The document discusses COBOL data structures and how to define group items, elementary items, and move data between them. It also covers accepting and displaying data using COBOL verbs like MOVE, DISPLAY, and ACCEPT.
The document discusses tree data structures and binary trees. It provides definitions for key tree terminology like root, child, parent, leaf nodes, and discusses tree traversal methods like preorder, inorder, and postorder traversal. It also covers implementing binary trees using linked lists and building binary search trees with functions for insertion, searching, and deletion of nodes.
In this tutorial, we learn to create variables in R. Followed by that, we explore the different data types including numeric, integer, character, logical and date/time.
The document discusses ambiguous and unambiguous context-free grammars (CFGs). CFGs are classified as ambiguous if a string has two or more possible parse trees, and unambiguous otherwise. Several examples are provided to illustrate ambiguous grammars that have multiple derivations for strings, such as grammars generating expressions. Unambiguous grammars are also exemplified, including one for the language of strings with a's. The document concludes with references for further reading on ambiguity in grammars and automata theory.
Syntax-Directed Translation into Three Address Codesanchi29
The document discusses syntax-directed translation of code into three-address code. It defines semantic rules for generating three-address code for expressions, boolean expressions, and control flow statements. Temporary variables are generated for subexpressions and intermediate values. The semantic rules specify generating three-address code statements using temporary variables. Backpatching is also discussed as a technique to replace symbolic names in goto statements with actual addresses after code generation.
The document discusses intermediate code generation in compilers. It aims to generate a machine-independent intermediate form (IR) that is suitable for optimization and portability. The IR facilitates retargeting compilers to new machines and enables machine-independent code optimization. Common IR representations include abstract syntax trees, directed acyclic graphs, control flow graphs, postfix notation, and three-address code. Three-address code is a simple representation where instructions have at most three operands. It allows efficient code manipulation and optimization.
A parser is a program component that breaks input data into smaller elements according to the rules of a formal grammar. It builds a parse tree representing the syntactic structure of the input based on these grammar rules. There are two main types of parsers: top-down parsers start at the root of the parse tree and work downward, while bottom-up parsers start at the leaves and work upward. Parser generators use attributes like First and Follow to build parsing tables for predictive parsers like LL(1) parsers, which parse input from left to right based on a single lookahead token.
INTRODUCTION
Relational Query Languages
Formal Query Languages
Introduction to relational algebra
Set Operators Join operator
Aggregate functions, Grouping
Relational Calculus concepts
Introduction to Structured Query Language (SQL)
Features of SQL, DDL Statements
Get Functional on the CLR: Intro to Functional Programming with F# David Alpert
The document introduces functional programming concepts and the F# programming language. It aims to help readers disambiguate functional programming, demystify F# syntax, demonstrate .NET interoperability, and experiment with basic F# functions and data structures. The document provides an overview of functional programming principles, compares F# and C# syntax, demonstrates rapid prototyping using F# Interactive, and shows how to create and test F# libraries from C#.
The document discusses tree data structures and binary trees. It provides definitions for key tree terminology like root, child, parent, leaf nodes, and discusses tree traversal methods like preorder, inorder, and postorder traversal. It also covers implementing binary trees using linked lists and building binary search trees with functions for insertion, searching, and deletion of nodes.
In this tutorial, we learn to create variables in R. Followed by that, we explore the different data types including numeric, integer, character, logical and date/time.
The document discusses ambiguous and unambiguous context-free grammars (CFGs). CFGs are classified as ambiguous if a string has two or more possible parse trees, and unambiguous otherwise. Several examples are provided to illustrate ambiguous grammars that have multiple derivations for strings, such as grammars generating expressions. Unambiguous grammars are also exemplified, including one for the language of strings with a's. The document concludes with references for further reading on ambiguity in grammars and automata theory.
Syntax-Directed Translation into Three Address Codesanchi29
The document discusses syntax-directed translation of code into three-address code. It defines semantic rules for generating three-address code for expressions, boolean expressions, and control flow statements. Temporary variables are generated for subexpressions and intermediate values. The semantic rules specify generating three-address code statements using temporary variables. Backpatching is also discussed as a technique to replace symbolic names in goto statements with actual addresses after code generation.
The document discusses intermediate code generation in compilers. It aims to generate a machine-independent intermediate form (IR) that is suitable for optimization and portability. The IR facilitates retargeting compilers to new machines and enables machine-independent code optimization. Common IR representations include abstract syntax trees, directed acyclic graphs, control flow graphs, postfix notation, and three-address code. Three-address code is a simple representation where instructions have at most three operands. It allows efficient code manipulation and optimization.
A parser is a program component that breaks input data into smaller elements according to the rules of a formal grammar. It builds a parse tree representing the syntactic structure of the input based on these grammar rules. There are two main types of parsers: top-down parsers start at the root of the parse tree and work downward, while bottom-up parsers start at the leaves and work upward. Parser generators use attributes like First and Follow to build parsing tables for predictive parsers like LL(1) parsers, which parse input from left to right based on a single lookahead token.
