Cloud computing offers on-demand access to computing resources and data storage over the internet. There are various types of cloud including public, private, hybrid, and community clouds. Cloud services provide infrastructure (IaaS), platforms (PaaS), and software (SaaS). IaaS provides virtual servers and storage, PaaS provides development environments, and SaaS provides applications. Containerization encapsulates applications and dependencies to run consistently across infrastructures. Benefits of cloud include cost savings, scalability, and ease of collaboration, but limitations include loss of control and security concerns.

1. Cloud Computing
Sean Connolly D20124903

2. What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing offers a range of services to provide physical and
virtual resources and data storage, alongside other tools, hosted in
remote data centres and accessed via the internet for a subscription or
pay-as-you-go fee.

3. Types of cloud
Community
Public
Private
Hybrid
• Public cloud providers like Microsoft and AWS host data and applications where public
individuals and business pay a fee to access the services
• Vast capacity makes scalability a trivial task. Providers will offer many services, e.g., backups
• