Structure, Biomass Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate of Mangroves in the Ba...ijtsrd
The forest plays a major role in stabilizing increasing temperatures due to its climate mitigation capacity. This is not unconnected to the carbon storing and sequestration potentials of forests. The mangrove as one of the global forest types is said to be a major carbon store. This conclusion is characterized by some knowledge gaps on the actual carbon stock and sequestration potentials of some mangroves forest on the Central African Sub regional landscape. Some of these areas are the Bakassi mangroves in the South West Cameroon. Cross border conflicts, piracy and over exploitation have rendered the sourcing of appropriate data on its carbon stock and sequestration potentials difficult. In strive to bridge this knowledge gap, this work carried out a baseline assessment of the carbon stock and sequestration rate of the area. To achieve the study objectives, stratified random opportunistic sampling inventory design based on five forest canopy height classes, tree Diameter at Breast Height DBH and canopy nature using digital elevation model DEM of the shuttle Radar Topographic Mission SRTM . This combination evaluated the species type and forest structure around the areas. Carbon stocks were estimated with the use of allometric equations using biomass data collected within main plots, sub plots, micro plots and transects. Results showed that mean biomass carbon stock density for the height classes for Bakassi ranged from 33.5 Mg ha to 598.9Mg ha. Thus on average, for a hectare in Bakassi, the carbon stock is 880.437 Mg ha and a sequestration rate of 3231.204 tCO2e ha . Kamah Pascal Bumtu | Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi | Longonje Simon Ngomba ""Structure, Biomass Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate of Mangroves in the Bakassi Peninsula, S-W Cameroon"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30171.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/30171/structure-biomass-carbon-stock-and-sequestration-rate-of-mangroves-in-the-bakassi-peninsula-s-w-cameroon/kamah-pascal-bumtu
Swot analysis on sustainable forest policy and management the Εastern Μacedo...inform-life
The document discusses a SWOT analysis for sustainable forest policy and management in Eastern Macedonia-Thrace, Greece. It aims to identify key internal/external factors as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. A survey was conducted of experts to determine the most important strengths (e.g. firewood production, income generation), weaknesses (e.g. degraded wood stock, illegal logging), opportunities (e.g. new standards for forest management, environmental awareness), and threats. The analysis seeks to inform sustainable forest strategies for the region.
This document summarizes key points from a presentation about the economic benefits of protected areas. It finds that protected areas provide significant economic benefits, including benefits from water purification, climate regulation, food security, tourism, and employment. Globally, the estimated annual benefits of protected areas exceed $4 trillion, far outweighing the estimated $45 billion in annual costs. Studies at national and local levels also regularly find that the economic benefits of protected areas are higher than the costs. Communicating these economic values is important for protecting biodiversity and sustainably financing protected area networks.
The document summarizes the results of a SWOT analysis conducted to identify important factors for sustainable forest management in the forests of Kentriki Makedonia, Greece. The analysis identified the main strengths as production-related factors and financial benefits. Weaknesses included institutional and funding issues. Opportunities involved improving strengths like wood stock. Main threats were wildfires, illegal logging, and diseases. The SWOT analysis provided a framework for identifying alternative strategies around improving production, recreation, protection from threats, and sustainable management assessment.
Analysis of extension services in forest conservation in ogun state, nigeria.Alexander Decker
This document analyzes extension services for forest conservation in Ogun State, Nigeria. It finds that most forest officers are between 31-45 years old and have high literacy. Common extension services identified include education programs and publications to raise awareness. Forest officers generally found the extension services to be effective, but identified constraints like lack of funding and materials. The study concludes that effective extension is important for forest conservation, and addressing challenges can improve services.
Climate Change and Forest Management: Adaptation of Geospatial Technologiesrsmahabir
eraction with the environment, has led to increased concerns about the impact of such disruption on major areas of sustainable development. This has resulted in various innovations in technology, policy and forged alliances at regional and international scales in an effort to reduce humans’ impact on climate. Forests provide a suitable option for reducing the net amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by acting as carbon sinks, thereby forming one part of a more complete solution for combating climate change. At the same time, forests are also sensitive to changes in climate, making sustainable forest management a critical component of present and future climate change strategies. This paper examines the contribution of geospatial technologies in supporting sustainable forest management, emphasizing its use in the classification of forests, estimation of their structure, detecting change and modeling of carbon stocks.
The document discusses forest cover in India, China, and Canada. It provides statistics on India's total forest cover of 678,333 sq km, which is 20.64% of India's geographic area. The policies aim to increase forest cover in India to 33% of the land area. China's forest cover increased to 21.63% by the end of 2013, up from 19% five years prior. China aims to reach 23% forest cover by 2020. Canada maintains 34% forest cover, containing 10% of the world's forests across 348 million hectares. The policies and programs in each country aim to promote sustainable forest management and conservation.
The document reviews various types of natural and anthropogenic forest disturbances, including fires, flooding, wind damage, insects, diseases, and human activities. It discusses the characteristics and impacts of different disturbance agents and recommends integrated pest management and minimizing harmful human disturbances. Control measures are proposed for fires, wild animals, birds, diseases, and pests.
Structure, Biomass Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate of Mangroves in the Ba...ijtsrd
The forest plays a major role in stabilizing increasing temperatures due to its climate mitigation capacity. This is not unconnected to the carbon storing and sequestration potentials of forests. The mangrove as one of the global forest types is said to be a major carbon store. This conclusion is characterized by some knowledge gaps on the actual carbon stock and sequestration potentials of some mangroves forest on the Central African Sub regional landscape. Some of these areas are the Bakassi mangroves in the South West Cameroon. Cross border conflicts, piracy and over exploitation have rendered the sourcing of appropriate data on its carbon stock and sequestration potentials difficult. In strive to bridge this knowledge gap, this work carried out a baseline assessment of the carbon stock and sequestration rate of the area. To achieve the study objectives, stratified random opportunistic sampling inventory design based on five forest canopy height classes, tree Diameter at Breast Height DBH and canopy nature using digital elevation model DEM of the shuttle Radar Topographic Mission SRTM . This combination evaluated the species type and forest structure around the areas. Carbon stocks were estimated with the use of allometric equations using biomass data collected within main plots, sub plots, micro plots and transects. Results showed that mean biomass carbon stock density for the height classes for Bakassi ranged from 33.5 Mg ha to 598.9Mg ha. Thus on average, for a hectare in Bakassi, the carbon stock is 880.437 Mg ha and a sequestration rate of 3231.204 tCO2e ha . Kamah Pascal Bumtu | Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi | Longonje Simon Ngomba ""Structure, Biomass Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate of Mangroves in the Bakassi Peninsula, S-W Cameroon"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30171.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/30171/structure-biomass-carbon-stock-and-sequestration-rate-of-mangroves-in-the-bakassi-peninsula-s-w-cameroon/kamah-pascal-bumtu
Swot analysis on sustainable forest policy and management the Εastern Μacedo...inform-life
The document discusses a SWOT analysis for sustainable forest policy and management in Eastern Macedonia-Thrace, Greece. It aims to identify key internal/external factors as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. A survey was conducted of experts to determine the most important strengths (e.g. firewood production, income generation), weaknesses (e.g. degraded wood stock, illegal logging), opportunities (e.g. new standards for forest management, environmental awareness), and threats. The analysis seeks to inform sustainable forest strategies for the region.
This document summarizes key points from a presentation about the economic benefits of protected areas. It finds that protected areas provide significant economic benefits, including benefits from water purification, climate regulation, food security, tourism, and employment. Globally, the estimated annual benefits of protected areas exceed $4 trillion, far outweighing the estimated $45 billion in annual costs. Studies at national and local levels also regularly find that the economic benefits of protected areas are higher than the costs. Communicating these economic values is important for protecting biodiversity and sustainably financing protected area networks.
The document summarizes the results of a SWOT analysis conducted to identify important factors for sustainable forest management in the forests of Kentriki Makedonia, Greece. The analysis identified the main strengths as production-related factors and financial benefits. Weaknesses included institutional and funding issues. Opportunities involved improving strengths like wood stock. Main threats were wildfires, illegal logging, and diseases. The SWOT analysis provided a framework for identifying alternative strategies around improving production, recreation, protection from threats, and sustainable management assessment.
Analysis of extension services in forest conservation in ogun state, nigeria.Alexander Decker
This document analyzes extension services for forest conservation in Ogun State, Nigeria. It finds that most forest officers are between 31-45 years old and have high literacy. Common extension services identified include education programs and publications to raise awareness. Forest officers generally found the extension services to be effective, but identified constraints like lack of funding and materials. The study concludes that effective extension is important for forest conservation, and addressing challenges can improve services.