INTRODUCTION
Relational Query Languages
Formal Query Languages
Introduction to relational algebra
Set Operators Join operator
Aggregate functions, Grouping
Relational Calculus concepts
Introduction to Structured Query Language (SQL)
Features of SQL, DDL Statements
Get Functional on the CLR: Intro to Functional Programming with F# David Alpert
The document introduces functional programming concepts and the F# programming language. It aims to help readers disambiguate functional programming, demystify F# syntax, demonstrate .NET interoperability, and experiment with basic F# functions and data structures. The document provides an overview of functional programming principles, compares F# and C# syntax, demonstrates rapid prototyping using F# Interactive, and shows how to create and test F# libraries from C#.
This document discusses backpatching and syntax-directed translation for boolean expressions and flow-of-control statements. It describes using three functions - Makelist, Marklist, and Backpatch - to generate code with backpatching during a single pass. Boolean expressions are translated by constructing syntax trees and associating semantic actions to record quadruple indices for later backpatching. Flow-of-control statements like IF and WHILE are handled similarly, using marker nonterminals to record quadruple numbers for backpatching statement lists.
This document discusses postfix notation for evaluating mathematical expressions. It begins by explaining that postfix notation, also called reverse polish notation, writes operators after their operands. It then covers the precedence of operators in postfix notation and the fundamental principles of evaluating a postfix expression using a stack. Key advantages of postfix notation are that operator precedence is unnecessary and the order of evaluation is determined by the position of operators and operands. An example is provided to demonstrate how to manually evaluate a postfix expression step-by-step using a stack.
This document discusses recursive descent parsing and how to implement it using a top-down parsing technique. It explains that recursive descent parsing involves defining a procedure for each non-terminal symbol that recursively calls other procedures. Backtracking may be required if the first production tried does not match the input. The document provides pseudocode for the procedure for a non-terminal and examples of parsing the strings "cad" and "cabd" using a grammar with productions S->cAd and A->ab|a. It concludes that this implements recursive descent parsing with backtracking.
The document discusses different representations of intermediate code in compilers, including high-level and low-level intermediate languages. High-level representations like syntax trees and DAGs depict the structure of the source program, while low-level representations like three-address code are closer to the target machine. Common intermediate code representations discussed are postfix notation, three-address code using quadruples/triples, and syntax trees.
The document discusses various topics related to compiler design including ambiguous grammar, leftmost and rightmost derivations, infix and postfix notation, and implementations of three-address code. It provides examples of ambiguous grammar in C and describes leftmost and rightmost derivations in parsing. It also compares infix, postfix and prefix notation for mathematical expressions and describes converting between the notations. Finally, it discusses different implementations of three-address code including using quadruples, triples and indirect triples.
The document discusses stacks and queues as data structures. It begins by providing an introduction to stacks, describing them as linear data structures that follow the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. It then discusses various stack operations like push, pop, and peep using both array-based and linked implementations. The document also covers topics like multiple stacks, infix/postfix/prefix notation, and algorithms for converting infix to postfix notation and evaluating postfix expressions.
1.History of C Language, Structure of a C program, Statements, Basic Data Types, Variables &Constants, Input & Output statements, Operators and Precedence, Expressions, Simple C programs.
This document summarizes key topics in intermediate code generation including:
- Variants of syntax trees like DAGs to represent common subexpressions.
- Three-address code where each instruction has at most three operands.
- Type checking declarations and expressions during translation.
- Generating three-address code for control flow statements using techniques like backpatching to resolve symbolic labels.
Back patching is a technique used to solve the problem of replacing symbolic names in goto statements with actual target addresses during compilation. It involves maintaining a list of branches that target the same labels and replacing the labels once they are defined. Three address code represents program statements using three operands, where each statement performs one operation and stores the result in a temporary variable or location. The various data structures used for implementing symbol tables include linear lists, binary trees, and hash tables.
VTU 1ST SEM PROGRAMMING IN C & DATA STRUCTURES SOLVED PAPERS OF JUNE-2015 & ...vtunotesbysree
The document contains solved question papers from June 2015 and December 2015 for Programming in C & Data Structures examinations. It includes questions ranging from basic C programming concepts like data types, operators, decision making and looping statements to more advanced topics such as arrays, strings, structures, files and pointers. For each question, the relevant concept is explained and examples are provided. Solutions for some programming problems involving simple calculations, palindrome checks and file handling are also presented.
This document discusses stacks and their applications. It begins with an introduction to stacks, describing them as data structures that follow the last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle. It then outlines stack operations like push, pop, top, and describes how stacks can be implemented using arrays or linked lists. Several applications of stacks are mentioned, including parenthesis matching, expression evaluation in postfix notation, handling function calls and returns, and undo sequences. Examples are provided to illustrate postfix notation, converting infix to postfix expressions, and evaluating postfix expressions using a stack.
The document discusses syntax-directed translation and intermediate code generation in compilers. It covers syntax-directed definitions and translation schemes for associating semantic rules with context-free grammar productions. Attribute grammars are defined where semantic rules only evaluate attributes without side effects. Syntax-directed translation builds an abstract syntax tree where each node represents a language construct. Intermediate representations like postfix notation, three-address code, and quadruples are discussed for implementing syntax trees and facilitating code optimization during compilation.
This document summarizes key topics in intermediate code generation discussed in Chapter 6, including:
1) Variants of syntax trees like DAGs are introduced to share common subexpressions. Three-address code is also discussed where each instruction has at most three operands.
