26
29
32
0 2 4 7 9 11 15 18 22 26 30 34 38
Temperature (oC)
Day30 40 50
13. 58
Figure 3 : Change of temperature in aeration treatment of 1.2 l/minute.kg materials
This indicated that activities of microorganisms in organic materials decreased. However,
after few days temperature increased again. It indicated that presence of microbial activity was
still on, but not as much as activities that happened in first week. On the day of 24th
until the 40th
,
temperature of composting became constant. The condition of constant and stable temperatures
indicated that compost was in maturation phase.
On this composting process, thermofilik conditions with a temperature of 45o
C-65o
C
could not be reached. It was influenced by the dimensions of the composting material. Compost
piles high in this research was only around 30 cm, while the ideal height of the pile was about 1
meter. According to Indrasti and Wimbanu (2006), the temperature of the compost that did not
reach a temperature of thermofilik due to the dimensions of the pile was too small so that the heat
generated from the process of degradation was not stuck in the pile. From the observations,
aeration treatment of 0.4 and 1.2 l/min.kg did not give significant influence of temperature
changes during the process of co-composting. This could be shown in Figure 2 and 3.
pH
pH was a factor that played important role in the process of co-composting. At the time of
composting, occurred physical and chemical changed. pH changed as a result of microorganisms
activity in composting showed of organic materials degradation. pH measurement was carried out
every week to control pH conditions during decomposition process of raw materials. pH changed
during the composting process, shown in Figure 4 and 5.
Figure 4 : Change of pH in aeration treatment of 0.4 l/minute.kg materials
20
23
26
29
32
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 1011121516182022242628303234363840
Temperature (oC)
Day
30 40 50
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
0 8 15 22 29 36 43
pH
Day
Aeration 0.4 L/min.kg
30 40 50
14. 59
Figure 5 : Change of pH in aeration treatment of 1.2 l/minute.kg materials
The changed of pH in Figure 4 and 5 showed a decrease at the beginning of composting
process for compos with initial C/N value of 30, 40, and 50 with both aeration treatment.
According to Harada et al. (1993) the pH that tent to decrease at the beginning of composting
process indicated of weak organic acid formation such lactic acid, butyric acid, propane acid, and
acetic acid. Ingredients mixing with initial C/N of 40 had greater pH change than compos with
initial C/N value of 30 and 50. On aeration treatment of 0.4 and 1.2 l/min.kg, decreased pH occurs
from the beginning of time until the first week of composting. After going through the first week
of composting period pH increased.
The increase in pH during composting process caused by changed on organic acids into
CO2. The decrease in organic matter caused a decrease in carbon content, meanwhile nitrogen
transformed to NH3. The Gas was generated in form of NH3,bound with water, and formed an
alkaline pH conditions. Aeration treatment 0.4 and 1.2 l/min.kg of material influenced
significantly on change of pH during composting period. Giving of limited aeration rate during
composting limited high or low pH change which could slow composting, with this method
organic acid could be produced and would lower pH value and didn’t caused too lower decrease
in pH (Isroi 2008).
On a comparison of interaction between difference level of aeration treatment with C/N
value showed early results that it was not different significantly. The third composition with
initial C/N, 30, 40 and 50 had the same pattern in pH changes. However, compost which initial
C/N of 40 experienced higher pH change compared to other composts. According to the CPIS
(1992), when pH was too high causing the nitrogen element on the compost material was
transformed into ammonia, otherwise on the condition low pH (acid) could cause microorganisms
died. The easiest way to overcome the high pH value on the compost was limiting the aeration
rate. Through this way, organic acid could be produced and would lower pH.
CN Ratio
The effective CN ratio for composting process was between 30 and 40. On CN ratio of
30-40 microbes got enough C to synthesize energy and N for protein synthesis. If the CN ratio is
too high, microbes would lack of N for protein synthesis so that decomposition process was slow
(Isroi, 2007). If the CN ratio was too low, it would cause formation of ammonia, so nitrogen was
easily lost in the air (Harada et al. 1993). On process of composting, carbon content was reduced
because it decomposed into CO2, H2O, and heat, whereas organic nitrogen was relatively fixed.
This condition caused C/N ratio during composting down (Haug 1985).
Nitrogen was used as a source of cell growth for microorganism. The amount of nitrogen
contained in co-composting material of bagasse and sludge were fewer compared to organic
carbon content. Changed of the CN ratio during co-composting could be seen in Figure 6 and 7.