Climate Change and Forest Management: Adaptation of Geospatial Technologiesrsmahabir
eraction with the environment, has led to increased concerns about the impact of such disruption on major areas of sustainable development. This has resulted in various innovations in technology, policy and forged alliances at regional and international scales in an effort to reduce humans’ impact on climate. Forests provide a suitable option for reducing the net amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by acting as carbon sinks, thereby forming one part of a more complete solution for combating climate change. At the same time, forests are also sensitive to changes in climate, making sustainable forest management a critical component of present and future climate change strategies. This paper examines the contribution of geospatial technologies in supporting sustainable forest management, emphasizing its use in the classification of forests, estimation of their structure, detecting change and modeling of carbon stocks.
The document discusses forest cover in India, China, and Canada. It provides statistics on India's total forest cover of 678,333 sq km, which is 20.64% of India's geographic area. The policies aim to increase forest cover in India to 33% of the land area. China's forest cover increased to 21.63% by the end of 2013, up from 19% five years prior. China aims to reach 23% forest cover by 2020. Canada maintains 34% forest cover, containing 10% of the world's forests across 348 million hectares. The policies and programs in each country aim to promote sustainable forest management and conservation.
The document reviews various types of natural and anthropogenic forest disturbances, including fires, flooding, wind damage, insects, diseases, and human activities. It discusses the characteristics and impacts of different disturbance agents and recommends integrated pest management and minimizing harmful human disturbances. Control measures are proposed for fires, wild animals, birds, diseases, and pests.
Potential Distribution and Conservation of Endangered Bird Anthus sokokensis ...AI Publications
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the potential distribution and conservation of the endangered Sokoke pipit bird in Ruvu-South Coastal Forest Reserve in Tanzania. 9 line transects were established in the forest with sample plots laid every 400m. A total of 201 disturbance events were recorded along the transects, with tree cutting being the most frequent. 28 Sokoke pipit birds were recorded distributed across 5 plots. The mean density of Sokoke pipit was estimated to be 0.02 birds/ha, with an overall population estimate of 611 individuals in the forest. Habitat degradation from tree loss, fire damage, and charcoal making were found to be threats. Conservation efforts including reducing defore
Term paper presentation_on_legal_policy_of_Agroforestry_finalAnandJha108
This document is a term paper submitted by Anand Jha on the legal policies related to agroforestry in Nepal. It provides an introduction to Nepal's forest policies and regulations regarding private forests and agroforestry. The methodology section states that secondary sources were used. Key findings discussed include the Private Forest Development Directives of 2011, leasehold forestry piloted in Palpa district, positive interactions between community forests and private forests, and agroforestry's role in livelihoods and food security. The conclusions list several policies supporting agroforestry in Nepal and notes regulatory constraints around wild edible products.
Community based forest management in buru, taraba state, nigeriaAlexander Decker
1) The Nigerian Conservation Foundation and Royal Society for Protection of Birds implemented a 5-year participatory forest management project in Buru Community forest in Taraba State, Nigeria to address deforestation issues.
2) The project established a community-based governance structure for the forest and provided training to improve livelihoods through sustainable forest product harvesting and alternative income generating activities.
3) A volunteer patrol group was formed to monitor the forest and biodiversity, and their efforts led to no commercial logging and reduced poaching since the project began.
Deforestation is a threat to everyone on Earth. It has a butterfly effect. Therefore, it is important to know the value of forests and save them before it is too late.
The participatory management plan is a technical, legal and social device that joins the objectives of biodiversity conservation and the socio-economic needs of local populations. This research work aims to evaluate the impact of Wari-Maro classified forest management plan implementation on the structure and specific diversity of vegetation types. The methodological approach followed is based on the comparison of the dendrometric parameters and plant diversity parameters before and after the management plan implementation. The phytosociological and dendrometric database before the management plan was compiled with data from the forest inventory conducted by PAMF project in 2004 and others work. The forest and phytosociological inventories were carried out on the plots (70) from the forest inventory of PAMF project (2004) following the same methodological principles. The Shannon diversity index decreased from 3.35 ± 0.57 bits in 2004 to 1.98 ± 0.73 bits in 2014. The average density of dbh trees ≥ 10 cm decreased from 740.37 ± 269 , 86 stems / ha in 2004 to 184 ± 100 stems / ha in 2014. The results of the 5% sample matched t-test reveal a non-significant difference between the Shannon Diversity Index of 2004 and of 2014. On the other hand, the results of the sample t-test matched at the 5% threshold, reveal a significant difference between the average density value of 2004 and 2014 for all vegetation types except shrub savannas, fields and fallows. Most of the plant species found before the management plan are still present despite the decreased in individuals’ density.
This document discusses potential synergies between forestry and Natura2000, the EU network of protected areas. It outlines several pan-European initiatives related to sustainable forest management and EU directives focused on habitat and species conservation. While guidelines have been established, the document notes that wood production remains the main goal of most forest management. Only 4% of European forests are undisturbed by humans. It questions whether efforts so far have put the EU on track to achieve its 2020 Biodiversity Strategy goals for forests and synergies with Natura2000.
Propose Strategies to Enhance the Biodiversity Status and Traditional Knowled...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study entitle propose strategies to enhance the biodiversity status and traditional knowledge systems relevant for the conservation of Pan troglodytes ellioti was undertaken in the Kimbi-Fungom National Park (KWFR) and Kom-Wum Forest Reserve (KWFR) Northwest region of Cameroon. The main objective was to investigate sustainable tactics that will contribute to trim down pressure on Pan troglodytes ellioti and other flagship species around the study areas. Data collections were undertaken with the help of interviewed administered questionnaires, informal interview using interview guide, group discussion and direct observations activities. Following interviewees response, sixty eight (68%) of the respondents were confident that they could take up effective management of the K-FNP and K-WFR. Equally, 92% of respondents agreed to the fact that increasing population, poverty increment, insufficient modern health facilities, influx of new cultural activities due to loss of traditional taboos and totemic beliefs, remains greater threat to chimpanzees in the study areas. Most of the interviewees (74%) agreed that updating of knowledge on the abundance and distribution of chimpanzee, identifying location of all human activities especially huts, farms, shortcuts and illegal market in the park/reserve through regular patrols with eco-guards to reinforce order and ensure a better protection for chimpanzees is vital. Much more, 95% of respondent accepted the fact that old and new traditional knowledge of conservation such as taboos/law, totemic beliefs, sacred forests, royal species, automatic spiritual sanction, harvesting seasons should be revived and encourage through traditional institutions/council to better protect chimpanzees. Furthermore, 85% of interviewees accepted the suggestion that to get rid of poor traditional practices that uses chimpanzee’s body parts/meat for medicine and rituals, can be replace with goats, sheep, pig, fouls body parts/meat. To reduce over dependent and conflicts on chimpanzees products and other natural resources, 97% of the respondents were in favour that income generating micro-projects such as fish farming, animal rearing, and market gardening should be promoted. Providing jobs through ecotourism activities such as forest clearance and excursions, construction of adequate and equip infrastructures were highly welcome by 99% of interviewees. To attain all these, regular conservation educational programmes in schools, meeting places and in “ngumba” houses should be promoted to well sensitize population on chimpanzee’s conservation.
Law enforcement and governance in forest use, protection and renewal. Summary...ENPI FLEG
This textbook provides training modules on forest governance and law enforcement for students pursuing forestry degrees. It covers topics like forest use, pest management, fire management, and renewal. Each module describes relevant laws and regulations, administrative actions, and decision-making procedures. The textbook aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills needed for sustainable forest management careers in government forestry agencies. It prioritizes developing applied, occupational skills over academic topics, in line with the applied nature of managing forest lands and resources. The four modules are intended to strengthen the human resources of regional forestry authorities in Russia.
- CIFOR is an international organization headquartered in Indonesia that conducts research on forests in developing countries.
- Forests make significant anonymous contributions to rural livelihoods by providing wood, food, energy, employment, and agricultural goods and services. However, forests are disappearing at an alarming rate.
- CIFOR's research program aims to sustainably manage forests and trees to improve livelihoods while conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services through smallholder and community forestry, trade and climate change initiatives.
11.the socio economic effects of community forest management]Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the socioeconomic effects of community forest management in Dendi District, Ethiopia. The study found that participatory forest management enhanced livelihoods, conservation efforts, and social assets of local communities. Households participating in forest management had higher incomes and expenditures than non-participating households. Participating households also had more diverse livelihood strategies relying on natural resources like forests, compared to non-participating households who engaged more in wage labor and small businesses. The management approach helped increase forest cover while supporting local livelihoods, indicating it can achieve sustainable forest use.