2) Type checking and type expressions are covered, along with translating expressions and statements to three-address code. Control flow statements like if/else are also translated using techniques like backpatching.
3) Backpatching allows symbolic labels in conditional jumps to be resolved by a later pass that inserts actual addresses, avoiding an extra pass. This and other control flow translation topics are covered.
The document discusses three-address code, which is an intermediate representation used in compilers. It describes three-address code as consisting of statements in the form of x := y op z, where x, y, and z are operands and op is an operator. There are several types of three-address statements including assignment, copy, jump, conditional jump, procedure calls, indexed assignments, and pointer assignments. Three-address code can be implemented using quadruples, triples, or indirect triples, which represent the statements using records with fields for operands and operators.
This document provides an overview of syntax analysis in compiler design. It discusses context-free grammars, top-down parsing including recursive descent and LL(1) parsing, and bottom-up parsing including LR parsing. It describes the key concepts of context-free grammars, ambiguous and unambiguous grammars. It explains top-down parsing as constructing a parse tree from the root node down and bottom-up parsing as building the tree from the leaf nodes up. It discusses the closure and goto operations used in LR parsing and describes the differences between LR(0), SLR, CLR, and LALR parsing techniques.
The document discusses the role of the parser in compiler design. It explains that the parser takes a stream of tokens from the lexical analyzer and checks if the source program satisfies the rules of the context-free grammar. If so, it creates a parse tree representing the syntactic structure. Parsers are categorized as top-down or bottom-up based on the direction they build the parse tree. The document also covers context-free grammars, derivations, parse trees, ambiguity, and techniques for eliminating left-recursion from grammars.
This topic-based on Compiler Design Subject, III B.Tech-CSE Students, Intermediate Code Generation is the 3rd module of compiler design subject, these topics totally related to the second subjective assignment of Academic Writing in Swayam online course.
The document discusses syntax-directed translation using attribute grammars. Attribute grammars assign semantic values or attributes to the symbols in a context-free grammar. A depth-first traversal of the parse tree executes semantic rules that calculate the values of attributes. There are two types of attributes: synthesized attributes which are computed bottom-up and inherited attributes which are passed top-down. L-attributed grammars allow efficient evaluation by passing inherited attributes left-to-right during a depth-first traversal.
F# is a functional programming language that can also support imperative programming. It compiles to .NET code and allows interoperability with other .NET languages. Some key features include type inference, pattern matching, immutable data structures, and support for functions as first-class values. The presentation provides examples of common F# concepts like recursion, tuples, lists, objects, and using F# for GUI programming with WinForms.
This lab introduces relationship diagrams and foreign key relationships. Students will draw an RD for tables in a sample Order Entry database to practice identifying the "one" and "many" sides of relationships based on primary and foreign keys. The RD must include 5 tables - Customer, Employee, Order, Product, and OrderLine. Students must also determine if a foreign key column should allow NULL values and identify entities and attributes from an initial project specification.
Unraveling The Meaning From COVID-19 Dataset Using Python – A Tutorial for be...Kavika Roy
The Corona Virus – COVID-19 outbreak has brought the whole world to a standstill position, with complete lock-down in several countries. Salute! To every health and security professional. Here we will attempt to perform single data analysis with COVID-19 Dataset Using Python. https://www.datatobiz.com/blog/unraveling-the-u-meaning-from-covid-19-dataset-using-python-a-tutorial-for-beginners/
This document discusses backpatching and syntax-directed translation for boolean expressions and flow-of-control statements. It describes using three functions - Makelist, Marklist, and Backpatch - to generate code with backpatching during a single pass. Boolean expressions are translated by constructing syntax trees and associating semantic actions to record quadruple indices for later backpatching. Flow-of-control statements like IF and WHILE are handled similarly, using marker nonterminals to record quadruple numbers for backpatching statement lists.
This document discusses postfix notation for evaluating mathematical expressions. It begins by explaining that postfix notation, also called reverse polish notation, writes operators after their operands. It then covers the precedence of operators in postfix notation and the fundamental principles of evaluating a postfix expression using a stack. Key advantages of postfix notation are that operator precedence is unnecessary and the order of evaluation is determined by the position of operators and operands. An example is provided to demonstrate how to manually evaluate a postfix expression step-by-step using a stack.
This document discusses recursive descent parsing and how to implement it using a top-down parsing technique. It explains that recursive descent parsing involves defining a procedure for each non-terminal symbol that recursively calls other procedures. Backtracking may be required if the first production tried does not match the input. The document provides pseudocode for the procedure for a non-terminal and examples of parsing the strings "cad" and "cabd" using a grammar with productions S->cAd and A->ab|a. It concludes that this implements recursive descent parsing with backtracking.
The document discusses different representations of intermediate code in compilers, including high-level and low-level intermediate languages. High-level representations like syntax trees and DAGs depict the structure of the source program, while low-level representations like three-address code are closer to the target machine. Common intermediate code representations discussed are postfix notation, three-address code using quadruples/triples, and syntax trees.