6
6.5
7
7.5
0 8 15 22 29 36 43
pH
day
Aeration 1.2 L/min.kg
30 40 50
15. 60
Figure 6 : Change of CN ratio in aeration treatment of 0.4 l/minute.kg materials
Figure 7 : Change of CN ratio in aeration treatment of 1.2 l/minute.kg materials
The change levels of organic carbon and nitrogen have an impact on changed in value of
C/N. Organic carbon in compos mixing continued to decrease due to degraded by microorganisms
and increased of nitrogen levels would cause C/N ratio decreased each week. Composition of
compost with initial C/N of 50 had reduced rate in decomposition which is quite high when
compared to mixture of ingredients that had initial CN ratio of 30. This condition happened
because mixture material with initial C/N of 50 contained higher organic ingredients when
compared to mixing of initial C/N of 40 and 30. The decreased in CN ratio due to occurrence of
biodegradation materials into CO2, H2O and heat (Isroi, 2008). The more organic contained in
compos material, heat also raised in compost pile. This condition had accordance with data where
a mix of materials with initial C/N of 50 had higher temperatures if compared to others compost.
On the graphics above, could be seen that CN ratio had decreased quite significantly each week.
Entering week 4 until week 6 decreased rate slowed down and tend to be constant.
Aeration treatment had influence in process of decreasing the CN ratio. According to
Indrasti and Elia (2004), process of aeration helped microorganisms which required oxygen in
decomposition of organic materials, so speed in decomposition of organic materials done more
optimum. Activity of microorganisms which degraded organic matter increased so that C/N ratio,
nutrient elements, humus, and energy of co-composting material closer to composting process that
produced expected compost quality. Djaja (2008) cites that many microbes in composting process
were consuming oxygen, during the process of composting, materials that were easily broken
down could be parsed quickly. Therefore, it taken a lot of oxygen in the process of degradation of
organic materials. Aeration was done again to supply oxygen to the pile of compost material.
Granting of aeration would actively speed up decomposition process of organic materials because
many microorganisms consume oxygen and increase its activity so that produce energy, humus,
and the desired nutrient elements (Metcalf and Eddy, 1991).
On aeration treatment of 0.4 and 1.2 l/min kg of materials, compost with initial CN ratio
of 30 had the least level of decreased CN ratio until maturity of the compost that was approaching
0
50
100
0 8 15 22 29 36 43
C/N value
day
Aeration 0.4 L/min.kg
30 40 50
0
20
40
60
0 8 15 22 29 36 43
C/N Value
Day
Aerasi 1.2 L/menit.kg
30 40 50
16. 61
20. Content of organic materials that were not too high on compost material degradation process
lead to run quickly so drop in CN ratio also went fast. Mixing ingredients with composition of
C/N 50 on aeration 0.4 l/minute.kg had the slowest changes of C/N ratio. A decrease from week 0
to 4 only reached CN ratio of 28.5, but after entering week 5 and week 6 change happened
significantly. Therefore, compos with initial CN ratio of 40 had change between 30 and 50.
Matched in amount of organic material in the compost mixture was caused a decrease in C/N ratio
was not too fast or slow.
Aeration treatment of 1.2 l/min gave significant influence towards change C/N ratio on
material compos with initial C/N of 50. Significantly decrease occurred in the first week followed
by constant changed each week. The addition of 1.2 l/minutes.kg aeration also affected change in
CN ratio during co-composting process. The final of CN ratio on compost with initial C/N of 50
was 21.8. Compos with initial CN ratio of 40 produced final C/N of 23.9, whereas a mixture of
materials with initial C/N 30 had the smallest result to 15.8. These results indicated that level of
aeration treatment affected rate of decrease in CN ratio, where aeration 1.2 l/minute.kg
ingredients had greater influence compared with aeration 0.4 l/minute.kg ingredients.
4. CONCLUSIONS
Co-composting is one of the alternative solutions in the utilization of industrial solid waste,
especially bagasse and sludge from waste water treatment which still has not put in good use.
Bagasse and sludge could be combined for co-composting materials because it had characteristics
that complement each other. Difference between initial C/N in composting process gave a real
influence on decrease of CN ratio. The higher initial CN ratio caused C/N decrease higher but it
toke a long time when compared to the material composition of low C/N. Compost with a
combination of initial C/N 50 has decreased the C/N is great but need a long time until it reaches
the value of C/N is ideal. While the compost with a C/N early 30 require less time to reach a value
of C/N is ideal.
Treatment aeration 0.4 and 1.2 l/minute.kg material did not gave significant influence
towards a decrease in the value of C/N. However, aeration 1.2 l/min kg material help speed up the
composting process on materials with a value of C/N. Based on statistical tests, the combination
of materials with a value of C/N 50 gives a real influence on the drop in value of C/N. While the
interaction between the granting of aeration with a combination of C/N the beginning shows the
relationship that has no effect.
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