This document discusses cloud computing, including its pros and cons for pharmaceutical companies. It describes the three types of cloud services - Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). While cloud computing provides benefits like elastic resources and lower costs, it also poses risks around data security, regulatory compliance, and loss of control. The document analyzes specific cloud applications for molecular modeling and considers how cloud computing could be applicable in the pharmaceutical industry.
This document provides an overview of emerging machine learning architectures, including cloud, edge, fog, and mist computing. It discusses the timeline of remote and machine learning computing from early cloud computing to current edge and fog approaches. The need for edge computing to address latency issues for applications like augmented reality and face recognition is explained. Key aspects of fog computing like its role in scalably extending cloud computing to network edges are covered. The document also provides an example of implementing deep learning for an IoT video recognition application across edge and cloud resources.
This is basically about the hybrid cloud and steps to implement them, starting from what is cloud, hybrid cloud to its implementation. Hybrid Cloud is nowadays implemented by many organisations and transitioning a traditional IT setup to a hybrid cloud model is no small undertaking. So, one should know about it and how it is implemented.
Cloud computing reference architecture from nist and ibmRichard Kuo
The document summarizes cloud computing reference architectures from NIST and IBM. It discusses why reference architectures are useful, including providing common understanding, reducing complexity, and enabling interoperability. It then provides overviews of the NIST cloud computing reference architecture, including essential cloud characteristics, service models, deployment models, and architectural components. It also summarizes the main IBM cloud computing reference architecture, focusing on roles, tools, management platforms, and portals.
The document discusses hybrid cloud architectures and approaches for connecting private and public clouds. It presents several current patterns for primitive hybrid architectures including migration and interface abstraction. Emerging patterns described include static placement, assisted replication, auto migration, and dynamic migration. The document argues that cloud abstraction is needed to define common information, services, processes, map to proper architectures, and select technology solutions to fully realize the benefits of hybrid cloud environments.
Introduction to Cloud Computing and Cloud InfrastructureSANTHOSHKUMARKL1
Introduction, Cloud Infrastructure: Cloud computing, Cloud computing delivery models and services, Ethical issues, Cloud vulnerabilities, Cloud computing at Amazon, Cloud computing the Google perspective, Microsoft Windows Azure and online services, Open-source software platforms for private clouds.
This document discusses the history and definitions of cloud computing. It begins with various definitions of cloud computing from Wikipedia between 2007-2009 which evolved to emphasize dynamically scalable virtual resources provided over the internet. It then covers common characteristics of cloud computing like multi-tenancy, location independence, pay-per-use pricing and rapid scalability. The rest of the document details cloud computing models including public, private and hybrid clouds. It also outlines the different architectural layers of cloud computing from Software as a Service to Infrastructure as a Service. The document concludes with a discussion of security issues in cloud computing and a case study of security features in Amazon Web Services.
This document is a technical seminar report on cloud computing submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Engineering degree. It introduces cloud computing as a concept where computing resources such as servers, storage, databases and networking are provided as standardized services over the Internet. The document discusses the history, characteristics, implementation and economics of cloud computing and provides examples of major companies involved in cloud services.
The 5 biggest cloud computing trends in 2021ArpitGautam20
Cloud Computing has been a lifesaver in the unprecedented times of 2020. Let’s look at 5 upcoming cloud computing trends for 2021. https://arsr.tech/the-5-biggest-cloud-computing-trends-in-2021/
This document provides an overview of emerging machine learning architectures, including cloud, edge, fog, and mist computing. It discusses the timeline of remote and machine learning computing from early cloud computing to current edge and fog approaches. The need for edge computing to address latency issues for applications like augmented reality and face recognition is explained. Key aspects of fog computing like its role in scalably extending cloud computing to network edges are covered. The document also provides an example of implementing deep learning for an IoT video recognition application across edge and cloud resources.
This is basically about the hybrid cloud and steps to implement them, starting from what is cloud, hybrid cloud to its implementation. Hybrid Cloud is nowadays implemented by many organisations and transitioning a traditional IT setup to a hybrid cloud model is no small undertaking. So, one should know about it and how it is implemented.
Cloud computing reference architecture from nist and ibmRichard Kuo
The document summarizes cloud computing reference architectures from NIST and IBM. It discusses why reference architectures are useful, including providing common understanding, reducing complexity, and enabling interoperability. It then provides overviews of the NIST cloud computing reference architecture, including essential cloud characteristics, service models, deployment models, and architectural components. It also summarizes the main IBM cloud computing reference architecture, focusing on roles, tools, management platforms, and portals.
The document discusses hybrid cloud architectures and approaches for connecting private and public clouds. It presents several current patterns for primitive hybrid architectures including migration and interface abstraction. Emerging patterns described include static placement, assisted replication, auto migration, and dynamic migration. The document argues that cloud abstraction is needed to define common information, services, processes, map to proper architectures, and select technology solutions to fully realize the benefits of hybrid cloud environments.
Introduction to Cloud Computing and Cloud InfrastructureSANTHOSHKUMARKL1
Introduction, Cloud Infrastructure: Cloud computing, Cloud computing delivery models and services, Ethical issues, Cloud vulnerabilities, Cloud computing at Amazon, Cloud computing the Google perspective, Microsoft Windows Azure and online services, Open-source software platforms for private clouds.
This document discusses the history and definitions of cloud computing. It begins with various definitions of cloud computing from Wikipedia between 2007-2009 which evolved to emphasize dynamically scalable virtual resources provided over the internet. It then covers common characteristics of cloud computing like multi-tenancy, location independence, pay-per-use pricing and rapid scalability. The rest of the document details cloud computing models including public, private and hybrid clouds. It also outlines the different architectural layers of cloud computing from Software as a Service to Infrastructure as a Service. The document concludes with a discussion of security issues in cloud computing and a case study of security features in Amazon Web Services.
This document is a technical seminar report on cloud computing submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Engineering degree. It introduces cloud computing as a concept where computing resources such as servers, storage, databases and networking are provided as standardized services over the Internet. The document discusses the history, characteristics, implementation and economics of cloud computing and provides examples of major companies involved in cloud services.
The 5 biggest cloud computing trends in 2021ArpitGautam20
Cloud Computing has been a lifesaver in the unprecedented times of 2020. Let’s look at 5 upcoming cloud computing trends for 2021. https://arsr.tech/the-5-biggest-cloud-computing-trends-in-2021/
The document provides an overview of cloud computing, including definitions of cloud computing, deployment and service models, advantages and benefits, security considerations, virtualization, migration strategies for moving applications and workloads to the cloud, developing applications for the cloud, and future trends in cloud computing. It also includes descriptions of major cloud providers like AWS, Azure, and GCP.
The term “Cloud Computing” is a recent buzzword in the IT world. Behind this fancy poetic phrase, there lies a true picture for the future of computing for both in technical prospective and social prospective. However, the term “Cloud Computing” is recent but the idea of centralizing computation and storage in distributed data centers maintained by third party companies is not new but it came in the way back in 1990s along with distributed computing approaches like grid computing. Cloud computing aimed at providing IT as a service to the cloud users on-demand basic with greater flexibility, availability, reliability and scalability with utility computing model. This new paradigm of computing has an immense potential in it to be use in the field of e-governance and in rural development perspective in the developing country like India.
Final Year IEEE Project 2013-2014 - Cloud Computing Project Title and Abstractelysiumtechnologies
This document provides contact information for Elysium Technologies Private Limited, an IT services company with branches across India. It lists the company's address, phone numbers, and email contacts for its branches in cities including Madurai, Chennai, Trichy, Coimbatore, and others. It also mentions the company has 13 years of experience, 250+ developers, and provides services including automated services, 24/7 help desk support, and ticketing/appointment systems.
This document discusses cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as network-based computing that takes place over the Internet using integrated hardware, software, and networking services delivered through the Internet. Cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources like servers, storage, databases, and more via the web or mobile devices. The document outlines different cloud deployment models including private, public, hybrid and community clouds as well as different service models like SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. It discusses advantages like cost efficiency and convenience as well as disadvantages like security concerns and limited features of cloud computing.
The document discusses cloud computing, providing definitions, history, advantages, disadvantages and components. It defines cloud computing as internet-based computing where shared resources such as software, platforms and infrastructure are provided on-demand to users over the internet. The history of cloud computing is traced from the 1990s to present. Key cloud types are public, private and hybrid clouds. Advantages include flexibility, scalability, low costs while disadvantages include security concerns and dependency on internet connectivity.
Cloud computing provides on-demand access to computing resources and data storage over the Internet. There are three main types of cloud computing models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS provides basic computing resources, PaaS provides platforms for developing applications, and SaaS provides fully hosted software. Major cloud providers include Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, and IBM Cloud. The lifecycle of a cloud solution involves defining requirements, choosing appropriate computing, storage, networking and security services, testing processes, and analyzing data.
Cloud computing - new class of network based computingAshita Agrawal
Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that takes place over the Internet,
-basically a step on from Utility Computing
-a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).
The hardware and software services are available to
general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses markets.
TYPES OF CLOUD:
There are different types of clouds that you can subscribe to depending on your needs. As a home user or small business owner, you will most likely use public cloud services.
1.public
2.hybrid
3.community
4.private
PURPOSE AND BENEFITS
-Cloud computing enables companies and applications, which are system infrastructure dependent, to be infrastructure-less.
-By using the Cloud infrastructure on “pay as used and on demand”, all of us can save in capital and operational investment!
-Clients can:
Put their data on the platform instead of on their own desktop PCs and/or on their own servers.
They can put their applications on the cloud and use the servers within the cloud to do processing and data manipulations etc.
Features of Cloud Computing
• Cost
• Agility
• Security
• Reliability
• Scalability
• Availability
• Performance
• Device and Location Independence
Cloud Computing Service Providers
• Amazon
• App Nexus
• Google AppEngine
• Go Grid
• Microsoft Windows Azure
• Rack Space
Conclusion
The cloud provides many options for the everyday computer user as well as large and small businesses. It opens up the world of computing to a broader range of uses and increases the ease of use by giving access through any internet connection.
However, with this increased ease also come drawbacks. You have less control over who has access to your information and little to no knowledge of where it is stored.
You also must be aware of the security risks of having data stored on the cloud. The cloud is a big target for malicious individuals and may have disadvantages because it can be accessed through an unsecured internet connection.
This document discusses cloud computing and related concepts:
1. Cloud computing is a model for delivering computing resources such as hardware and software via a network. Users can access scalable resources from the cloud without knowing details of the infrastructure.
2. Technologies like virtualization, distributed storage, and broadband internet access enable cloud computing. This shifts processing to large remote data centers managed by cloud providers.
3. For service providers, cloud computing offers benefits like reduced infrastructure costs and improved efficiency. For users, it provides flexible access to resources without upfront investment or management overhead.
This document provides an overview of advanced concepts in cloud computing. It discusses various topics such as the classification of cloud computing based on deployment models (public, private, hybrid clouds) and service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS). The document also covers cloud architecture, business drivers for cloud computing, why organizations choose the cloud, and considerations for cloud deployment.
Business disadvantages using cloud computing exist. This report summary outlines the most important need to know disadvantages related to using cloud computing.
The document provides an overview of cloud computing concepts including:
- The evolution of distributed, grid, and cloud computing models.
- The essential characteristics of cloud computing including on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service.
- The different types of cloud services including SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS and examples of prominent cloud providers like Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as a model for enabling ubiquitous access to shared configurable computing resources over the Internet. The document then discusses the history of cloud computing from time-sharing mainframes in the 1970s to modern cloud platforms from Amazon, Microsoft, Google, IBM and others emerging in the 2000s and 2010s. It also outlines the main service models of cloud computing including Software as a Service, Platform as a Service and Infrastructure as a Service.
Cloud computing and grid computing 360 degree comparedMd. Hasibur Rashid
Cloud computing builds upon concepts from cluster and grid computing. Cluster computing links multiple computers to share workloads, while grid computing dynamically aggregates distributed resources for tasks. Cloud computing provides scalable resources and services over the internet. It extends concepts from grid computing by offering virtualized, dynamically provisioned resources on-demand. Key differences are that cloud computing has loose coupling between providers and consumers, supports scaling, and offers services under a pay-per-use business model. Common cloud services are SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. Challenges include dynamic scalability, security, and standardization. Cloud computing shows promise for further research in areas like security, interoperability and dynamic pricing models.
Provides a simple and unambiguous taxonomy of three service models
- Software as a service (SaaS)
- Platform as a service (PaaS)
- Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
(Private cloud, Community cloud, Public cloud, and Hybrid cloud)
Hybrid Cloud: OpenStack and Other ApproachesMirantis
On April 4, 2014, OpenStack:Now editor Nick Chase presented this talk at Great Wide Open in Atlanta, GA. It discusses the ideas behind Hybrid Cloud and some possible ways to implement it.
Cloud computing offers on-demand access to computing resources and data storage over the internet. There are various types of cloud including public, private, hybrid, and community clouds. Cloud services provide infrastructure (IaaS), platforms (PaaS), and software (SaaS). IaaS provides virtual servers and storage, PaaS provides development environments, and SaaS provides applications. Containerization encapsulates applications and dependencies to run consistently across infrastructures. Benefits of cloud include cost savings, scalability, and ease of collaboration, but limitations include loss of control and security concerns.
This document discusses virtualization and cloud computing, specifically hybrid cloud architectures. It defines hybrid cloud as a cloud computing environment where an organization provides and manages some resources in-house and has others provided externally from a public cloud provider. The document outlines the key considerations for hybrid cloud planning, examines hybrid cloud architecture which combines a private cloud with at least one public cloud, and discusses the advantages of cost efficiency, isolation, availability and flexibility as well as the disadvantages of data beyond the firewall and greater internal IT maintenance required.
The document is a report on cloud computing written by Abdul-Rehman Aslam for his course instructor Mr. Safee. It discusses key topics such as what cloud computing is, the cloud service model of Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service and Software as a Service. It also covers the different types of clouds including public, private, hybrid and community clouds. The report highlights the key characteristics of cloud computing such as cost, device and location independence, multi-tenancy, reliability, scalability and security. It concludes that cloud computing brings many possibilities and is a technology that has taken the software and business world by storm.
Cloud computing allows users to access computer applications from anywhere via the internet rather than installing and maintaining software locally. It provides efficient computing through centralized storage, memory, processing, and bandwidth. Examples of cloud computing include web-based email services and online office productivity tools. The document then describes the different layers of cloud computing including client, application, platform, infrastructure, server, and issues regarding security, reliability, ownership, data backup, portability, and multiplatform support.
The document provides an overview of cloud computing, including definitions of cloud computing, deployment and service models, advantages and benefits, security considerations, virtualization, migration strategies for moving applications and workloads to the cloud, developing applications for the cloud, and future trends in cloud computing. It also includes descriptions of major cloud providers like AWS, Azure, and GCP.
The term “Cloud Computing” is a recent buzzword in the IT world. Behind this fancy poetic phrase, there lies a true picture for the future of computing for both in technical prospective and social prospective. However, the term “Cloud Computing” is recent but the idea of centralizing computation and storage in distributed data centers maintained by third party companies is not new but it came in the way back in 1990s along with distributed computing approaches like grid computing. Cloud computing aimed at providing IT as a service to the cloud users on-demand basic with greater flexibility, availability, reliability and scalability with utility computing model. This new paradigm of computing has an immense potential in it to be use in the field of e-governance and in rural development perspective in the developing country like India.
Final Year IEEE Project 2013-2014 - Cloud Computing Project Title and Abstractelysiumtechnologies
This document provides contact information for Elysium Technologies Private Limited, an IT services company with branches across India. It lists the company's address, phone numbers, and email contacts for its branches in cities including Madurai, Chennai, Trichy, Coimbatore, and others. It also mentions the company has 13 years of experience, 250+ developers, and provides services including automated services, 24/7 help desk support, and ticketing/appointment systems.
This document discusses cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as network-based computing that takes place over the Internet using integrated hardware, software, and networking services delivered through the Internet. Cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources like servers, storage, databases, and more via the web or mobile devices. The document outlines different cloud deployment models including private, public, hybrid and community clouds as well as different service models like SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. It discusses advantages like cost efficiency and convenience as well as disadvantages like security concerns and limited features of cloud computing.
The document discusses cloud computing, providing definitions, history, advantages, disadvantages and components. It defines cloud computing as internet-based computing where shared resources such as software, platforms and infrastructure are provided on-demand to users over the internet. The history of cloud computing is traced from the 1990s to present. Key cloud types are public, private and hybrid clouds. Advantages include flexibility, scalability, low costs while disadvantages include security concerns and dependency on internet connectivity.
Cloud computing provides on-demand access to computing resources and data storage over the Internet. There are three main types of cloud computing models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS provides basic computing resources, PaaS provides platforms for developing applications, and SaaS provides fully hosted software. Major cloud providers include Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, and IBM Cloud. The lifecycle of a cloud solution involves defining requirements, choosing appropriate computing, storage, networking and security services, testing processes, and analyzing data.
Cloud computing - new class of network based computingAshita Agrawal
Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that takes place over the Internet,
-basically a step on from Utility Computing
-a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).
The hardware and software services are available to
general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses markets.
TYPES OF CLOUD:
There are different types of clouds that you can subscribe to depending on your needs. As a home user or small business owner, you will most likely use public cloud services.
1.public
2.hybrid
3.community
4.private
PURPOSE AND BENEFITS
-Cloud computing enables companies and applications, which are system infrastructure dependent, to be infrastructure-less.
-By using the Cloud infrastructure on “pay as used and on demand”, all of us can save in capital and operational investment!
-Clients can:
Put their data on the platform instead of on their own desktop PCs and/or on their own servers.
They can put their applications on the cloud and use the servers within the cloud to do processing and data manipulations etc.
Features of Cloud Computing
• Cost
• Agility
• Security
• Reliability
• Scalability
• Availability
• Performance
• Device and Location Independence
Cloud Computing Service Providers
• Amazon
• App Nexus
• Google AppEngine
• Go Grid
• Microsoft Windows Azure
• Rack Space
Conclusion
The cloud provides many options for the everyday computer user as well as large and small businesses. It opens up the world of computing to a broader range of uses and increases the ease of use by giving access through any internet connection.
However, with this increased ease also come drawbacks. You have less control over who has access to your information and little to no knowledge of where it is stored.
You also must be aware of the security risks of having data stored on the cloud. The cloud is a big target for malicious individuals and may have disadvantages because it can be accessed through an unsecured internet connection.
This document discusses cloud computing and related concepts:
1. Cloud computing is a model for delivering computing resources such as hardware and software via a network. Users can access scalable resources from the cloud without knowing details of the infrastructure.
2. Technologies like virtualization, distributed storage, and broadband internet access enable cloud computing. This shifts processing to large remote data centers managed by cloud providers.
3. For service providers, cloud computing offers benefits like reduced infrastructure costs and improved efficiency. For users, it provides flexible access to resources without upfront investment or management overhead.
This document provides an overview of advanced concepts in cloud computing. It discusses various topics such as the classification of cloud computing based on deployment models (public, private, hybrid clouds) and service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS). The document also covers cloud architecture, business drivers for cloud computing, why organizations choose the cloud, and considerations for cloud deployment.
Business disadvantages using cloud computing exist. This report summary outlines the most important need to know disadvantages related to using cloud computing.
The document provides an overview of cloud computing concepts including:
- The evolution of distributed, grid, and cloud computing models.
- The essential characteristics of cloud computing including on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service.
- The different types of cloud services including SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS and examples of prominent cloud providers like Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as a model for enabling ubiquitous access to shared configurable computing resources over the Internet. The document then discusses the history of cloud computing from time-sharing mainframes in the 1970s to modern cloud platforms from Amazon, Microsoft, Google, IBM and others emerging in the 2000s and 2010s. It also outlines the main service models of cloud computing including Software as a Service, Platform as a Service and Infrastructure as a Service.
Cloud computing and grid computing 360 degree comparedMd. Hasibur Rashid
Cloud computing builds upon concepts from cluster and grid computing. Cluster computing links multiple computers to share workloads, while grid computing dynamically aggregates distributed resources for tasks. Cloud computing provides scalable resources and services over the internet. It extends concepts from grid computing by offering virtualized, dynamically provisioned resources on-demand. Key differences are that cloud computing has loose coupling between providers and consumers, supports scaling, and offers services under a pay-per-use business model. Common cloud services are SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. Challenges include dynamic scalability, security, and standardization. Cloud computing shows promise for further research in areas like security, interoperability and dynamic pricing models.