The document discusses various topics related to compiler design including ambiguous grammar, leftmost and rightmost derivations, infix and postfix notation, and implementations of three-address code. It provides examples of ambiguous grammar in C and describes leftmost and rightmost derivations in parsing. It also compares infix, postfix and prefix notation for mathematical expressions and describes converting between the notations. Finally, it discusses different implementations of three-address code including using quadruples, triples and indirect triples.
The document discusses stacks and queues as data structures. It begins by providing an introduction to stacks, describing them as linear data structures that follow the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. It then discusses various stack operations like push, pop, and peep using both array-based and linked implementations. The document also covers topics like multiple stacks, infix/postfix/prefix notation, and algorithms for converting infix to postfix notation and evaluating postfix expressions.
1.History of C Language, Structure of a C program, Statements, Basic Data Types, Variables &Constants, Input & Output statements, Operators and Precedence, Expressions, Simple C programs.
This document summarizes key topics in intermediate code generation including:
- Variants of syntax trees like DAGs to represent common subexpressions.
- Three-address code where each instruction has at most three operands.
- Type checking declarations and expressions during translation.
- Generating three-address code for control flow statements using techniques like backpatching to resolve symbolic labels.
Back patching is a technique used to solve the problem of replacing symbolic names in goto statements with actual target addresses during compilation. It involves maintaining a list of branches that target the same labels and replacing the labels once they are defined. Three address code represents program statements using three operands, where each statement performs one operation and stores the result in a temporary variable or location. The various data structures used for implementing symbol tables include linear lists, binary trees, and hash tables.
VTU 1ST SEM PROGRAMMING IN C & DATA STRUCTURES SOLVED PAPERS OF JUNE-2015 & ...vtunotesbysree
The document contains solved question papers from June 2015 and December 2015 for Programming in C & Data Structures examinations. It includes questions ranging from basic C programming concepts like data types, operators, decision making and looping statements to more advanced topics such as arrays, strings, structures, files and pointers. For each question, the relevant concept is explained and examples are provided. Solutions for some programming problems involving simple calculations, palindrome checks and file handling are also presented.
This document discusses stacks and their applications. It begins with an introduction to stacks, describing them as data structures that follow the last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle. It then outlines stack operations like push, pop, top, and describes how stacks can be implemented using arrays or linked lists. Several applications of stacks are mentioned, including parenthesis matching, expression evaluation in postfix notation, handling function calls and returns, and undo sequences. Examples are provided to illustrate postfix notation, converting infix to postfix expressions, and evaluating postfix expressions using a stack.
The document discusses syntax-directed translation and intermediate code generation in compilers. It covers syntax-directed definitions and translation schemes for associating semantic rules with context-free grammar productions. Attribute grammars are defined where semantic rules only evaluate attributes without side effects. Syntax-directed translation builds an abstract syntax tree where each node represents a language construct. Intermediate representations like postfix notation, three-address code, and quadruples are discussed for implementing syntax trees and facilitating code optimization during compilation.
This document summarizes key topics in intermediate code generation discussed in Chapter 6, including:
1) Variants of syntax trees like DAGs are introduced to share common subexpressions. Three-address code is also discussed where each instruction has at most three operands.
2) Type checking and type expressions are covered, along with translating expressions and statements to three-address code. Control flow statements like if/else are also translated using techniques like backpatching.
3) Backpatching allows symbolic labels in conditional jumps to be resolved by a later pass that inserts actual addresses, avoiding an extra pass. This and other control flow translation topics are covered.
The document discusses three-address code, which is an intermediate representation used in compilers. It describes three-address code as consisting of statements in the form of x := y op z, where x, y, and z are operands and op is an operator. There are several types of three-address statements including assignment, copy, jump, conditional jump, procedure calls, indexed assignments, and pointer assignments. Three-address code can be implemented using quadruples, triples, or indirect triples, which represent the statements using records with fields for operands and operators.
This document provides an overview of syntax analysis in compiler design. It discusses context-free grammars, top-down parsing including recursive descent and LL(1) parsing, and bottom-up parsing including LR parsing. It describes the key concepts of context-free grammars, ambiguous and unambiguous grammars. It explains top-down parsing as constructing a parse tree from the root node down and bottom-up parsing as building the tree from the leaf nodes up. It discusses the closure and goto operations used in LR parsing and describes the differences between LR(0), SLR, CLR, and LALR parsing techniques.
The document discusses the role of the parser in compiler design. It explains that the parser takes a stream of tokens from the lexical analyzer and checks if the source program satisfies the rules of the context-free grammar. If so, it creates a parse tree representing the syntactic structure. Parsers are categorized as top-down or bottom-up based on the direction they build the parse tree. The document also covers context-free grammars, derivations, parse trees, ambiguity, and techniques for eliminating left-recursion from grammars.
This topic-based on Compiler Design Subject, III B.Tech-CSE Students, Intermediate Code Generation is the 3rd module of compiler design subject, these topics totally related to the second subjective assignment of Academic Writing in Swayam online course.
The document discusses syntax-directed translation using attribute grammars. Attribute grammars assign semantic values or attributes to the symbols in a context-free grammar. A depth-first traversal of the parse tree executes semantic rules that calculate the values of attributes. There are two types of attributes: synthesized attributes which are computed bottom-up and inherited attributes which are passed top-down. L-attributed grammars allow efficient evaluation by passing inherited attributes left-to-right during a depth-first traversal.
