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Coaching and Neuroscience Importance of Psychological-Self
- 1. Coaching and Neuroscience Importance of Psychological-Self DECEMBER 6, 2016 JUMPEI KATO
- 2. The Challenges That we have How to influence people in order to Motivate Help to switch others’ mindsets Open others’ minds
- 3. Suicide and Mental Depression in Japan
- 4. Brain Functions Frontal Cortex • Cognitive function • Thinking, decision making, planning Limbic System • Amygdala and hippocampus • Control emotions Brain Stem • Involuntary movement • Heart beat, digestion, breath, sleep
- 5. Amygdala: Emotion What is emotion? Two types of emotions: - Negative (to avoid) - Positive (to reinforce)
- 6. Hippocampus: Memory Store short-term memory Decide if it needs to store in long-term memory - Strong emotion - Repetition
- 7. How Do People Become Mentally Depressed? As a result: - Brain size shrinks - Mentally depressed - Memory loss - Decrease in decision making ability - Judgment malfunction - Lack of interest in social interaction Stressful Situation Activate Amygdala Reaction in Hippocampus and Frontal Cortex
- 9. The Body Reacts to Stress Physical and psychological stress Body reacts in the same way
- 10. Why Does It Matter?: Characteristics of Psychological Stress As important as physical stress (need to protect) More frequent than physical stress Harder to recognize Different among individuals Regardless of one’s status
- 11. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Psychological Needs Physiological Needs
- 12. Why Does It Matter?: Today’s World Conventional education system doesn’t value how to communicate with others We are result-oriented and too busy to consider about others
- 13. What Can a Coach Do? A coach is a mental doctor/trainer Only tool is language/non-verbal language The core of every educational activity
- 14. How to Empower a Clients’ Psychological-Self as a Coach ? Show respect (vs help them) Take time Accept differences
- 15. Show Respect to Others (V.S. Helping Others) Don't criticize, condemn, or complain Give honest and sincere appreciation Listening Understanding Questioning Appreciation Giving Feedback Advising Teaching
- 16. Take Time and Be Patient Mere exposure effect Spacing Repetition
- 17. Accept Differences/Don’t Reject Empathy - Similarities/sameness Non-verbal communication
- 18. Conclusion Damaging psychological-self can lead to serious problems (e.g. mental depression) Psychological-self (social connection) is the foundation of educational activity Tips to empower psychological-self are - Pay respect - Take Time and Be Patient - Accept Differences/Don’t Reject
Editor's Notes
- How can we motivate people, switch other’s mindsets, or open other’s minds? Those questions have been always my question, as those elements are important to increase organizational outcomes.
- Also, there is an another question: why are there tens of thousands of people who commit suicide in Japan which is one of the most wealthiest countries? To answer those questions, I found that the brain function can explain how to motivate/demotivate people in order for us to work more effectively or to stress us out.
- Note: this explanation of the functions is very general and simplified, and a presenter should notes that.
- What is emotion? Emotion is a reaction toward a phenomena happening around us. - Positive emotion: a reaction toward an event that should be avoided - Negative emotion: a reaction toward an event that should be reinforced Amygdala decides how we should react against each event. Note: this explanation of the functions is very general and simplified, and a presenter should notes that.
- Hippocampus has two functions: decide whether they should store in short- or long-term memory and store short-term memory Hippocampus and amygdala is closely connected; if amygdala react strongly either positively or negatively, hippocampus tries to remember longer. This is all because those reactions and memories are vital to our survival. Note: this explanation of the functions is very general and simplified, and a presenter should notes that.
- How do people become mentally depressed? 1: chronic stress 2: amygdala reacts strongly 3: reaction in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex is reinforced 4: those two brain areas are damaged because of stress reactive hormone 5: the brain size in two areas shrink 6: some of the brain functions lost
- What is stress and how it happens? Cyberball experiement probes that: - social exclusion lead strong stress reaction (social pain) - social pain (social stress) and physical pain (physical stress) cause similar reaction in brain Additional Resources: Cyberball experiment is developed by Kip Williams and the resources are: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_rejection#Ball_toss_.2F_cyberball_experiments https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7EFYwUopf8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwQ_VyOUGmY
- the body reaction toward physical and social stress is almost same Body reaction is as follows: 1: blood pressure goes up 2: heart beats quickly 3: breath goes shallow 4: eyes opens up
- According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, physical needs is more important than psychological needs and needs to be fulfilled. However, considering social exclusion can cause serious damage on brain function and mental depression, it is important to recognize that psychological needs are as important as physical needs. I believe that we have this psychological-self which is as important as physical-self and we have to protect it. In any educational activity including coaching, we have to secure the safe space for learners’ psychological-self.
- In a coaching session, a coachee needs to change to achieve their goal, yet they usually face difficulty in changing themselves, as they feel unsafe to their psychological-self. One of the coach’s responsibilities is to understand (diagnose) and strengthen (cure) coaches’ identity and to help them go through difficult time. In this context, a coach’s function is similar to a doctor. Securing mental-self is not panacea for any learners, although this is the basic foundation for any educational activity. A number of people don’t want to change because they are afraid of their ideology crisis.
- Goal: the introduction of the recommendations
- The point here is to distinguish “showing respect (listening, understanding, questioning, and appreciation)” from “helping others (giving feedback, advising, and teaching)”. “Don't criticize, condemn, or complain” and “Give honest and sincere appreciation” are the quotes from “how to win friends and influence people”.
- The point is the importance of small communication. As we, coaches, are busy, we cannot have a long conversation everyday with coachees. Mere exposure effect claims that small, albeit repetitive, communications will increase positive impressions on us. “Spacing” and “Repetition” are about a brain function that tells if we have a similar experience again and again, our brain will remember longer.
- This slides is to tell the difficulty in empathizing others experiences and the impact of non-verbal communication.