Provides a simple and unambiguous taxonomy of three service models
- Software as a service (SaaS)
- Platform as a service (PaaS)
- Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
(Private cloud, Community cloud, Public cloud, and Hybrid cloud)
Hybrid Cloud: OpenStack and Other ApproachesMirantis
On April 4, 2014, OpenStack:Now editor Nick Chase presented this talk at Great Wide Open in Atlanta, GA. It discusses the ideas behind Hybrid Cloud and some possible ways to implement it.
Cloud computing offers on-demand access to computing resources and data storage over the internet. There are various types of cloud including public, private, hybrid, and community clouds. Cloud services provide infrastructure (IaaS), platforms (PaaS), and software (SaaS). IaaS provides virtual servers and storage, PaaS provides development environments, and SaaS provides applications. Containerization encapsulates applications and dependencies to run consistently across infrastructures. Benefits of cloud include cost savings, scalability, and ease of collaboration, but limitations include loss of control and security concerns.
This document discusses virtualization and cloud computing, specifically hybrid cloud architectures. It defines hybrid cloud as a cloud computing environment where an organization provides and manages some resources in-house and has others provided externally from a public cloud provider. The document outlines the key considerations for hybrid cloud planning, examines hybrid cloud architecture which combines a private cloud with at least one public cloud, and discusses the advantages of cost efficiency, isolation, availability and flexibility as well as the disadvantages of data beyond the firewall and greater internal IT maintenance required.
The document is a report on cloud computing written by Abdul-Rehman Aslam for his course instructor Mr. Safee. It discusses key topics such as what cloud computing is, the cloud service model of Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service and Software as a Service. It also covers the different types of clouds including public, private, hybrid and community clouds. The report highlights the key characteristics of cloud computing such as cost, device and location independence, multi-tenancy, reliability, scalability and security. It concludes that cloud computing brings many possibilities and is a technology that has taken the software and business world by storm.
Cloud computing allows users to access computer applications from anywhere via the internet rather than installing and maintaining software locally. It provides efficient computing through centralized storage, memory, processing, and bandwidth. Examples of cloud computing include web-based email services and online office productivity tools. The document then describes the different layers of cloud computing including client, application, platform, infrastructure, server, and issues regarding security, reliability, ownership, data backup, portability, and multiplatform support.
Cloud Computing Security Issues in Infrastructure as a Service” reportVivek Maurya
This document provides an introduction to cloud computing security issues in infrastructure as a service (IaaS). It discusses how cloud computing works and the service models of software as a service, platform as a service, and IaaS. IaaS provides processing power, data storage, and other shared resources on a pay-as-you-go basis. The document focuses on security issues related to the IaaS model, examining security for service level agreements, utility computing, platform virtualization, networks and connectivity, and computer hardware. It also discusses how security issues with cloud software can impact IaaS and cloud computing overall.
This document provides guidelines for using cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as delivering software, infrastructure and storage over the internet. Key benefits include reduced costs, flexibility, automatic updates, increased collaboration and security. The main types of cloud services are Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Best practices include assessing readiness, setting goals, learning from others' experiences, and establishing performance guarantees with providers. The document also outlines Qatar's legal protections for data privacy and security in the cloud.
Best cloud computing training institute in noidataramandal
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Introduction to Cloud Computing...
Cloud Computing Development Models
Cloud Service Models
Cloud Security
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This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including its key benefits and challenges. It discusses the basics of cloud computing models like SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. Public and private cloud options are described, as well as hybrid cloud. The main benefits of cloud computing are reduced costs, increased storage, and flexibility. However, key challenges include data security, availability, management capabilities, and regulatory compliance restrictions.
The paper aims to provide a means of understanding the model and exploring options available for complementing your technology and infrastructure needs.
Cloud computing provides many benefits but also poses security risks due to data being stored remotely. This document discusses several key security threats in cloud computing like data leakage, attacks against the cloud infrastructure, and issues regarding access control and data segregation. It proposes some solutions to address these risks, such as access control management, incident response processes, data partitioning, and migration capabilities to improve security in cloud environments.
Security for Effective Data Storage in Multi CloudsEditor IJCATR
Cloud Computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote servers to maintain data and
applications. Cloud computing allows consumers and businesses to use applications without installation and access their personal
files at any computer with internet access. This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing data
storage, processing and bandwidth. The use of cloud computing has increased rapidly in many organizations. Cloud computing
provides many benefits in terms of low cost and accessibility of data. Ensuring the security of cloud computing is a major factor
in the cloud computing environment, as users often store sensitive information with cloud storage providers but these providers
may be untrusted. Dealing with “single cloud” providers is predicted to become less popular with customers due to risks of
service availability failure and the possibility of malicious insiders in the single cloud. A movement towards “multi-clouds”, or in
other words, “interclouds” or “cloud-of clouds” has emerged recently. This paper surveys recent research related to single and
multi-cloud security and addresses possible solutions. It is found that the research into the use of multicloud providers to maintain
security has received less attention from the research community than has the use of single clouds. This work aims to promote the
use of multi-clouds due to its ability to reduce security risks that affect the cloud computing user.
Cloud computing means using multiple server computers via a digital network, as though they were one computer.
We can say , it is a new computing paradigm, involving data and/or computation outsourcing.
it has many issues like security issues, privacy issues, data issues, energy issues, bandwidth issues, cloud interoperability.
there are solutions like scaling of resources, distribute servers etc.
Cloud computing provides on-demand, pay-as-you-go computing resources over the internet. It has grown rapidly since the 2000s as a more efficient and flexible alternative to traditional computing models. While promising lower costs and increased agility, cloud computing also presents challenges regarding security, compliance with regulations, vendor lock-in, and auditability that businesses must address through service level agreements with cloud vendors. As the cloud computing industry and standards continue to evolve, many expect it will transform how IT resources are utilized.
This document is a seminar report on cloud computing submitted by Vishnuvarunan.T. It provides an introduction to cloud computing, discussing its key characteristics including on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. It also covers cloud service models such as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The document discusses cloud deployment models including private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, and hybrid cloud. It notes some benefits of cloud computing like cost savings and scalability, as well as challenges around security, privacy, lack of standards, and compliance concerns.
Cloud computing is a model that provides on-demand access to shared computing resources like networks, servers, storage, applications and services. Key characteristics include elasticity, on-demand usage, pay-per-use access, and multi-tenancy. The three main cloud service models are SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. Cloud computing offers advantages like scalability, low costs and location independence but also risks like security issues, lack of control and potential downtime. Its future scope includes improved support for medical data, weather forecasting and unlimited entertainment options.
What is Cloud computing?
Advantages & disadvantages of Cloud Computing
Cloud Service models
Software as a service SaaS
Platform as a service PaaS
Infrastructure as a Service IaaS
Cloud Implementation types
It's a simple presentation I did it with my friend Khawlah Al-Mazyd last year as a one topic should we cover it through doing Advanced Network course.