This summary provides an overview of a document describing multi-disciplinary research initiatives called TRANSROYAL focusing on the Royal Belum-Temengor Forest Complex in Perak, Malaysia. The research covers four clusters: 1) Geo-Security using remote sensing to support border security and land monitoring. 2) Geo-Biodiversity and Ecosystem investigating aquatic habitats, fish, forests, and carbon. 3) Geo-Sustainability addressing community development, tourism, and education. 4) Rural Technology assessing technology, water infrastructure, solar power, and micro-hydropower. The integrated research aims to better understand and improve the ecological system and human interaction in a changing environment within the forest complex.
EMPOWERING PEOPLES OF TRIPA PEATSWAMP FOREST (TPSF) IN ACEH PROVINCE : AN ANA...Monalisa SP,M.Si
The environmental movement in Tripa Peatswamp Forest (TPSF) in Aceh Province emerged in response to environmental degradation and deforestation that was threatening plant and animal habitats. The movement was pioneered by the Tripa Peatswamp Forest Rescue Coalition (TKPRT) starting in 2008, organizing local communities against a palm oil company. Other groups supporting TPSF rehabilitation include the REDD Task Force, NGOs, and the Tripa Peatswamp Rehabilitation Forum. While mutual commitment and coordination between stakeholders have posed challenges, the recent forest conditions and community participation have supported the movement's success in conserving this important carbon-rich ecosystem.
Analysis of current Governance in the Sustainable Protection of the Virunga N...AI Publications
This article offers an Analysis on the Governance of the Virunga National Park (ViNP) using the Landscape Approach. We started from the constant misunderstanding and perpetual opposition of the riverside population on the management of the ViNP. The question is the management strategy to involve the local population in the sustainable management of the Virunga National Park. After presenting and analyzing the data provided to us by 394 respondents constituting the sample size consider in relation to strategies of public involvement in the sustainable management of the ViNP. The results showed that the local community is not fully involved in the management of the ViNP, and for their involvement we have proposed the Landscape approach that does not exclude anyone as an alternative to the integrated and sustainable management of the Park. After several years of experimentation, the results of the old approach are far from satisfactory. This study is one of the doctoral research findings on the landscape approach to sustainable management of the ViNP.
Provincial and local forest policy reviewAnandJha108
This document provides an overview and outline of a term paper on provincial and local forest policy in Nepal. It introduces federalism and how forest ownership and management is structured in Nepal under its federal system. It then outlines some key acts, policies, and plans related to forests and the environment in Nepal. It discusses the provincial and local forest policy structure, including the roles and responsibilities of different levels of government. It also notes some provisions, opportunities, and areas of duplication or contradiction between policies.
Deforestation in Ghana: Evidence from selected Forest Reserves across six eco...AI Publications
It is an undeniable fact that the forest resources of Ghana are ever depleting. This has however been given little attention in action, though a lot of consultations have been done according to literature. This study reviewed literature on the causes and effects of deforestation. Evidence from literature was supported with images of selected forest reserves across six (6) ecological zones in the country, thus Sudan Savannah Zone, Guinea Savannah Zone, Transitional Zone, Semi-deciduous Zone, Rain Forest Zone and Coastal Savannah Zone. Results reveal that, between the late 20th century and2020, all ecological zones have seen significant depletion of forest cover. Causes and effects of these has however been highlighted in this paper. It is much evident that the reserves in the drier ecological zones were the most affected. The Gbelle Game Reserve lost an approximate 56,049.67 ha of forest cover whiles the Ankasa National Park in the Rain Forest Zone lost an approximate forest cover of 1,792.90 ha between 1990 and 2020. It is recommended that forest protection policies in the Ghanabe strictly implemented and enforced to curb the entry and destruction of the forest reserves and forest cover, thus supporting the SDG 13 (Climate Action).
Ecotourism an approach to the sustainable conservation of biodiversity in the...AI Publications
This study was carried out at the buffer zones of Benue National Park in the North Region of Cameroon. The objective of the study was to assess the governance of ecotourism with an aim to promote sustainable management of biological resources. Primary data was collected with the help of semi-structured questionnaires that were administered to 125 household heads that were involved in the conservation of biodiversity in the study area. Questionnaires and interview guides were design to collect data on: (the level of participation and involvement of communities, stakeholder in the ecotourism business and modalities for participation in the conservation of biological resources). The results showed that two categories of ecotourism actors are involved: Direct actors: conservation service, MINFOF/MINTOUL, eco-guards and indirect actors: NGOs and service providers. The issue of equity remained a major concern for stakeholders, as responsibilities and decision-making among the different actors were not shared equitably. Regarding the level of community participation in ecotourism activities, 79% of stakeholders are not involved in ecotourism activities; however, 21% of stakeholders who were involved are community guards, cooks and tour guides. In ZIC (Area of Cinegetic Interest) N° 1 and 4, 31% of respondents said that only the Union of Village Wildlife Committees (COZIC) have being participating in the ecotourism business. . However, it should be noted that the governance mode most frequently observed in this protected area is dominated by the state with 83% respondents involved even though the laws and policies on ecotourism shows a participatory management of ecotourism in the protected areas.
18.wild life and forest department A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad K...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document summarizes the state of forest management in Pakistan. It notes that deforestation remains a major problem in Pakistan, with around 39,000 hectares of forest being cleared annually. Most forests in Pakistan are state-owned and managed by the government forest department, which is underfunded and lacks expertise. The document critiques the simplistic view among policymakers that overpopulation is the primary cause of deforestation, arguing that the state's failure to properly manage forests is a more important factor. It then provides details on the geography, administration, legal classifications and resource use of Pakistan's forests.
A Future for Social Forestry in the Indonesia and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)CIFOR-ICRAF
This document discusses the potential for social forestry in Indonesia and ASEAN. It notes that past forest management policies have failed to guarantee community access and led to degradation, but that social forestry provides communities long-term forest access and improves livelihoods. It outlines social forestry targets and activities in Indonesia, including enterprise development and partnerships around bamboo, silk, agarwood, and rattan. Research, investment, and multistakeholder engagement are needed to ensure sustainable social forestry and value chains that can contribute to ASEAN economic integration goals.
The document summarizes research on eco-labeling and branding of forest products from Native American tribes. A survey of 54 tribes found interest in developing a tribal brand focused on traditional forest stewardship, cultural respect for the land, and product quality. While some tribes were interested in certification, many lacked knowledge of certification options. The researchers suggest a tribal brand could promote tribal values but would require long-term commitment of resources. Subsequent initiatives included projects to develop international marketing capacity and a fellowship program for tribal students.
This document summarizes Cierra Dickenson's 2012 natural resources internship activities, which included:
1) Regeneration surveys with Jeff Grignon to count and measure regenerating pine, oak, and other tree species in various plots.
2) Stand exam surveys with Paul Crocker to measure tree diameter, height, quality, and defects to plan for forest management.
3) Fishery biology work with Rich Annamitta including using fyke nets, shocking, and building fish cribs to study and enhance fish populations in local lakes.
4) Water quality testing with Joe Lyons to sample lakes for chemistry, temperature, and other metrics.
Potential Distribution and Conservation of Endangered Bird Anthus sokokensis ...AI Publications
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the potential distribution and conservation of the endangered Sokoke pipit bird in Ruvu-South Coastal Forest Reserve in Tanzania. 9 line transects were established in the forest with sample plots laid every 400m. A total of 201 disturbance events were recorded along the transects, with tree cutting being the most frequent. 28 Sokoke pipit birds were recorded distributed across 5 plots. The mean density of Sokoke pipit was estimated to be 0.02 birds/ha, with an overall population estimate of 611 individuals in the forest. Habitat degradation from tree loss, fire damage, and charcoal making were found to be threats. Conservation efforts including reducing defore
Term paper presentation_on_legal_policy_of_Agroforestry_finalAnandJha108
This document is a term paper submitted by Anand Jha on the legal policies related to agroforestry in Nepal. It provides an introduction to Nepal's forest policies and regulations regarding private forests and agroforestry. The methodology section states that secondary sources were used. Key findings discussed include the Private Forest Development Directives of 2011, leasehold forestry piloted in Palpa district, positive interactions between community forests and private forests, and agroforestry's role in livelihoods and food security. The conclusions list several policies supporting agroforestry in Nepal and notes regulatory constraints around wild edible products.