F# is a functional programming language that can also support imperative programming. It compiles to .NET code and allows interoperability with other .NET languages. Some key features include type inference, pattern matching, immutable data structures, and support for functions as first-class values. The presentation provides examples of common F# concepts like recursion, tuples, lists, objects, and using F# for GUI programming with WinForms.
This lab introduces relationship diagrams and foreign key relationships. Students will draw an RD for tables in a sample Order Entry database to practice identifying the "one" and "many" sides of relationships based on primary and foreign keys. The RD must include 5 tables - Customer, Employee, Order, Product, and OrderLine. Students must also determine if a foreign key column should allow NULL values and identify entities and attributes from an initial project specification.
Unraveling The Meaning From COVID-19 Dataset Using Python – A Tutorial for be...Kavika Roy
The Corona Virus – COVID-19 outbreak has brought the whole world to a standstill position, with complete lock-down in several countries. Salute! To every health and security professional. Here we will attempt to perform single data analysis with COVID-19 Dataset Using Python. https://www.datatobiz.com/blog/unraveling-the-u-meaning-from-covid-19-dataset-using-python-a-tutorial-for-beginners/
This lab introduces relationship diagrams and has students draw diagrams for order, customer, employee, and product tables. It asks students to identify primary and foreign keys. It also asks whether null values should be allowed for the employee foreign key in orders and has students identify entities and attributes in a database project specification.
The document discusses pointers and user spaces in RPG IV. It explains that pointers contain memory addresses and allow fields to be based on and dynamically allocated based on the pointer value. Pointers are used with parameter passing, multiple occurrence data structures, C functions, dynamic memory allocation, and user spaces. The document provides examples of using pointers with parameter lists, accessing trigger buffers, and dynamic memory allocation.
This document summarizes top gotchas or issues with older Oracle database versions, providing examples of outdated syntax or features no longer supported. It covers 20 topics such as using record types for inserts, temporary tables, analytic functions, writing BLOBs to files, and limitations of DBMS_OUTPUT in earlier versions. The document aims to help users of aged Oracle databases avoid problems by being aware of limitations and using alternative approaches as needed.
This document provides an overview of the COBOL programming language. It discusses the history and structure of COBOL, including its divisions, sections, paragraphs, and statements. Key concepts covered include data types, literals, variables, declarations, and the PROCEDURE division. The document also reviews data movement and manipulation statements like MOVE, arithmetic statements, conditional statements, and more.
(More info and video at fsharpforfunandprofit.com/fourfromforty)
The 1970's were a golden age for new programming languages, but do they have any relevance to programming today? Can we still learn from them?
In this talk, we'll look at four languages designed over forty years ago -- SQL, Prolog, ML, and Smalltalk -- and discuss their philosophy and approach to programming, which is very different from most popular languages today.
We'll come away with some practical principles that are still very applicable to modern development. And you might discover your new favorite programming paradigm!
Cover PageComplete and copy the following to Word for your cover p.docxfaithxdunce63732
Cover PageComplete and copy the following to Word for your cover page. Be sure that the document is stapled properly. Do not use a plastic cover or folder.In the Footer of the Word documents, add the Now() function to show what day and time the documents were printed.Submit the Excel file to CANVAS as: lastname_firstname.xls. Hand-in the Word document immediately prior to Exam 1.Although students are encouraged to ask questions for clarification, this exercise is intended to be well within the capability of students at the 3000 level and studentsshould be able to complete the project with minimal assistance. Instructions are included on each worksheet but feel free to request clarification.ACG 3401 Accounting Information SystemsExcel AssignmentSubmitted By:Name Last: First:<-- Only use this for cover page.Spring 2015By submitting this document, I affirm that the work is the product of my own efforts withoutthe assistance of another person and that I have not given assistance to another student.<-- You must sign for the submission to be graded.Signature of student
InstructionsINSTRUCTIONS:This is an .xls file and should not be changed to another filetype in order to preserve macros.Follow the instructions on each worksheet. Copy results to MS Word and include pages numbers.The page numbers for each exercise are given below (at bottom of this worksheet).Appearance counts. Be sure that results are presented professionally and are readable.Three worksheets are data files and are referenced in the instructions. These are named Product Data, Industry Data, and Data Worksheet.Create range names for the following:Remember ranges should not include the headers (field names). Be careful to insure you have selected the entire range for that field.(Click F3 to view the range names - click these to insert to formula or you can type them in directly.)You may need to create range names other than these.From the Industry Data Worksheet, create range names for the following:1) Employees2) Sales3) Address4) Name5) State6) ZIPFrom the Data Worksheet, create range names for the following:1) Cash2) Company3) EBIT4) Eff_Tax_Rate5) Exchange6) SICCreate a range name for the entire Product Data table but include the headers. I used the name 'Product'.Tab ColorsGreenDatabases to be used.YellowExamplesBlueInstructions to perform graded exercisesWhen copying portions of the worksheet to your MS Word document, you will find the "Snipping Tool" very helpful.Checklist for Submitted Documents (Be sure that all documents are formatted properly and readable)Page No.naCover page with name and section number (stapled)ResultsFormulas1Horizontal and Vertical AnalysisYesYes2Financial Ratio Analysis - Results and Formulas.YesYes3VlookupYesYes3HLookupYesYes4DataTableYesYes4DropDown Box - Result Only.YesNo5Dfunctions - Results and Formulas.YesYes6Functions1YesYes7Functions2YesYes8Annual Income StatementYesYes9Macro.
