Cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources like servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics and more over the internet. It has 5 essential characteristics: self-service use, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. There are 3 main deployment models (private, public, hybrid cloud) and 3 main service models (Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, Software as a Service). Cloud computing provides economic, agility, accessibility and reliability benefits but also faces challenges around system complexity, data protection, availability and loss of control.

4. Cloud Computing Defined
Convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources
(e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction

5. Essential Characteristics
• On-demand Self-service
• Broad Network Access
• Resource Pooling
• Rapid Elasticity
• Measured Service

6. On-demand Self-service
• Unilaterally provision computing resources, as needed
• Does not requiring human interaction with service provider.

7. Broad Network Access
• Capabilities are available over the network and accessed
through standard mechanisms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets,
laptops, and workstations).

8. Resource Pooling
• Provider’s computing resources are pooled with different
physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and
reassigned according to consumer demand.
• Location independence in that the consumer generally has no
control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided
resources, but may be able to specify location at a higher level
of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter).

9. Rapid Elasticity
• Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in
some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward
commensurate with demand.
• The capabilities available for provisioning appear to be
unlimited and can be provisioned in any quantity at any time.

10. Measured Service
• Pay-per-use model appropriate to the type of resource or
service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user
accounts).
• Usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing
transparency for both the provider and consumer of the
utilized service.

11. Deployment Models
• Private Cloud
• Public Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud

12. Private Cloud
• Provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization
• May be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a
third party, or some combination of them
• May exist on or off premises

13. Public Cloud
• Provisioned for open use by the general public
• Owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or
government organization, or some combination of them
• Exists on the premises of the cloud provider

14. Hybrid Cloud
• Combination of Public and Private clouds
• Remain unique entities, but are bound together by
standardized or proprietary technology
• Enables data and application portability

15. Service Models
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Software as a Service (SaaS)

16. Infrastructure as a Service
• Allows the consumer to deploy and run off-the-shelf software
just like they would on their own IT infrastructure.
• Provides on-demand provisioning of computing resources
allowing a company to pay for only as much capacity as is
needed, and bring more online as soon as required.
• Consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage,
deployed applications, and select networking components
(e.g., host firewalls).
• Amazon Web Services, Rackspace Cloud Servers

17. Platform as a Service
• A set of software and product development tools hosted on
the provider's infrastructure that developers use to create
applications over the Internet.
• The consumer of the service does not manage or control the
underlying cloud infrastructure, but has control over the
deployed applications and application hosting environment
configurations.
• Used by consumers who develop their own software and
desire a common off-the-shelf development and runtime
platform.
• Microsoft Azure, Google App Engine

18. Software as a Service
• Consumer uses a provider’s applications running on a cloud
infrastructure from through a thin client interface such as a
web browser.
• Consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure.
• Consumer pays a fee for use of the application.
• Hotmail.com, Google Apps

19. Benefits
• Economic Benefits
• Better Agility
• Greater Accessibility
• Improved Reliability
• Superior Security

20. Economic Benefits
• Instead of using capital budget to purchase machines, storage, and
networking equipment, companies can expense the monthly costs
of only the resources that they actually need and use.
• Cloud computing provides access to almost unlimited processing
power and storage. Companies can provision large data servers for
online historical databases, but only pay for the actual storage that
they are using.
• Companies do not have to purchase redundant hardware and
software licenses, or set-up disaster recovery sites that they pay for
and may never use. Instead they can provision new resources on
demand when and if they need them. Add in the costs that a
company would otherwise incur to manage an IT infrastructure and
the savings of moving to a cloud infrastructure can be huge.

21. Better Agility
• Building an IT infrastructure is usually a long term
commitment and can take months to
purchase, install, configure, and test. Equivalent cloud
resources can be running in as little as a few minutes, and on-
demand allows for trial-and-error. If some resource doesn't
fit, simply stop, and start a new one that seems more
appropriate.
• Projects that involve significant cost, resources, and long
timelines include significant risk of project failure. Projects
that can be completed in a few hours with little or no financial
and resource commitments include much less risk.
• The faster a business can change, the faster a business can
react to changing requirements. Cloud resources can
immediately be scaled up or down to match.