Community based forest management in buru, taraba state, nigeriaAlexander Decker
1) The Nigerian Conservation Foundation and Royal Society for Protection of Birds implemented a 5-year participatory forest management project in Buru Community forest in Taraba State, Nigeria to address deforestation issues.
2) The project established a community-based governance structure for the forest and provided training to improve livelihoods through sustainable forest product harvesting and alternative income generating activities.
3) A volunteer patrol group was formed to monitor the forest and biodiversity, and their efforts led to no commercial logging and reduced poaching since the project began.
Deforestation is a threat to everyone on Earth. It has a butterfly effect. Therefore, it is important to know the value of forests and save them before it is too late.
The participatory management plan is a technical, legal and social device that joins the objectives of biodiversity conservation and the socio-economic needs of local populations. This research work aims to evaluate the impact of Wari-Maro classified forest management plan implementation on the structure and specific diversity of vegetation types. The methodological approach followed is based on the comparison of the dendrometric parameters and plant diversity parameters before and after the management plan implementation. The phytosociological and dendrometric database before the management plan was compiled with data from the forest inventory conducted by PAMF project in 2004 and others work. The forest and phytosociological inventories were carried out on the plots (70) from the forest inventory of PAMF project (2004) following the same methodological principles. The Shannon diversity index decreased from 3.35 ± 0.57 bits in 2004 to 1.98 ± 0.73 bits in 2014. The average density of dbh trees ≥ 10 cm decreased from 740.37 ± 269 , 86 stems / ha in 2004 to 184 ± 100 stems / ha in 2014. The results of the 5% sample matched t-test reveal a non-significant difference between the Shannon Diversity Index of 2004 and of 2014. On the other hand, the results of the sample t-test matched at the 5% threshold, reveal a significant difference between the average density value of 2004 and 2014 for all vegetation types except shrub savannas, fields and fallows. Most of the plant species found before the management plan are still present despite the decreased in individuals’ density.
This document discusses potential synergies between forestry and Natura2000, the EU network of protected areas. It outlines several pan-European initiatives related to sustainable forest management and EU directives focused on habitat and species conservation. While guidelines have been established, the document notes that wood production remains the main goal of most forest management. Only 4% of European forests are undisturbed by humans. It questions whether efforts so far have put the EU on track to achieve its 2020 Biodiversity Strategy goals for forests and synergies with Natura2000.
Propose Strategies to Enhance the Biodiversity Status and Traditional Knowled...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study entitle propose strategies to enhance the biodiversity status and traditional knowledge systems relevant for the conservation of Pan troglodytes ellioti was undertaken in the Kimbi-Fungom National Park (KWFR) and Kom-Wum Forest Reserve (KWFR) Northwest region of Cameroon. The main objective was to investigate sustainable tactics that will contribute to trim down pressure on Pan troglodytes ellioti and other flagship species around the study areas. Data collections were undertaken with the help of interviewed administered questionnaires, informal interview using interview guide, group discussion and direct observations activities. Following interviewees response, sixty eight (68%) of the respondents were confident that they could take up effective management of the K-FNP and K-WFR. Equally, 92% of respondents agreed to the fact that increasing population, poverty increment, insufficient modern health facilities, influx of new cultural activities due to loss of traditional taboos and totemic beliefs, remains greater threat to chimpanzees in the study areas. Most of the interviewees (74%) agreed that updating of knowledge on the abundance and distribution of chimpanzee, identifying location of all human activities especially huts, farms, shortcuts and illegal market in the park/reserve through regular patrols with eco-guards to reinforce order and ensure a better protection for chimpanzees is vital. Much more, 95% of respondent accepted the fact that old and new traditional knowledge of conservation such as taboos/law, totemic beliefs, sacred forests, royal species, automatic spiritual sanction, harvesting seasons should be revived and encourage through traditional institutions/council to better protect chimpanzees. Furthermore, 85% of interviewees accepted the suggestion that to get rid of poor traditional practices that uses chimpanzee’s body parts/meat for medicine and rituals, can be replace with goats, sheep, pig, fouls body parts/meat. To reduce over dependent and conflicts on chimpanzees products and other natural resources, 97% of the respondents were in favour that income generating micro-projects such as fish farming, animal rearing, and market gardening should be promoted. Providing jobs through ecotourism activities such as forest clearance and excursions, construction of adequate and equip infrastructures were highly welcome by 99% of interviewees. To attain all these, regular conservation educational programmes in schools, meeting places and in “ngumba” houses should be promoted to well sensitize population on chimpanzee’s conservation.
Law enforcement and governance in forest use, protection and renewal. Summary...ENPI FLEG
This textbook provides training modules on forest governance and law enforcement for students pursuing forestry degrees. It covers topics like forest use, pest management, fire management, and renewal. Each module describes relevant laws and regulations, administrative actions, and decision-making procedures. The textbook aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills needed for sustainable forest management careers in government forestry agencies. It prioritizes developing applied, occupational skills over academic topics, in line with the applied nature of managing forest lands and resources. The four modules are intended to strengthen the human resources of regional forestry authorities in Russia.
- CIFOR is an international organization headquartered in Indonesia that conducts research on forests in developing countries.
- Forests make significant anonymous contributions to rural livelihoods by providing wood, food, energy, employment, and agricultural goods and services. However, forests are disappearing at an alarming rate.
- CIFOR's research program aims to sustainably manage forests and trees to improve livelihoods while conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services through smallholder and community forestry, trade and climate change initiatives.
11.the socio economic effects of community forest management]Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the socioeconomic effects of community forest management in Dendi District, Ethiopia. The study found that participatory forest management enhanced livelihoods, conservation efforts, and social assets of local communities. Households participating in forest management had higher incomes and expenditures than non-participating households. Participating households also had more diverse livelihood strategies relying on natural resources like forests, compared to non-participating households who engaged more in wage labor and small businesses. The management approach helped increase forest cover while supporting local livelihoods, indicating it can achieve sustainable forest use.
This summary provides an overview of a document describing multi-disciplinary research initiatives called TRANSROYAL focusing on the Royal Belum-Temengor Forest Complex in Perak, Malaysia. The research covers four clusters: 1) Geo-Security using remote sensing to support border security and land monitoring. 2) Geo-Biodiversity and Ecosystem investigating aquatic habitats, fish, forests, and carbon. 3) Geo-Sustainability addressing community development, tourism, and education. 4) Rural Technology assessing technology, water infrastructure, solar power, and micro-hydropower. The integrated research aims to better understand and improve the ecological system and human interaction in a changing environment within the forest complex.
EMPOWERING PEOPLES OF TRIPA PEATSWAMP FOREST (TPSF) IN ACEH PROVINCE : AN ANA...Monalisa SP,M.Si
The environmental movement in Tripa Peatswamp Forest (TPSF) in Aceh Province emerged in response to environmental degradation and deforestation that was threatening plant and animal habitats. The movement was pioneered by the Tripa Peatswamp Forest Rescue Coalition (TKPRT) starting in 2008, organizing local communities against a palm oil company. Other groups supporting TPSF rehabilitation include the REDD Task Force, NGOs, and the Tripa Peatswamp Rehabilitation Forum. While mutual commitment and coordination between stakeholders have posed challenges, the recent forest conditions and community participation have supported the movement's success in conserving this important carbon-rich ecosystem.
Analysis of current Governance in the Sustainable Protection of the Virunga N...AI Publications
This article offers an Analysis on the Governance of the Virunga National Park (ViNP) using the Landscape Approach. We started from the constant misunderstanding and perpetual opposition of the riverside population on the management of the ViNP. The question is the management strategy to involve the local population in the sustainable management of the Virunga National Park. After presenting and analyzing the data provided to us by 394 respondents constituting the sample size consider in relation to strategies of public involvement in the sustainable management of the ViNP. The results showed that the local community is not fully involved in the management of the ViNP, and for their involvement we have proposed the Landscape approach that does not exclude anyone as an alternative to the integrated and sustainable management of the Park. After several years of experimentation, the results of the old approach are far from satisfactory. This study is one of the doctoral research findings on the landscape approach to sustainable management of the ViNP.
Provincial and local forest policy reviewAnandJha108
This document provides an overview and outline of a term paper on provincial and local forest policy in Nepal. It introduces federalism and how forest ownership and management is structured in Nepal under its federal system. It then outlines some key acts, policies, and plans related to forests and the environment in Nepal. It discusses the provincial and local forest policy structure, including the roles and responsibilities of different levels of government. It also notes some provisions, opportunities, and areas of duplication or contradiction between policies.