2010 - King Saud Universty
Riyadh - Saudi Arabia
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including its benefits of reduced costs and increased storage capabilities. It describes the three cloud computing models of Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Public clouds are owned by third parties and offer economies of scale, while private clouds are built exclusively for a single enterprise and offer greater security and control. Hybrid clouds combine public and private models. The document also outlines some challenges of cloud computing around data security, availability, management capabilities, and regulatory compliance.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including its benefits and challenges. It discusses the different cloud computing models of SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. Public clouds offer economies of scale but limited customization, while private clouds have more control but require companies to manage their own infrastructure. Hybrid clouds combine public and private models. The main benefits are reduced costs, increased storage, and flexibility. However, key challenges include concerns around data security, availability, management capabilities, and regulatory compliance restrictions.
This document discusses cloud computing, including definitions, advantages, and disadvantages. It analyzes services provided by three major cloud computing providers: Amazon, Microsoft, and Google. The key advantages of cloud computing include improved availability, performance, flexibility and cost effectiveness, while disadvantages include complexity, security risks, and lack of integration. Major cloud services discussed are Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS), storage, and databases.
This document discusses and dispels several myths about cloud computing. It explains that cloud computing provides robust security measures to protect data and applications. It argues that critical applications can be securely deployed in the cloud through efficient roadmaps and automation. The document also explains that cloud computing often provides better performance than on-premise data centers through scalability, redundancy, and auto-scaling of resources.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
1. 1
Cloud computing
Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1
Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing .............................................................................................................. 2
Virtualization and Private Clouds .................................................................................................................. 4
Applicability................................................................................................................................................... 5
Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry ................................................................................................ 5
Molecular Modeling ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Symyx Technologies ...................................................................................................................................... 6
CambridgeSoft .............................................................................................................................................. 7
ChemAxon and Partners ............................................................................................................................... 8
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
References .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Table 1. Selected Technologies ................................................................................................................... 10
Author ......................................................................................................................................................... 11
Introduction
According to Gartner’s Hype Cycle Special Report for 2009, “technologies at the ‘Peak of Inflated
Expectations’ during 2009 include cloud computing, e-books… and Internet TV, while social software and
microblogging sites…have tipped over the peak and will soon experience disillusionment among
enterprise users”. Is cloud computing also heading for the trough of disillusionment?
The Internet is often represented as a cloud and the term “cloud computing” arises from that analogy.
Accenture defines cloud computing as the dynamic provisioning of IT capabilities (hardware, software,
or services) from third parties over a network. McKinsey says that clouds are hardware-based services
offering compute, network and storage capacity where: hardware management is highly abstracted
from the buyer; buyers incur infrastructure costs as variable OPEX [operating expenditures]; and
infrastructure capacity is highly elastic (up or down).1 The cloud model differs from traditional
outsourcing in that customers do not hand over their own IT resources to be managed. Instead they plug
into the cloud, treating it as they would an internal data center or computer providing the same
functions.
Large companies can afford to build and expand their own data centers but small- to medium-sized
enterprises often choose to house their IT infrastructure in someone else’s facility. A colocation center is
a type of data center where multiple customers locate network, server and storage assets, and
interconnect to a variety of telecommunications and other network service providers with a minimum of
cost and complexity. A selection of companies in the collocation and cloud arena is presented in Table 1.
2. 2
Amazon has a head start but well known companies such as Microsoft, Google, and Apple have joined
the fray.2
Although not all the companies selected for Table 1 would agree on the definitions given in this article, it
is generally supposed that there are three basic types of cloud computing: Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). In IaaS, cpu, grids or clusters,
virtualized servers, memory, networks, storage and systems software are delivered as a service. Perhaps
the best known example is Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Service (S3), but
traditional IT vendors such as IBM, and telecoms providers such as AT&T and Verizon are also offering
solutions. Services are typically charged by usage and can be scaled dynamically, i.e. capacity can be
increased or decreased more or less on demand.
PaaS provides virtualized servers on which users can run applications, or develop new ones, without
having to worry about maintaining the operating systems, server hardware, load balancing or computing
capacity. Well known examples include Microsoft’s Azure and Salesforce’s Force.com. Microsoft Azure
provides database and platform services starting at $0.12 per hour for compute infrastructure; $0.15 per
gigabyte for storage; and $0.10 per 10,000 transactions. For SQL Azure, a cloud database, Microsoft is
charging $9.99 for a Web Edition, which comprises up to a 1 gigabyte relational database; and $99.99 for
a Business Edition, which holds up to a 10 gigabyte relational database. For .NET Services, a set of Web-
based developer tools for building cloud-based applications, Microsoft is charging $0.15 per 100,000
message operations.
SaaS is software that is developed and hosted by the SaaS vendor and which the end user accesses over
the Internet. Unlike traditional applications that users install on their computers or servers, SaaS
software is owned by the vendor and runs on computers in the vendor’s data center (or a colocation
facility). Broadly speaking, all customers of a SaaS vendor use the same software: these are one-size-fits-
all solutions. Well known examples are Salesforce.com, Google’s Gmail and Apps, instant messaging
from AOL, Yahoo and Google, and Voice-over Internet Protocol (VoIP) from Vonage and Skype.
Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing
The great advantage of cloud computing is “elasticity”: the ability to add capacity or applications almost
at a moment’s notice. Companies buy exactly the amount of storage, computing power, security and
other IT functions that they need from specialists in data-center computing. They get sophisticated data
center services on demand, in only the amount they need and can pay for, at service levels set with the
vendor, with capabilities that can be added or subtracted at will.
The metered cost, pay-as-you-go approach appeals to small- and medium-sized enterprises; little or no
capital investment and maintenance cost is needed. IT is remotely managed and maintained, typically
for a monthly fee, and the company can let go of “plumbing concerns”. Since the vendor has many
customers, it can lower the per-unit cost to each customer. Larger companies may find it easier to
manage collaborations in the cloud, rather than having to make holes in their firewalls for contract
research organizations. SaaS deployments usually take less time than in-house ones, upgrades are
3. 3
easier, and users are always using the most recent version of the application. There may be fewer bugs
because having only one version of the software reduces complexity.
This may all sound very appealing but there are downsides. In the cloud you may not have the kind of
control over your data or the performance of your applications that you need, or the ability to audit or
change the processes and policies under which users must work. Different parts of an application might
be in many places in the cloud. Complying with federal regulations such a Sarbanes Oxley, or FDA audit,
is extremely difficult. Monitoring and maintenance tools are immature. It is hard to get metrics out of
the cloud and general management of the work is not simple.3 There are systems management tools for
the cloud environment but they may not integrate with existing system management tools, so you are
likely to need two systems. Nevertheless, cloud computing may provide enough benefits to compensate
for the inconvenience of two tools.