Abstract data types are data structures defined by their behavior (semantics) rather than their implementation. They export a type and a set of operations on that type. Operations are the only way to interact with the data structure. Characteristics include exporting a type, set of operations, and operations being the only access to the type's data.
The document reviews database concepts like fields, attributes, data types, primary keys and validation rules. It provides examples of designing databases to store student information and sales data. It also discusses database objects like tables, queries, forms and reports. Entity-relationship diagrams are explained as a way to model relationships between entities like one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many. Examples are given of modeling relationships for students, forms, employees, projects and more.
This document provides information about integer and floating point files in Allen-Bradley SLC-500 and LogixPro PLCs. It discusses:
- Default and user-defined file types for integers (N7) and floating point (F8) data.
- The integer file can store 256 16-bit words of integer data. The floating point file stores non-extended 32-bit numbers in two 16-bit words each.
- Examples of addressing integers (N7:0) and floating point (F8:4) values in these files.
Kudler has plenty of room to increase sales while controlling cost.docxDIPESH30
Kudler has plenty of room to increase sales while controlling costs. The first place they should start is renegotiating the cost associated with rent in the locations where they already have stores. Since they already occupy the stores and show good payment history, they have leverage in these negotiations. They are currently paying $63,000, if they can reduce that rent by 5%, they would be saving $3,150 which is more than enough to cover their bad debts. They can also drive cost out of the business by paying back debt that has higher interest rates. Currently, Kudler is paying over $63,000 in interest while showing net income of $676,795. Some of that income should be leveraged to reduce the cost of interest. Kudler can utilize these cost controls without compromising the increase in sales.
TABLE 6
Sarah Stamm
Andrew Smith
George Denillo
Kevin Henry
Jerry Hill
7-3 What does this algorithm do?Adding 2 to the current number 10 times.
Assumptions: The user provides a positive integer.
Input:A number from user.
Output:Some result.
1. Input number from user.
2. Set count to 1.
3. While (count <= 10)
a. Set current # to # + 2
b. Set count to count + 1
4. Display current # to the screen
7-13
Create an algorithm to describe new balance after 10 transactions at new restaurant.
Assumptions: Balance never goes negative.
Step 1: Get initial balance
Step 2: Ask if there are more transactions. If not, go to step 6.
Step 3: Get transaction.
Step 4: Set balance to balance + transaction.
Step 5: Go to step 2.
Step 6: Display overall balance.
9-5
What would this SQL statement output?
Select * FROM “LOCATION”
Output: All the fields in the location table would be selected.
9-8
Which customer(s) live in Georgia (GA)? List by name.
Table name is customer, check c_state attribute to locate matching state, returns c_id # 5 (Sheila Lewis)
TABLE #5
(Emma Towe, Dieter Archer, Brian House, Davis Ruppert, Ross Bowman, Yahya Hefnawi)
MODULE 8
(8-4) Q1: What will this for loop output?
Var counter;
For(counter=7; counter >=7; counter--);
{
Document.write(“current count: “+ counter+” < br/>”);
{
Document.write(“loop stopped”);
(8-9) Q2: Create a javascript program that will convert Celsius to Fahrenheit or vice versa.
MODULE 9
(9-5) Q3: List the building code and the capacity in the location table using SQL developer.
(9-8) Q4: Create a list of all the students that live in Clermont or Carrabelle from SQL developer.
Display the S_first, S_last, and S_city
A1: Starts at 7 then decrements till -7.
A2:
var degrees;
var label;
degrees = prompt ("Please enter a temperature in degrees");
label = prompt ("Please enter 'C' for Celsius or 'F' for Fahrenheit");
if (label=="C") {
answer = ((degrees * 9/5) + 32);
document.write(degrees +" degrees C is equal to " + answer + " F");
}
else{
answer = ((degrees - 32) * 5/9);
document.write(degrees +" degrees F is equal to " + answer + " C");
}
A3: SELECT bldg_code, capacity FROM location
A4: ...
The document discusses features of object identity, the role of OIDs, value and type constructors, and provides examples of valid time tables, transaction time tables, and bitemporal tables. It also discusses creating tables with employee data and calculating salaries, and compares intelligent databases with temporal databases.
This document discusses data mining techniques in the context of the MVC model and provides examples of using SQL, including recursive queries. It describes benefits and limitations of different data mining approaches like native SQL, ORM, and SQL standards like SQL92, SQL99, and SQL2003. Examples are provided to demonstrate simple to complex SQL queries, including joining tables, unions, and excluding results. Recursive queries are explained as a way to represent hierarchical data using common table expressions.
This document discusses stacks and queues as data structures. It begins by explaining what a stack is, noting that a stack follows last-in, first-out ordering. It then provides an analogy using mail delivery to explain the stack concept. The document goes on to provide Java code examples for implementing a stack. It also gives examples of using a stack to reverse a word and check balanced parentheses. Next, the document defines queues as first-in, first-out data structures and provides Java code for implementing a queue. It concludes by explaining how stacks can be used to parse arithmetic expressions by first converting them to postfix notation.