Deforestation in Ghana: Evidence from selected Forest Reserves across six eco...AI Publications
It is an undeniable fact that the forest resources of Ghana are ever depleting. This has however been given little attention in action, though a lot of consultations have been done according to literature. This study reviewed literature on the causes and effects of deforestation. Evidence from literature was supported with images of selected forest reserves across six (6) ecological zones in the country, thus Sudan Savannah Zone, Guinea Savannah Zone, Transitional Zone, Semi-deciduous Zone, Rain Forest Zone and Coastal Savannah Zone. Results reveal that, between the late 20th century and2020, all ecological zones have seen significant depletion of forest cover. Causes and effects of these has however been highlighted in this paper. It is much evident that the reserves in the drier ecological zones were the most affected. The Gbelle Game Reserve lost an approximate 56,049.67 ha of forest cover whiles the Ankasa National Park in the Rain Forest Zone lost an approximate forest cover of 1,792.90 ha between 1990 and 2020. It is recommended that forest protection policies in the Ghanabe strictly implemented and enforced to curb the entry and destruction of the forest reserves and forest cover, thus supporting the SDG 13 (Climate Action).
Ecotourism an approach to the sustainable conservation of biodiversity in the...AI Publications
This study was carried out at the buffer zones of Benue National Park in the North Region of Cameroon. The objective of the study was to assess the governance of ecotourism with an aim to promote sustainable management of biological resources. Primary data was collected with the help of semi-structured questionnaires that were administered to 125 household heads that were involved in the conservation of biodiversity in the study area. Questionnaires and interview guides were design to collect data on: (the level of participation and involvement of communities, stakeholder in the ecotourism business and modalities for participation in the conservation of biological resources). The results showed that two categories of ecotourism actors are involved: Direct actors: conservation service, MINFOF/MINTOUL, eco-guards and indirect actors: NGOs and service providers. The issue of equity remained a major concern for stakeholders, as responsibilities and decision-making among the different actors were not shared equitably. Regarding the level of community participation in ecotourism activities, 79% of stakeholders are not involved in ecotourism activities; however, 21% of stakeholders who were involved are community guards, cooks and tour guides. In ZIC (Area of Cinegetic Interest) N° 1 and 4, 31% of respondents said that only the Union of Village Wildlife Committees (COZIC) have being participating in the ecotourism business. . However, it should be noted that the governance mode most frequently observed in this protected area is dominated by the state with 83% respondents involved even though the laws and policies on ecotourism shows a participatory management of ecotourism in the protected areas.
18.wild life and forest department A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad K...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document summarizes the state of forest management in Pakistan. It notes that deforestation remains a major problem in Pakistan, with around 39,000 hectares of forest being cleared annually. Most forests in Pakistan are state-owned and managed by the government forest department, which is underfunded and lacks expertise. The document critiques the simplistic view among policymakers that overpopulation is the primary cause of deforestation, arguing that the state's failure to properly manage forests is a more important factor. It then provides details on the geography, administration, legal classifications and resource use of Pakistan's forests.
A Future for Social Forestry in the Indonesia and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)CIFOR-ICRAF
This document discusses the potential for social forestry in Indonesia and ASEAN. It notes that past forest management policies have failed to guarantee community access and led to degradation, but that social forestry provides communities long-term forest access and improves livelihoods. It outlines social forestry targets and activities in Indonesia, including enterprise development and partnerships around bamboo, silk, agarwood, and rattan. Research, investment, and multistakeholder engagement are needed to ensure sustainable social forestry and value chains that can contribute to ASEAN economic integration goals.
The document summarizes research on eco-labeling and branding of forest products from Native American tribes. A survey of 54 tribes found interest in developing a tribal brand focused on traditional forest stewardship, cultural respect for the land, and product quality. While some tribes were interested in certification, many lacked knowledge of certification options. The researchers suggest a tribal brand could promote tribal values but would require long-term commitment of resources. Subsequent initiatives included projects to develop international marketing capacity and a fellowship program for tribal students.
This document summarizes Cierra Dickenson's 2012 natural resources internship activities, which included:
1) Regeneration surveys with Jeff Grignon to count and measure regenerating pine, oak, and other tree species in various plots.
2) Stand exam surveys with Paul Crocker to measure tree diameter, height, quality, and defects to plan for forest management.
3) Fishery biology work with Rich Annamitta including using fyke nets, shocking, and building fish cribs to study and enhance fish populations in local lakes.
4) Water quality testing with Joe Lyons to sample lakes for chemistry, temperature, and other metrics.
The document provides an overview of the future of energy at CMN, a tribal college. It discusses CMN's longstanding commitment to sustainability through various initiatives. It outlines the college's "Big Hairy Audacious Goals" to achieve carbon neutrality and energy independence by certain deadlines. It emphasizes the importance of establishing an energy team and developing an energy management plan to execute the goals. Current progress includes adopting a benchmarking tool to track utility usage and continuing to familiarize themselves with the data.
Steven Milauskas' presentation from the "Shifting Seasons: Great Lakes Forest, Industry, Products, and Resources Summit." Title: "Trends related to wood utilization and forestry products in the fields of outreach, interactive training, and technical assistance."
This document summarizes upcoming CSS features like Box Alignment Level 3, CSS Grid Layout, CSS Shapes, CSS Feature Queries, and CSS Custom Properties. It explains what each feature does at a high level and provides example code snippets. The document also encourages developers to get involved by filing issues on browser bug trackers, requesting new features, and creating blog posts/demos to help drive adoption of these new CSS specifications.
Oregon State University has a long history in agroforestry education and research. It offers undergraduate and graduate courses and degrees related to agroforestry through its Colleges of Forestry and Agricultural Sciences. These colleges conduct research on various agroforestry practices and systems applicable in Oregon and internationally. OSU faculty also collaborate on agroforestry development projects around the world focused on topics like education, watershed management, and poverty alleviation.
1. The group discussed prioritizing deforestation alerts from Global Forest Watch by filtering them based on areas of high conservation importance for biodiversity, like key biodiversity areas, intact forests, and sites for endangered species.
2. They proposed three options - filtering by ecoregions, mapping sites of range rarity as a continuous layer, or allowing users to select layers like protected areas, tiger habitats, and ape sites.
3. Integrating biodiversity data into Global Forest Watch could help conservation groups and governments better target responses to deforestation alerts in the most critical areas for nature. However, challenges may include refining models and maps
Forest Dependence, Livelihoods and Poverty - Class AssigmentAshish Bharadwaj
Importance of Forests is globally recognized not only as important source of subsistence, employment, revenue earnings, raw materials to a number of industries but also for their vital role in ecological balance, environmental stability, biodiversity conservation, food security and sustainable development of a country Deforestation per se is not a problem and in fact may be a necessary condition for economic development. Unsustainable deforestation activities, however, result in environmental degradation.
Accounting for watershed management services in the forest reserves of osun s...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the contributions of forest reserves in Osun State, Nigeria to watershed management. The study examined the relationship between declines in forest area and water supply, assessed the perceived value of forest watershed services using contingent valuation methods, and estimated a total economic value of watershed services provided by forests. Key findings were that there was a strong relationship between forest area and water supply, the mean willingness to pay for watershed services was estimated to be ₦3,623.29 per person, and the total estimated value of forest watershed services in Osun State was ₦12.40 billion. The research concluded that accounting for the value of watershed services can enhance sustainability decisions
Diversity and species composition of mangroves species in Pilar, Siargao Isla...Innspub Net
Mangroves are considered as the most significant components of the coastal ecosystem and among the most productive and biologically complex ecosystems on the planet. Assessment of mangrove species plays a critical role in the preservation and protection of the mangroves forest. The study aimed to assess the mangrove species in Pilar, Siargao Island. The belt transect was employed with a dimension of modified 10 m x 12 m and was installed per quadrat. Eight mangrove species were identified under four families, and these are B. sexanguela, C. decandra, R. apiculata, R. mucronata, A. alba, A. marina, L. littorea, and X. granatum. One species, C. decandra is categorized by the IUCN as a near-threatened state. Results from the mangroves vegetation structure show that R. apiculata got the highest relative frequency (26.32%), density (35.46%), and dominance (55.08%) therefore; it has the highest importance value (116.85%). This further implies that R. apiculata is the most important and acclimated mangrove species in the study area. The species diversity in Pilar, Siargao Island falls under very low diversity (H’=1.63) which might be attributed to some human-related disturbances. Thus, further consideration in future planning and conservation to increase the resiliency of the mangrove ecosystem is needed.
Forests cover a third of our planet's land.
They provide raw materials, maintain biodiversity, protect land and water resources, and play a role in climate change mitigation.
Forests are heavily exploited, but important efforts are being made to use and manage them more sustainably.