Cloud customers may risk losing data by having them locked into proprietary formats and may lose
control of data because tools to see who is using them or who can view them are inadequate. Data loss
is a real risk. In October 2009 1 million US users of the T-Mobile Sidekick mobile phone and emailing
device lost data as a result of server failure at Danger, a company recently acquired by Microsoft.4 Bear
in mind, though, that it is easy to underestimate risks associated with the current environment while
overestimating the risk of a new one. Cloud computing is not risky for every system. Potential users need
to evaluate security measures such as firewalls, and encryption techniques and make sure that they will
have access to data and the software or source code if the service provider goes out of business.
It may not be easy to tailor service-level agreements (SLAs) to the specific needs of a business.
Compensation for downtime may be inadequate and SLAs are unlikely to cover concomitant damages,
but not all applications have stringent uptime requirements. It is sensible to balance the cost of
guaranteeing internal uptime against the advantages of opting for the cloud. It could be that your own
IT organization is not as sophisticated as it might seem.
Calculating cost savings is also not straightforward. Having little or no capital investment may actually
have tax disadvantages. SaaS deployments are cheaper initially than in-house installations and future
costs are predictable; after 3-5 years of monthly fees, however, SaaS may prove more expensive overall.
Large instances of EC2 are fairly expensive, but it is important to do the mathematics correctly and make
a fair estimate of the cost of an “on-premises” (i.e., in-house) operation.
Standards are immature and things change very rapidly in the cloud. All IaaS and SaaS providers use
different technologies and different standards. The storage infrastructure behind Amazon is different
from that of the typical data center (e.g., big Unix file systems). The Azure storage engine does not use a
standard relational database; Google’s App Engine does not support an SQL database. So you cannot
just move applications to the cloud and expect them to run. At least as much work is involved in moving
an application to the cloud as is involved in moving it from an existing server to a new one. There is also
the issue of employee skills: staff may need retraining and they may resent a change to the cloud and
fear job losses.
4. 4
Last but not least, there are latency and performance issues. The Internet connection may add to
latency or limit bandwidth. (Latency, in general, is the period of time that one component in a system is
wasting time waiting for another component. In networking, it is the amount of time it takes a packet to
travel from source to destination.) In future, programming models exploiting multithreading may hide
latency.5 Nevertheless, the service provider, not the scientist, controls the hardware, so unanticipated
sharing and reallocation of machines may affect run times. Interoperability is limited. In general, SaaS
solutions work best for non-strategic, non-mission-critical processes that are simple and standard and
not highly integrated with other business systems. Customized applications may demand an in-house
solution, but SaaS makes sense for applications that have become commoditized, such as reservation
systems in the travel industry.
Virtualization and Private Clouds
Virtualization of computers or operating systems hides the physical characteristics of a computing
platform from users; instead it shows another abstract computing platform. A hypervisor is a piece of
virtualization software that allows multiple operating systems to run on a host computer concurrently.
Virtualization providers include VMware, Microsoft, and Citrix Systems (see Table 1). Virtualization is an
enabler of cloud computing.
Recently some vendors have described solutions that emulate cloud computing on private networks,
referring to these as “private” or “internal” clouds (where “public” or “external” cloud describes cloud
computing in the traditional mainstream sense). Private cloud products claim to deliver some of the
benefits of cloud computing without the pitfalls. Hybrid solutions are also possible: building internal
clouds and connecting customer data centers to those of external cloud providers. It has been reported
that Eli Lilly wants to benefit from both internal and external clouds3 and that Amylin6 is looking at
private cloud VMware as a complement to EC2. Other experts, however, are skeptical: one has even
gone as far as to describe private clouds as absolute rubbish.7
Platform Computing has recently launched a cloud management system, Platform ISF, enabling
customers to manage workload across both virtual and physical environments and support multiple
hypervisors and operating systems from a single interface. VMware, the market leader in virtualization
technology, is moving into cloud technologies in a big way, with vSphere 4. The company is building a
huge partner network of service providers and is also releasing a “vCloud API”. VMware wants
customers to build a series of “virtual data centers”, each tailored to meet different requirements, and
then have the ability to move workloads in the virtual data centers to the infrastructure provided by
cloud vendors.
Cisco, EMC and VMware have formed a new venture called Acadia. Its strategy for private cloud
computing is based on Cisco’s servers and networking, VMware’s server virtualization and EMC’s
storage. (Note, by the way, that EMC owns nearly 85% of VMware.) Other vendors, such as Google,
disagree with VMware’s emphasis on private clouds; in return VMware says Google’s online applications
are not ready for the enterprise.
5. 5
Applicability
Not everyone agrees, but McKinsey has concluded1 as follows. “Clouds already make sense for many
small and medium-size businesses, but technical, operational and financial hurdles will need to be
overcome before clouds will be used extensively by large public and private enterprises. Rather than
create unrealizable expectations for “internal clouds”, CIOs should focus now on the immediate benefits
of virtualizing server storage, network operations, and other critical building blocks”. They recommend
that users should develop an overall strategy based on solid business cases not “cloud for the sake of
cloud”; use modular design in all new software to minimize costs when it comes time to migrate to the
cloud; and set up a Cloud CIO Council to advise industry.
Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry
In the pharmaceutical sector, where large amounts of sensitive data are currently kept behind
protective firewalls, security is a real concern, as is policing individual researchers’ access to the cloud.
Nevertheless, cheminformatics vendors are starting to look at cloud options, especially in terms of
Software as a Service (SaaS) and hosted informatics. In bioinformatics and number-crunching, the cloud
has distinct advantages. EC2 billing is typically hours times number of cpus, so, as an over-generalization,
the cost for 1 cpu for 1000 hours is the same as the cost of 1000 cpus for 1 hour. This makes cloud
computing appealing for speedy answers to complex calculations. Over the past two years, new DNA
sequencing technology has emerged allowing a much more comprehensive view of biological systems at
the genetic level. This so-called next-generation sequencing has increased by orders of magnitude the
already daunting deluge of laboratory data, resulting in an immense IT challenge. Could the cloud
provide a solution?
An unnamed pharmaceutical company found that processing BLAST databases and query jobs was time
consuming on its internal grid and approached Cycle Computing8 about running BLAST and other
applications in the cloud. After the customer had approved Cycle’s security model, Cycle built a
processing pipeline for BLAST that provides more than 7000 public databases from the National Center
for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Ensembl, and the Information Sciences Institute of the University
of Southern California (ISI) that are updated weekly. The CycleCloud BLAST service is now publicly
available to all users.
Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, and Genentech are already experimenting with cloud computing.9
Lilly has demonstrated the viability of cloud computing by launching a 64-machine cluster computer
working on bioinformatics sequence information, completing the work, and shutting down in 20
minutes, using Amazon’s EC2, at a cost of only $6.40, and a saving of 12 weeks’ processing. Pfizer’s
Biotherapeutics & Bioinnovation Center has used Amazon cloud services to develop and refine models in
antibody-antigen docking runs, shortening the process to two to three hours from two to three days.9
Porting applications to the cloud, however, is not straightforward. Cloud service providers such as
Amazon provide Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) but users need help in scheduling and using the
infrastructure. A cloud provider manages the security of its physical computer infrastructure, but users
are responsible for data encryption, data access control, and other security measures. Some of the
6. 6
companies listed in Table 1 supply such business application and security management services for cloud
computing. Pfizer is working with the BioTeam, a consulting firm, while Lilly is using software and
services from Cycle Computing and RightScale to access Amazon’s network and manage the transfer of
data onto and off of the cloud.9 Johnson and Johnson (J&J) is also a Cycle Computing customer.8 Lilly has
tried cloud applications in genomics, including BLAST; pharmacokinetics using NONMEM; statistics
through R; and simulations of clinical trial data.8 J&J has also experimented with NONMEM applications,
using Amazon Web Services (AWS) scripts.3
Molecular Modeling
Schrödinger is another company working with Cycle Computing. The two partners are offering cloud
solutions to run Schrödinger’s chemical simulation and molecular modeling software on elastic
resources in the US and Europe. Schrödinger argues as follows. Computation is central to drug discovery
but too often it is rate-limiting. Local computational resources, though they may be adequate on a time-
averaged basis, are often insufficient to perform the massive burst-mode computations needed to bring
a project forward in a timely fashion. Schrödinger believes that the combination of its own software and
CycleCloud offers a way to perform large computational experiments quickly, robustly and securely,
even when local resources are inadequate. Schrödinger plans eventually to make all its applications
available on the cloud, staging them in an order dictated by customer demand. The company is working
with interested customers on a case-by-case basis at this point, rather than pushing out a “cloud
product”. Schrödinger already has commercial customers running Glide on the cloud, and has in-house
experience with additional applications.
A spokesman for Schrödinger’s competitor Accelrys, says that Accelrys is pulling together its strategy
with regard to cloud computing, hosted informatics and SaaS. Some customers are experimenting with
the cloud to see whether it meets security standards, and whether the pricing model has benefits. There
are security guidelines. “It’s all about trust; it’s all about value”, says the spokesman. Amazon, Google
and Microsoft will gain trust. It is possible to build a mission-critical application that is cloud-based.
Admittedly, customization is a challenge; there is a balance between customization and configuration.
Accelrys must provide a solution that meets market demand. This issue is not unique to pharma.
Accelrys wants to make sure that its solutions meet customers’ demands and expectations.
Symyx Technologies
Symyx sees cloud computing and hosted solutions as very different. A spokesman says that the cloud is
awesome, for instance, for calculation or data look-up services where users want to overcome
bottlenecks that may be placed by high demand on single servers. Symyx customers are already doing
big QSAR calculations and homology modeling using EC2, but they have barriers that prevent them from
making full use of the cloud right now. They cannot accept the concept of grabbing at any available
service in the cloud, provided by a number of resources or servers from almost an undetermined source.
Pharmaceutical industry users often require audit trails and, in the cloud, following the audit trail can be
difficult. In “true SaaS” this can still be an issue if the system being used is multi-tenant and has no audit
trails for specific tenants. A hosted system can obviously be deployed and fine tuned to meet specific
7. 7
audit and security needs. Security is essential for registration and electronic laboratory notebook (ELN)
applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Symyx has extensive experience with hosting DiscoveryGate, its integrated platform for delivering
content from the primary and secondary literature, and tertiary reference information. The architecture
and data for Symyx’ DiscoveryGate Web service are hosted in a bullet-proof, secure environment with
24*7*365 service. The system runs on dedicated hardware hosting multiple VMware servers delivering
the Web service. The hardware can scale up to 300 VMware servers if needed, allowing Symyx to cope
with high demand. Added technology allows Symyx to load share requests between VMware servers
ensuring that all customers get a good service. The same environment will now be used to deliver
Symyx’ hosted ELN solution. Based on their business needs and security concerns, customers can choose
to have a “no frills”, multi-tenancy ELN, or choose a custom hosting solution for their ELN where they
have designated VMware servers, or just designated Oracle instances, as requested in some cases.
The hosted informatics infrastructure provided by Symyx is supported by Switch Communications
Group, an information storage and protection specialist. Switch provides highly secure, mission-critical,
interconnectivity, and disaster-avoidance colocation services, within guaranteed reliable, lowest risk (so-
called Tier 4+) facilities. The secure Switch facility where Symyx hosts the ELN service is compliant with
SAS 70, Type II auditing standards and specifications supporting disaster recovery and business
continuity plans. Third-party, offsite data backup, archiving and recovery services are also provided.
Hosted informatics provides cost benefits over the traditional software model because its shared
resources environment offers significant economies of scale, but moving to a hosted informatics model
is not just to cut costs: the primary goal is to improve operational agility.10 For example, partnering is a
key issue when it comes to hosting. A hole in an in-house firewall is costly to manage but a hosted
system streamlines outsourcing by enabling R&D organizations to turn on and turn off third-party
collaborators quickly and efficiently. Vendor, customers and collaborators can then concentrate on their
core competencies.
CambridgeSoft
Symyx’ competitor, CambridgeSoft has recently announced ChemBioOffice Cloud, an integrated
informatics suite available over the Internet, also allowing customers to focus on the science while
CambridgeSoft takes care of the science IT. CambridgeSoft believes that staffing and running an IT
department is not core to the research activities for a growing number of today’s life science companies.
To meet its customers’ needs, CambridgeSoft offers professional, standard, basic and customized
hosting services. All hosting models cover database maintenance, application maintenance, hardware
and software maintenance, monitoring, support and help desk for CambridgeSoft E-Notebook,
Inventory, Registration, BioAssay and BioSAR. A special team is dedicated solely to customer hosted
solutions. The team involves hardware and operating system specialists, Oracle DBA’s, and application
and support specialists and project managers strategically positioned worldwide to provide 24*7
support. Like Symyx, CambridgeSoft offers high standards of security and reliability in its colocation
8. 8
facilities. Rather than repeat the complexities of industry standards and jargon, we refer the reader to a
detailed white paper on the company’s Web site.11
ChemAxon and Partners
In response to increasing demand for software as a service and hosted cheminformatics solutions,
DeltaSoft and ChemAxon have teamed up to provide a suite of fully hosted applications, including
compound registration, inventory, bioassay, and structure activity searching and reporting.12 DeltaSoft
already had a suite of Web applications based on chemical cartridge technology and ChemAxon has a
cartridge and a suite of tools. Several joint customers had internal and virtualized servers with the
ChemCart suite and the ChemAxon cartridge, so further collaboration made sense.
DeltaSoft currently offers the ChemCart suite hosted internally, externally, or in the cloud. For the cloud,
the company uses Amazon EC2. Oracle explicitly supports Amazon Web Services. EC2 provides ready-
made “machine images” (AMIs), which include both operating systems (Linux or Windows) and Oracle
images. This makes the installation very quick and easy; DeltaSoft simply installs its components on top
of these machine images. ChemCart is already a Web based product, so DeltaSoft was able to take
advantage quickly of this new platform without any code changes.