1 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) by Melvin Ott, PhD.docxhoney725342
1
Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
by Melvin Ott, PhD
September, 2017
Introduction
The Masters in Predictive Analytics program at Northwestern University offers
graduate courses that cover predictive modeling using several software products
such as SAS, R and Python. The Predict 410 course is one of the core courses and
this section focuses on using Python.
Predict 410 will follow a sequence in the assignments. The first assignment will ask
you to perform an EDA(See Ratner1 Chapters 1&2) for the Ames Housing Data
dataset to determine the best single variable model. It will be followed by an
assignment to expand to a multivariable model. Python software for boxplots,
scatterplots and more will help you identify the single variable. However, it is easy
to get lost in the programming and lose sight of the objective. Namely, which of
the variable choices best explain the variability in the response variable?
(You will need to be familiar with the data types and level of measurement. This
will be critical in determining the choice of when to use a dummy variable for model
building. If this topic is new to you review the definitions at Types of Data before
reading further.)
This report will help you become familiar with some of the tools for EDA and allow
you to interact with the data by using links to a software product, Shiny, that will
demonstrate and interact with you to produce various plots of the data. Shiny is
located on a cloud server and will allow you to make choices in looking at the plots
for the data. Study the plots carefully. This is your initial EDA tool and leads to
your model building and your overall understanding of predictive analytics.
Single Variable Linear Regression EDA
1. Become Familiar With the Data
2
Identify the variables that are categorical and the variables that are quantitative.
For the Ames Housing Data, you should review the Ames Data Description pdf file.
2. Look at Plots of the Data
For the variables that are quantitative, you should look at scatter plots vs the
response variable saleprice. For the categorical variables, look at boxplots vs
saleprice. You have sample Python code to help with the EDA and below are some
links that will demonstrate the relationships for the a different building_prices
dataset.
For the boxplots with Shiny:
Click here
For the scatterplots with Shiny:
Click here
3. Begin Writing Python Code
Start with the shell code and improve on the model provided.
http://melvin.shinyapps.io/SboxPlot
http://melvin.shinyapps.io/SScatter/
http://melvin.shinyapps.io/SScatter/
3
Single Variable Logistic Regression EDA
1. Become Familiar With the Data
In 411 you will have an introduction to logistic regression and again will ask you to
perform an EDA. See the file credit data for more info. Make sure you recognize
which variables are quantitative and which are catego ...
This document discusses chapter 34 of Liang's Introduction to Java Programming textbook. The chapter covers Java database programming and relational database concepts. It defines database systems and components, explains the relational data model including tables, keys, and constraints. It also provides examples of SQL commands and JDBC for interacting with databases in Java applications.
This document discusses database concepts like fields, attributes, data types, primary keys and validation rules. It provides examples of designing databases to store student information and sales data. Entity-relationship diagrams are explained to represent relationships between entities like one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many. Examples are given of entity-relationship diagrams for a hospital database and police database.
The document discusses database management systems and database concepts. It defines what a database is and reasons for using databases. It covers different data models including the relational, object-oriented relational, and semi-structured models. It also discusses defining database schemas in SQL, various relational operations like selection and projection, and different types of joins. Finally, it covers topics related to database normalization including anomalies that can occur without normalization and the first normal form.
Learning SAS by Example -A Programmer’s Guide by Ron CodySolutionVibeesh CS
The document provides SAS code solutions to problems from Learning SAS by Example - A Programmer’s Guide by Ron Cody. The code samples demonstrate subsetting datasets using WHERE and IN operators, creating new variables using SELECT statements, and performing iterative processing using DO loops. Key functions used include WHERE, SELECT, SUM, RETAIN, INTCK, and more. The solutions cover topics like conditional processing, dates, and combining datasets.
The document introduces the new mainframe and its capabilities. It outlines that mainframes are used by large organizations to host commercial databases and applications requiring high security and availability. Mainframes can process large volumes of different workloads concurrently. Typical mainframe roles include system programmers, operators, developers and administrators. Common operating systems are z/OS, z/VM, VSE, and Linux for zSeries.
The document provides an example JCL used to run a COBOL program. It includes:
1) A JOB statement that identifies the job name, programmer, class, and priority.
2) A STEP statement specifying the COBOL program "COBPROG" to execute.
3) DD statements defining the input and output files for the COBOL program.
The document then explains each part of the JCL and how it will execute the COBOL program on the MVS operating system.
This chapter discusses Job Control Language (JCL) and the Display and Search Facility (SDSF) in 3 sentences: It introduces JCL, which uses statements like JOB, EXEC, and DD to describe programs, inputs, and outputs for execution on the mainframe. It also explains how to check job outputs using SDSF, which allows viewing and searching system logs, monitoring jobs, and controlling job execution order and output printing. Key topics covered include basic JCL coding, procedures, concatenation, continuation, and using SDSF to view job status and outputs.
This document outlines the functional requirements for the Premmani website. The purpose of the site is to provide information about drums, culture, and music. It will allow users to browse drum types, view shopping cart information, and see videos, photos, and information about drum sounds and institutions offering drum courses. The site will use LAMPP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) and be compatible with multiple browsers and resolutions. It requires a server with Linux, Lampp, MySQL, 5GB storage minimum and client browsers like Firefox.