What is the current state of the world's forests?
India has made progress stabilizing forest cover but still faces issues of degradation. Degradation impacts livelihoods of millions and is linked to lack of community forest rights. Key drivers are demand-supply gaps of forest products, encroachments, shifting cultivation, fires, and forest diversion. Underlying causes include population growth, poverty, and skewed development that has displaced people from village commons without compensation, putting pressure on forests. India's past forest policies prioritized exploitation over local community needs. Assessing India's readiness for REDD+ requires examining policies, tenure, cross-sector links, institutions, and technical capacity.
While forests provide essential resources and renewable energy, deforestation is a major global problem that increases the risks of climate change. Demand for wood products is rising, contributing to over 4% of global trade. Deforestation destroys animal habitats and reduces atmospheric oxygen. The main driver of deforestation is clearing land for agriculture and development, as cities and populations grow. Efforts to end deforestation could generate economic benefits up to $80 million by restoring forests, while preserving resources, habitats, and a stable climate.
Wageningen UR is a unique chain of knowledge in the Netherlands that spans from academic to applied research. It focuses on plant and animal sciences, agricultural sciences, and ecology and environment. The SENSOR project developed an ex-ante sustainability impact assessment tool for land use changes in the European Union. The tool evaluates impacts on economic, environmental, and social aspects using land use functions and indicators. It provides information to policymakers to help anticipate the effects of their policies and support more sustainable decision making.
Carbon stock assessment of the undisturbed forest in the heavily mined Island...Open Access Research Paper
Forest serves as a significant carbon sink that helps minimize carbon concentrations in the atmosphere through the process of carbon sequestration. The purpose of this study was to determine the total carbon storage of the forest reserve area in Nonoc Island, Surigao City, as one of the areas in Surigao del Norte facing threats of forest degradation from mining and anthropogenic activities. Non-destructive and destructive sampling methods were used to determine the total aboveground (TAG) and belowground (BG) biomass density (BD) and carbon stock of the natural forest’s various carbon pools. Results revealed a total BD of 606Mg ha-1 composed of 484Mg ha-1 TAG while BG is 122Mg ha-1. The forest has an estimated carbon stock value of 368Mg ha-1. Artocarpus blancoi has the highest carbon stock value of 41Mg ha-1 among the 19 species of trees recorded in the area. This implies that the Nonoc Island Forest reserve stored a significant amount of carbon, similar to the reports of other natural forests in the country that may help reduce carbon concentration. As a result, this study would like to recommend preserving and improving the island’s remaining forest areas, not only for forest resource conservation but also for climate change mitigation measures.
The document summarizes the INFORM project, which established a knowledge base for assessing and monitoring sustainable forest management in Greece. The project created spatial analysis tools, established a National Forest Governance Council to represent stakeholders, and developed databases on indicators related to forest area, growth, biodiversity, management, and socioeconomics. Impact evaluation models were used to analyze policy options and their environmental, socioeconomic, and institutional effects to support sustainable forest governance decisions.
CIFOR/ICRAF sloping lands in transition (SLANT) projectCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation informs viewers about the CIFOR SLANT project including its objectives and goal, current activities and the structure of the partnership.
The document discusses key topics in environmental studies including the components of the environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. It describes the layers of the atmosphere and issues like pollution, biodiversity loss, natural resource depletion. Forests are described as important natural resources that provide various ecosystem services but are threatened due to overexploitation through activities like logging, mining and construction. Sustainable management of forests and other resources is needed to address growing environmental challenges.
The document discusses environmental zoning for biodiversity conservation in Lawaan, Eastern Samar, Philippines. It analyzed the area's biodiversity using ecological and social criteria through surveys and GIS mapping. Three zones were identified - very critical, critical, and less critical - based on biodiversity index values across elevation gradients. The study found that concentric zoning could lead to lower elevation extinction, and proposed environmental zoning as a new biodiversity conservation paradigm for the area.
An Introduction to BSc. Natural Resource Management and BSc Aquaculture Eric Kumeh Mensah
The presentation gives an insight on the requirements needed to read the course. It also mentions some courses that one will study during the program. It highlights job opportunities as well.
Forests are cut, temperatures rise and biodiversity is lost. The poor become poorer and indigenous cultures disappear. With the rise in temperatures, fires increase, droughts lengthen, floods spread, and pests and diseases affecting livestock and plants adapt and multiply. What many are calling a 'perfect storm' gathers strength and the impact rolls across the developing world from the forests to the farms to the atmosphere. This scenario stems in large measure from the poor management of our forests, trees and wild genetic resources.
The CGIAR research program outlined in this presentation brings together four of the world's leading research centres in their respective subjects - the World Agroforestry Centre, CIFOR, CIAT and Bioversity - and channels them toward a clear objective: enhancing the management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree genetic resources across the landscape from forests to farms.
Paul D. Anderson - Trends in Early Seral Forest at the Stand and Landscape Sc...Ecoshare
The document discusses trends in silvicultural practices and their influence on early-seral forest conditions. It describes how practices have evolved from custodial management pre-World War II, to production forestry focusing on clearcutting through the 20th century, to current ecosystem management with broader objectives. Current research emphasizes alternatives to clearcutting, thinning practices, and restoration. The quality of early-seral forests produced by different silvicultural approaches remains an important area of study.
Beyond mitigation: forest-based adaptation to climate changeCIFOR-ICRAF
Forests and climate change adaptation are linked in two ways: first, through
adaptation for forests, because climate change will affect forests and so
they need help to adapt; second, through forests for adaptation, because
forests contribute to helping local communities and broader society adapt to
climate change. Both linkages are explored in this presentation, together
with the synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation in
forestry projects. The possibilities and challenges in these ideas are
explored by using wetlands as a case in point. CIFOR and CIRAD scientist
Bruno Locatelli and colleague Emilia Pramova gave this presentation at the
FAO-UNEP Meeting on Forests and Climate Change Adaptation in Asia during October 2011 in Bangkok, Thailand.
3R Environmental considerations
SUSWA K-Ex, Kajiado, 31 October 2012
Luuk Fleskens
Water source site management
Wider environmental management
Resource use patterns
Diversification of sources and uses
The document discusses the value of nature and ecosystems. It provides examples showing that losses to natural capital such as forests, freshwater, and biodiversity represent a significant percentage of GDP in some countries like Bihar, Himachal, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh. Maintaining and restoring ecosystems can help mitigate climate change and support adaptation. Examples are given of coral reefs and tropical forests which store large amounts of carbon.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
1. TRENDS IN HIGHER
EDUCATION RELATED TO
FORESTRY AND NATURAL
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Terry L. Sharik Robert J. William W.
Lilieholm Richardson
Great Lakes Forest Industry, Products and Resources
Summit
Keshena, WI, June 7, 2012
2. Undergraduate Enrollments in Natural
Resources by Region for NAUFRP
Institutions, 1980-2009
Similar
trends
across all
regions
Peaks in
early 1980s
& mid 1990s
Increasing
since 2005-
2006
Overall
decrease of
13% since
1980
5. Undergraduate Enrollments in Natural Resources
by Field of Study for NAUFRP Institutions, 1980-
2009
―Natural
Resources &
Environment‖
eclipsing
more
traditional
programs
9. FAEIS natural resources CIP codes by area
ACADEMIC AREA #/NAME CIPS NAME
22 Fisheries and Wildlife 3.0301 Fishing and Fisheries Sciences and Management
3.0601 Wildlife, Fish and Wildlands Science and Management
26.0709 Wildlife Biology
25 Forestry 3.0501 Forestry, General
3.0502 Forest Sciences and Biology
3.0506 Forest Management/Forest Resources Management
3.0508 Urban Forestry
3.051 Forest Resources Production and Management
3.0511 Forest Technology/Technician
3.0599 Forestry, Other
14.3401 Forest Engineering
31 Natural Resources Conservation and Management 3.0101 Natural Resources/Conservation, General
3.0199 Natural Resources Conservation and Research, Other
3.0201 Natural Resources Management and Policy
3.0204 Natural Resource Economics
3.0206 Land Use Planning and Management/Development
3.0299 Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other
3.9999 Natural Resources and Conservation, Other
26.1307 Conservation Biology
32 Watershed Science and Management 3.0205 Water, Wetlands, and Marine Resources Management
14.0805 Water Resources Engineering
40.0605 Hydrology and Water Resources Science
39 Natural Resources Recreation 3.0207 Natural Resource Recreation and Tourism
3.0208 Natural Resources Law Enforcement and Protective Services
31.0301 Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management
31.0399 Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, Other
109 Wood Science/Products 3.0509 Wood Science and Wood Products/Pulp and Paper Technology
110 Range Science and Management 1.1106 Range Science and Management
113 Environmental Science and Studies 3.0103 Environmental Studies
3.0104 Environmental Science
26.1305 Environmental Biology
10. Proportion of undergraduates enrolled in natural
resources in Colleges of Natural Resources at NAUFRP
institutions by academic area, 2010 (FAEIS 2012)
Data: Enrollment, Multi-Year Dataset $ Program Area: Natural Resources and Conservation $ Organization: NAUFRP $ College Type: Forestry and
Natural Resources $ Degrees: Baccalaureate $ Year: 2009, 2010 $ Report Date: January 27, 2012 $ Prepared by: Bill Richardson billrich@vt.edu $
Note: 60 institutions and 28 disciplines
11. Baccalaureate enrollment in natural resources by
academic area in Colleges of Natural Resources at
NAUFRP institutions, 2005-2010
Prepared by: Bill Richardson, FAEIS billrich@vt.edu February 14, 2012 $ Data: Enrollment, Multi-Year Dataset $ Program Area: Natural Resources and Conservation $
Organization: NAUFRP $ College Type: Forestry and Natural Resources $ Degrees: Baccalaureate $ Year: 2005 to 2010 $ Note: 63 institutions and 29 disciplines
12. Factors Affecting Overall Tends in Natural
Resource Enrollments
Complex
(multivariate)
Trends differ
from overall
higher ed
enrollments
(which track
the total
population
over age 16)
13. Political Party of U.S. President, and Political Control of
Congress and Supreme Court, 1979 to 2010
14. Changing Values: Survey of College
Freshman—Idealism to Materialism
U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Statistical Abstract. Table 276 - College Freshman--Summary Characteristics
http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/education/higher_education_institutions_and_enrollment.html
Source: The Higher Education Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA,
The American Freshman: National Norms, annual.