The ChemCart modules currently offered using Amazon on the backend are Compound Registration,
Electronic Laboratory Notebook, Reagent Inventory, Sample Inventory, BioAssay, and Structure Activity
Browser; further cloud offerings are planned in the future. In addition to these SaaS offerings, DeltaSoft
also offers the basic ChemCart product as a Platform as a Service (PaaS) offering, allowing users to
develop custom Web applications quickly and easily in the cloud. DeltaSoft has licensing agreements
with both ChemAxon and Oracle to provide the underlying chemistry cartridge and other components in
its chemistry solutions, so it can offer a complete package to customers. Other chemistry cartridges are
also supported, but they would be licensed separately.
Contur Software is another partner of ChemAxon’s. Contur has added chemistry functionality12 in
iLabber, the company’s recently launched ELN system available as an online service. Using a software as
a service (SaaS) model, Contur Software is making iLabber available to individual researchers and smaller
R&D organisations that previously have not been able to use high-end ELN systems due to the cost of
hardware, licences and maintenance. The added functionality gives users of iLabber access to chemistry
drawing, chemical structure and reaction searching, stoichiometric calculations (reaction planning), and
iLabber’s reagent and reactant databases. All chemistry searching in iLabber is powered by JChem
Cartridge. In addition, MarvinSketch is provided to premium users at no extra cost. To use iLabber,
scientists download a desktop client; operation, maintenance and data storage is managed by Contur
Software. The service is available to individual researchers and smaller research groups (recommended
up to 15 users). Individual researchers use iLabber for free, while there is a fee of $60 per month and
user for commercial organisations. Academic institutions pay half of that fee.
9. 9
Conclusion
Trevor Heritage, CEO of Symyx, claims that pharma’s concerns about data and operations security are
largely alleviated by today’s mature scalable and redundant multitier architectures, and shared
resources environments.10 Third-party data centers offer facilities to isolate customer data, perform
regular backups, and minimize failure through redundancy. Detailed service level agreements spell out
responsibilities. There are standards for disaster recovery and business continuity to protect SaaS
customers. His arguments are persuasive for hosted informatics but it is obvious that big pharma is
unlikely to risk its intellectual property in the public cloud at large, as the technology currently stands.
References
1. McKinsey & Co. Report presented at Uptime Institute Symposium April 18, 2009. Clearing the Air on
Cloud Computing. http://uptimeinstitute.org/content/view/353/319;
http://images.cxotoday.com/cxoimages/storyimages/matter101157.pdf (accessed November 27, 2009).
2. Clash of the Clouds. The Economist October 15, 2009.
http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14637206 (accessed November 15, 2009).
3. Proffitt, A. Pharma’s Early Cloud Adopters. BioIT World, November/December 2009, pp.31-32.
4. Microsoft Sidekick users lose data.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/microsoft/6316609/Microsoft-Sidekick-users-lose-data.html
(accessed November 28, 2009)
5. Farber, R. Cloud Computing: Pie in the Sky? ScientificComputing.com, November/December 2009
6. Davies, K. Amylin, Amazon, and the Cloud. BioIT World, November/December 2009, pp. 35, 42.
7. Davies, K. The “C” Word. BioIT World, November/December 2009, pp. 24-26, 42.
8. Davies, K. Cycle Computing’s Tour de Cloud. BioIT World, November/December 2009, pp.28-29.
9. Mullin, R. The New Computing Pioneers. Chem. Eng. News 2009, 87(21), 10-14.
10. Heritage, T. Hosted Informatics: Bringing Cloud Computing Down to Earth with Bottom-line Benefits
for Pharma. Next Generation Pharmaceutical, Issue 17, October 2009.
http://www.symyx.com/micro/hosted-informatics/ (accessed November 29, 2009).
11. Describing the Cloud. Details of CambridgeSoft’s Hosted Computing Environment.
http://chembionews.cambridgesoft.com/WhitePapers/PDF/DescribingTheCloud.pdf (accessed
November 28, 2009).
12. Report on ChemAxon Users Group meeting.
http://www.chemaxon.com/UGM/09/09_UGM_report_Warr.html (accessed November 28, 2009)
10. 10
Table 1. Selected Technologies
Company/technol Web site Comments
ogy
Amazon Web http://aws.amazon.com/ Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
Services (Amazon EC2)
Amazon SimpleDB
Amazon Simple Storage Service
(Amazon S3)
Amazon CloudFront
Amazon Simple Queue Service
(Amazon SQS)
Amazon Elastic MapReduce
Amazon Relational Database
Service (Amazon RDS)
AWS Premium Support
Cirrhus9 http://www.cirrhus9.com/ IT infrastructure.
C9 Cloud computing integration
services
Citrix Systems http://www.citrix.com/English/ps2/products/pro Citrix Cloud Center (C3)
duct.asp?contentID=1681633 virtualization and networking
products
Cycle Computing http://www.cyclecomputing.com/ CycleServer: administration for
managing and using Condor
pools
CycleCloud: secure, on-demand
grids via CycleCloud, built on
Amazon Web Services
Cloud FS file system for building
storage cloud
Google App http://code.google.com/appengine/ Development stack for building
Engine and hosting Web applications
IBM http://www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud/ Dynamic infrastructure.
Service management for cloud
computing.
IBM software in a cloud
environment using Amazon
Machine Images
Isilon http://www.isilon.com/ Scalable Network Attached
Storage (NAS) solution
Microsoft http://www.microsoft.com/windowsazure/ Windows Azure: operating
Windows Azure system as a service.
Microsoft SQL Azure: relational
database in the cloud
Nirvanix http://www.nirvanix.com/solutions/index.aspx Cloud storage solutions
Nirvanix http://www.nirvanix.com/solutions/index.aspx Nirvanix Storage Delivery
11. 11
Network: cloud storage for the
enterprise
ParaScale http://www.parascale.com/ Software-only solution to
create, manage and power
cloud storage
Platform http://www.platform.com/ Cluster, grid and cloud
Computing management software
RightScale http://www.rightscale.com/ RightScale cloud management
platform
Salesforce http://www.salesforce.com Cloud infrastructure.
Force.com platform including
database, security, workflow,
user interface, and other tools.
Customer Relationship
Management applications
Sun Cloud http://www.sun.com/solutions/cloudcomputing/ Developer tools.
Computing index.jsp Sun Cloud Partner Initiative
Scalable infrastructure
Switch http://www.switchnap.com/ Highly secure, mission-critical
Communications interconnectivity and disaster-
Group avoidance colocation services
Univa UD http://www.univaud.com/ Infrastructure products for
private cloud, hybrid cloud and
intelligent cloud
VMware http://www.vmware.com/ vSphere data center
virtualization.
vCloud Express for VMware
Virtualized infrastructure.
Private cloud
Author
Dr. Wendy A. Warr, Wendy Warr & Associates (wendy@warr.com, http://www.warr.com), November
2009