The document outlines a 4-phase methodology for developing a website about drums called Premmani's Drums. The discovery phase involved gathering existing drum information and identifying problems like a lack of awareness and access to information. The design phase developed solutions like sections on drum types, learning institutions, and famous local drummers. The developing phase used open-source technology and WordPress. The deployment phase launched the site at http://premmani.com/.
This document discusses various sections on a website called Premmani including a home page header and footer, categories on Tamilnadu culture and music, information on drums for shopping and training, and government musical institutions.
WordPress is a free, open-source content management system that allows users to build and manage dynamic websites and blogs. It provides templates called themes that control the visual design and layout of pages. Users can create and edit pages and blog posts called articles directly from their web browser using an easy-to-use control panel. Plugins extend WordPress functionality by adding features like search engine optimization tools. Reasons for using WordPress include the ability to easily update and customize the look and feel of a site using themes, to frequently publish and receive comments on blog posts, and to leverage additional features for search engine optimization and social media.
Ajax allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging data in the background without interfering with the display and functioning of the page. It uses a combination of technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XML, and XSLT along with the XMLHttpRequest object. This allows parts of a page or even whole sections to be updated without reloading, improving interactivity and reducing bandwidth usage. However, dynamically updated content also poses challenges for bookmarking, back button usage, and search engine crawling. Developers must also address security concerns and learn new testing and coding methods for Ajax applications.
PHP is a widely used server-side scripting language that was designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. PHP frameworks streamline the development of web applications written in PHP by providing basic structures that help promote rapid application development. The general idea behind how a PHP framework works is referred to as the Model-View-Controller pattern, where the model refers to the data, view refers to the presentation layer, and controller refers to the application logic. PHP frameworks should be used when working on projects with tight deadlines or substantial amounts of coding to speed up the development process and make the job less tedious.
A framework provides the structure for building a program, including what can be built and how parts interrelate. It includes actual programs, programming interfaces, and tools. Common examples are resource description, internet business, sender policy, and Zachman frameworks. Frameworks are categorized by programming language such as Perl, PHP, Java, Python, Ruby, ColdFusion, and Asp.Net.
Frames allow dividing a webpage into multiple sections or frames, with each frame displaying a separate HTML document. Frames are commonly used to keep navigation menus or branding visible on the page while allowing the main content area to change. Some key uses of frames include a branding frame to identify the site, a navigational frame with hyperlinks, and a content frame for the primary webpage material. Frames provide advantages like keeping headers and menus visible as a user scrolls or loads new pages.
Web 2.0 refers to second-generation websites that allow users to interact and collaborate to control and share content online. It differs from Web 1.0, which featured static, publisher-controlled websites, by enabling multiple users to publish, edit, and shape website content. Key features of Web 2.0 include social networking, wikis, blogs, podcasts, and mashups, which combine data from multiple online sources. The philosophy of Web 2.0 promotes an "architecture of participation" where users contribute to ongoing website development and progress through social networking and sharing.
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4. Group Items/Records H E N N E S S Y R M 9 2 3 0 1 6 5 L M 5 1 0 5 5 0 F StudentDetails Surname Initials WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 StudentDetails. 02 StudentName. 03 Surname PIC X(8). 03 Initials PIC XX. 02 StudentId PIC 9(7). 02 CourseCode PIC X(4). 02 Grant PIC 9(4). 02 Gender PIC X. StudentName StudentId CourseCode Grant Gender
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20. PROCEDURE DIVISION. Begin. DISPLAY "Enter student details using template below". DISPLAY "NNNNNNNNNNSSSSSSSCCCCGGGGS ". ACCEPT StudentDetails. ACCEPT CurrentDate FROM DATE. ACCEPT DayOfYear FROM DAY. ACCEPT CurrentTime FROM TIME. DISPLAY "Name is ", Initials SPACE Surname. DISPLAY "Date is " CurrentDay SPACE CurrentMonth SPACE CurrentYear. DISPLAY "Today is day " YearDay " of the year". DISPLAY "The time is " CurrentHour ":" CurrentMinute. STOP RUN. $ SET SOURCEFORMAT"FREE" IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. AcceptAndDisplay. AUTHOR. Michael Coughlan. DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 StudentDetails. 02 StudentName. 03 Surname PIC X(8). 03 Initials PIC XX. 02 StudentId PIC 9(7). 02 CourseCode PIC X(4). 02 Grant PIC 9(4). 02 Gender PIC X. 01 CurrentDate. 02 CurrentYear PIC 99. 02 CurrentMonth PIC 99. 02 CurrentDay PIC 99. 01 DayOfYear. 02 FILLER PIC 99. 02 YearDay PIC 9(3). 01 CurrentTime. 02 CurrentHour PIC 99. 02 CurrentMinute PIC 99. 02 FILLER PIC 9(4). Enter student details using template below NNNNNNNNNNSSSSSSSCCCCGGGGS COUGHLANMS9476532LM511245M Name is MS COUGHLAN Date is 24 01 94 Today is day 024 of the year The time is 22:23 Run of Accept and Display program