15. Gallup poll: environmental protection vs.
economic growth, 1984 to 2011
With which one of
these statements
about the
environment and
the economy do
you most agree --
[ROTATED:
protection of the
environment
should be given
priority, even at the
risk of curbing
economic growth
(or) economic
growth should be
given priority, even
if the environment
suffers to some
extent]?
16. Reasons for Especially Sharp Declines
in Forestry Enrollments
Diversification of degree offerings in Natural Resources Colleges (demand-driven).
Changing public values towards forests (shift from utilitarian/economic view, to a
broader array of ecosystem values) (Xu & Bengston 1991, MEA 2005).
Public association of forestry with the utilitarian/economic perspective (Wellman
1987, Luckert 2006, Sharik & Frisk 2011).
Professional association of forestry with specialization in managing wood resources.
Not attractive to females and minorities.
Inflexible curricula bound by accreditation standards compared to other natural
resource fields (especially regarding transfer students).
Shift in hiring practices in federal agencies toward natural resource generalists.
Declining (tree) harvest levels on National Forests – a resource typically managed by
foresters.
17. Negative Image of Forestry--Global
USA: ―Low gender diversity in the workforce and concerns over a
negative public image of forestry were also cited as sources of
hesitancy (by forestry majors) to matriculating in a forestry program‖
(Sharik 2008).
CANADA: ―….the forestry schools will join forces with the broader
forestry community to enhance the image of the forest sector and
the forestry profession‖ (Smith 2008).
ASIA PACIFIC: ―…..there is a renewed interest from (forestry)
professionals seeking to move to a career which is more
environmentally oriented or directed to the public good…..‖ (Kennan
and Kanowski 2008).
LATIN AMERICA: ―The academic improvement of the forest
professional, and his image in the society, constitutes one of the
greatest challenges of RELAFOR.‖ (Latin American Forestry
Education Network) (Encinas 2008)
22. Attributes of people in the work force holding undergraduate
degrees in major groups of study from U.S. colleges based on
2009 data. Listed in order of median wages (Carnevale et al.
2011)
%
Earnings Full-
% Boost time
Obtaining from Work
Median % of All Graduate Graduate Status Employment Female White
Major Group Wages Majors Degree Degree (%) (%) (%) (%)
Engineering $75,000 8.2 37 32 93 94 16 71
Computers and mathematics $70,000 5.1 32 31 91 94 31 67
Business $60,000 2.5 21 40 90 95 45 76
Health $60,000 6.9 31 50 77 98 85 73
Physical sciences $59,000 2.8 48 70 86 95 42 74
Social science $55,000 6.9 40 57 86 94 47 75
Agriculture and natural resources $50,000 1.6 27 35 90 96 30 90
Communications and journalism $50,000 5.9 20 25 82 94 64 81
Industrial arts and consumer services $50,000 1.6 20 35 84 95 35 83
Law and public policy $50,000 2.3 24 45 90 95 41 72
Biology and life science $50,000 3.5 54 101 81 95 55 76
Humanities and liberal arts $47,000 9.7 41 48 80 93 58 80
Arts $44,000 4.6 23 23 76 92 61 81
Education $42,000 10.6 44 33 82 96 77 82
Psychology and social work $42,000 5.4 45 43 79 94 74 76
(Carnevale et al. 2011)
23. Various attributes of people in the work force holding undergraduate degrees in
Forestry and Natural Resource Management compared to other majors in
Agriculture and Natural Resources from U.S. colleges, based on 2009 data
(Carnevale et al. 2011).
Earnings
Boost
Percent of % from Full-time Female Male
Major Median Obtaining Graduate Work Employ- Median Median
Group Earnings Graduate Degree Status ed Female Earnings Earnings White
(rank) ($, rank) Degree (%, rank) (%, rank) (%, rank) (%, rank) ($, rank) ($, rank) (%, rank)
Agriculture and
Natural
Resources Major
Group* 100 50,000 27 35 90 96 30 40,000 55,000 90
50,000 60,000
Forestry 11 (6) 60,000 (2) 26 (6) 15 (8) 92 (2) 97 (2) 17 (10) (2) (2) 93 (1)
Natural
Resources 43,000 53,000
Management 14 (4) 50,000 (3) 28 (5) 45 (2) 88 (5) 95 (4) 33 (4) (3) (3) 92 (2)
(Carnevale et al. 2011)
*Includes Agricultural Economics, Agriculture Production and Management, Animal Sciences, Food
Sciences, Forestry, General Agriculture, Miscellaneous Agriculture, Natural Resources Management, Plant
Sciences and Agronomy, and Soil Science.
24. Attributes of people in the work force holding undergraduate degrees in U. S. Census Bureau fields of study that are
represented in natural resource academic programs at NAUFRP institutions in the U.S., based on 2009 data.