22. Greater Accessibility
• Most companies have a single Internet provider. If that
provider experiences an outage, then any users who need
remote access applications are out of luck. Cloud computing
providers have multiple, redundant internet connections. As
long as a user has Internet access, then they have access to
their applications.

23. Improved Reliability
• Redundancy and disaster recovery capabilities are built into
cloud computing environments and on-demand resource
capacity can be used for better resilience when facing
increased service demands or distributed denial of service
attacks, and for quicker recovery from serious incidents.
• The backup and recovery policies and procedures of a cloud
service may be superior to those of the organization and, if
copies are maintained in diverse geographic locations, may be
more robust.
• Data maintained within a cloud can be more available, faster
to restore, and more reliable in many circumstances than that
maintained in a traditional data center.

24. Superior Security
• Cloud providers have dedicated staff that specialize in
security, privacy, and other areas of high interest and concern
to the organization.
• Increases in the scale of computing induce specialization,
which in turn allows security staff to shed other duties and
concentrate exclusively on security issues.
• The structure of cloud computing platforms is typically more
uniform than that of most traditional computing centers.
Greater uniformity and homogeneity facilitate platform
hardening and enable better automation of security
management activities like configuration control, vulnerability
testing, security audits, and security patching of platform
components.

25. Challenges
• System Complexity
• Data Protection
• Availability
• Internet-facing Services
• Multi-Tenancy
• Loss of Control
• Botnets and other threats

26. System Complexity
• A public cloud computing environment is extremely complex
compared with that of a traditional data center.
• Security depends not only on the correctness and
effectiveness of many components, but also on the
interactions among them.
• The number of possible interactions between components
pushes the level of complexity upward.
• Complexity typically relates inversely to security, with greater
complexity giving rise to vulnerabilities.

27. Data Protection
• Data stored in the cloud typically resides in a shared
environment collocated with data from other customers.
• Organizations moving sensitive and regulated data into the
cloud, therefore, must account for the means by which access
to the data is controlled and the data is kept secure.

28. Availability
• In simple terms, availability is the extent to which an
organization’s full set of computational resources is accessible
and usable.
• Availability can be affected temporarily or permanently, and a
loss can be partial or complete.
• Denial of service attacks, equipment outages, and natural
disasters are all threats to availability.

29. Internet-facing Services
• Applications and data that were previously accessed from the
confines of an organization’s intranet, but moved to the
cloud, now face increased risk from network threats that were
previously defended against at the perimeter of the
organization’s intranet and from new threats that target the
exposed interfaces.
• Requiring remote administrative access as the sole means to
manage the assets of the organization held by the cloud
provider also increases risk, compared with a traditional data
center, where administrative access to platforms can be
restricted to direct or internal connections.

30. Multi-Tenancy
• Having to share an infrastructure with unknown outside
parties can be a major drawback for some applications and
requires a high level of assurance for the strength of the
security mechanisms used for logical separation.
• Access to organizational data and resources could
inadvertently be exposed to other subscribers through a
configuration or software error.
• An attacker could also pose as a subscriber to exploit
vulnerabilities from within the cloud environment to gain
unauthorized access.

31. Loss of Control
• Migrating to a public cloud requires a transfer of control to
the cloud provider over information as well as system
components that were previously under the organization’s
direct control.
• Loss of control over both the physical and logical aspects of
the system and data diminishes the organization’s ability to
maintain situational awareness, weigh alternatives, set
priorities, and effect changes in security and privacy that are
in the best interest of the organization.

32. Botnets and other threats
• Botnets could be used to launch a denial of service attack
against the infrastructure of a cloud provider.
• The possibility that a cloud service could become infiltrated by
a botnet has already occurred.
• In 2009, a command-and-control node was discovered
operating from within one of the leading cloud providers.

34. Communication with RTUs
Thin Client Stations
TCP/IP
RTUs

35. Store and Forward with local HMIs
Thin Client Stations
TCP/IP
Local HMIs

38. Email
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(Brazil) info@indusoft.com.br
(Germany) info@indusoft-germany.de
USA
Support support@indusoft.com
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