Percent Percent Wage Percent
Obtaining Boost from Wage Boost from Percent Female Male
Median Median Graduate Master’s Doctorate Full-time Median Median
Age2 Wages2 Degree Degree1 Degree1 Work Percent Wages2 Wages2 Percent
Major $ Male Female Male Female Male Female Status 2,3 Female2 $ $ White
GEOSCIENCES n=142 44 55,000 67% 54% 42% 14% 78% 64% 90% 31% 43,700 60,000 84%
FORESTRY n=795 51 53,000 27% 36% 11% -4% 55% 55% 87% 13% 50,000 54,000 96%
GEOLOGY AND EARTH
SCIENCE n=1688
48 52,000 45% 50% 25% 62% 73% 19% 85% 23% 37,000 60,000 92%
GEOGRAPHY n=1408 41 48,000 31% 34% 36% 19% 42% 46% 84% 30% 38,500 55,000 91%
SOIL SCIENCE n=79 50 48,000 36% 42% 18% 140% 160% -28% 84% 29% 20,800 60,000 94%
PLANT SCIENCE AND
AGRONOMY n=935
47 45,000 26% 25% 16% 28% 73% 33% 87% 26% 32,000 50,000 94%
NATURAL RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT n=1001
40 45,000 25% 35% 43% 29% 67% 33% 85% 29% 35,000 48,900 95%
ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE n=1265
34 42,000 28% 35% 40% 45% 79% 43% 81% 42% 32,500 50,000 90%
ECOLOGY n=580 35 35,500 40% 37% 22% 67% 182% 103% 79% 56% 28,800 49,000 93%
PHYSICAL FITNESS,
PARKS, RECREATION, 34 35,000 25% 26% 38% 58% 123% 80% 75% 48% 30,000 40,000 88%
AND LEISURE n=3868
1 Above Median Bachelor’s Wages Source: U.S. Census, 2009 ACS 1 year PUMS
2 Based on Individuals with Only Bachelor’s Degree W. Lindquist
3 Individuals working an average of more than 35 hours per week during past 12 months. Utah State University
RED text denotes n < 16 October 22, 2011
28. Undergraduate fall enrollment in all fields of study by
race/ethnic group as a percentage of 18- to 24-year-old
population in each group, 2000-2009
29. minority
enrollment in
natural resources
programs at
NAUFRP
institutions, 2005-
2010
Data: Enrollment, Multi-Year Dataset
Program Area: Natural Resources and
Conservation
Organization: NAUFRP
College Type: Forestry and Natural
Resources
Degrees: Baccalaureate
Year: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
Report Date: January 27, 2012
Prepared by: Bill Richardson billrich@vt.edu
Note: 63 institutions and 29 disciplines
30. Baccalaureate enrollment in natural resources in Colleges of Natural Resources
at NAUFRP institutions*
Ethnicity 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Undergraduate Caucasian 13823 15663 15939 16321 16904 17250
460 602 692 725 831 1120
minority enrollment in Hispanic
Asian 203 421 533 609 648 717
149 295 368 392 347 321
natural resources Black
Native American 199 208 214 226 250 228
programs at Native Hawaiian
Total
31
14865
15
17204
14
17760
16
18289
30
19010
38
19674
NAUFRP institutions, Total Minorities
Total Percent Minorities
1042
7.01%
1541
8.96%
1821
10.25%
1968
10.76%
2106
11.08%
2424
12.32%
2005-2010 Hispanic
Asian
3.09%
1.37%
3.50%
2.45%
3.90%
3.00%
3.96%
3.33%
4.37%
3.41%
5.69%
3.64%
Black 1.00% 1.71% 2.07% 2.14% 1.83% 1.63%
Native American 0.21% 0.09% 0.08% 0.09% 0.16% 0.19%
Institutions Contributing to Report: 63
Data: Enrollment, Multi-Year Dataset
Program Area: Natural Resources and
Conservation
Organization: NAUFRP
College Type: Forestry and Natural
Resources
Degrees: Baccalaureate
Year: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
Report Date: January 27, 2012
Prepared by: Bill Richardson billrich@vt.edu
Note: 63 institutions and 29 disciplines
*Unspecified minority excluded
31. Baccalaureate enrollment in natural resources programs
at NAUFRP institutions by ethnicity and academic areas
of study, 2010
Data: Enrollment, Multi-Year Dataset $ Program Area: Natural Resources and Conservation $ Organization: NAUFRP $ College Type: Forestry and
Natural Resources $ Degrees: Baccalaureate $ Year: 2009, 2010 $ Report Date: January 27, 2012 $ Prepared by: Bill Richardson billrich@vt.edu $
Note: 60 institutions and 28 disciplines
32. Ethnicity in undergraduate enrollment in natural resources in
Colleges of Natural Resources at NAUFRP institutions (excluding
unknown ethnicity and non-US citizens), 2010
Ethnicity in undergraduate enrollment in natural resources in Colleges of Natural Resources
at NAUFRP institutions (excluding unknown ethnicity and non-US citizens), 2010
Native Native Unspec. PERCEN
Caucasian Black Asian Hispanic American Hawaiian Minority TOTAL T
Areas
Fisheries and Wildlife 5095 64 66 280 68 3 88 5664 28.4%
Natural Resources Conservation and Manage. 3497 57 204 277 49 20 48 4152 20.8%
Environmental Science and Studies 2978 83 356 301 34 8 58 3818 19.1%
Forestry 3050 19 40 134 48 5 57 3353 16.8%
Natural Resources Recreation 1854 77 32 93 8 2 34 2100 10.5%
Wood Science/Products 360 15 16 12 2 5 410 2.1%
Range Science and Management 329 5 1 21 19 2 377 1.9%
Watershed Science and Management 87 1 2 2 0 0 1 93 0.5%
Total 17250 321 717 1120 228 38 293 19967
PERCENT 86.4% 1.6% 3.6% 5.6% 1.1% 0.2% 1.5%
% % % % % Native % Native % Unspec.
Caucasian Black Asian Hispanic American Hawaiian Minority
Watershed Science and Management 93.5% 1.1% 2.2% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1%
Forestry 91.0% 0.6% 1.2% 4.0% 1.4% 0.1% 1.7%
Fisheries and Wildlife 90.0% 1.1% 1.2% 4.9% 1.2% 0.1% 1.6%
Natural Resources Recreation 88.3% 3.7% 1.5% 4.4% 0.4% 0.1% 1.6%
Wood Science/Products 87.8% 3.7% 3.9% 2.9% 0.5% 0.0% 1.2%
Range Science and Management 87.3% 1.3% 0.3% 5.6% 5.0% 0.0% 0.5%
Natural Resources Conservation and
Management 84.2% 1.4% 4.9% 6.7% 1.2% 0.5% 1.2%
Environmental Science and Studies 78.0% 2.2% 9.3% 7.9% 0.9% 0.2% 1.5%
Data: Enrollment, Multi-Year Dataset $ Program Area: Natural Resources and Conservation $ Organization: NAUFRP $ College Type: Forestry and Natural Resources $
Degrees: Baccalaureate $ Year: 2009, 2010 $ Report Date: January 27, 2012 $ Prepared by: Bill Richardson billrich@vt.edu $ Note: 60 institutions and 28 disciplines
33. FAEIS baccalaureate enrollment in NR/Conservation as
a percentage of 18- to 24-year-old population in each
group by race/ethnicity, 2005-2009
34. Degrees awarded in Natural Resources and
Conservation at tribal institutions, 2002-
2010
35. Degrees awarded in Natural Resources and
Conservation as a percent of total degrees awarded at
tribal institutions,
2002-2010
36. Conclusions
Enrollments have varied significantly across time,
but overall have not increased since 1980.
Trends experienced across all U.S. regions.
Reasons for changes in NR enrollments over time
are complex, likely involving a number of
demographic, economic & social factors.
NAUFRP institutions and public & private sector
employers need a better understanding of the
factors affecting:
Undergraduate & graduate enrollments
Job & career opportunities, both now and over the
long-term
37. Conclusions--continued
Under-representation of minorities in natural
resources is a particularly critical issue.
38. Pertinent References
Luckert, M.K. 2006. Has the myth of the omnipotent forester become the reality of the impotent forester?
Journal of Forestry 104: 299-306.
MEA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment). 2005. Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis. Island Press:
Washington, D. C.
Sharik, T.L. and S. Frisk. 2008. Reasons and reservations for enrolling in forestry degree programs: A survey of
undergraduate students. 7th Biennial Conference on University Education in Natural Resources, March 15-17,
2008, Corvallis, OR. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8512.
Sharik, T. L. 2008. Forestry education today and tomorrow: A national perspective. Western Forester 53 (6): 1-
3.
Sharik, T. L. and R. J. Lilieholm. 2012. A national perspective on forestry education. Western Forester 57 (2): 1-
5.
U. S. Department of Education. 2010. Digest of Education Statistics, 2008. Total undergraduate fall enrollment in
degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex of student, and control of institution: 1967 through 2007.
http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/do8/tables/dt08_205.asp.
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010. http://www.bls.gov/cps/demographics.htm#age
Sharik, T.L. and S. Frisk. 2011. Student perspectives on enrolling in undergraduate forestry degree programs in
the U.S. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 40: 160-166.
Xu, Z. and D.N. Bengston. 1997. Trends in national forest values among forestry professionals,
environmentalists, and the news media. Society and Natural Resources 10: 43-59.
Wellman, J.D. 1987. Images of a profession: Forestry is something of a mystery to college-bound students.
Journal of Forestry 85: 18-19.
39. Acknowledgements
Wanda Lindquist
R.A., Programmer, Graphic Illustration
USU Department of Wildland Resources
40. Contact Information
Terry L. Sharik
Professor of Forest Ecology
Departments of Wildland Resources and Environment and Society
College of Natural Resources
Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230
Email: terry.sharik@usu.edu
http://www.cnr.usu.edu/wild/htm/faculty-staff/memberID=833
Robert J. Lilieholm
E.L. Giddings Associate Professor of Forest Policy
The University of Maine, School of Forest Resources
243 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5755
Email: roblilieholm@gmail.com
http://www.forest.umaine.edu/faculty-staff/directory/rob-lilieholm/
41. Contact Information
William W. Richardson
Project Manager
USDA Food, Agriculture and Education Information System (FAEIS)
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Virginia Tech (0198)
400 Turner Street #102
Blacksburg, VA 24061
Email: billrich@vt.edu
http://faeis.usda.gov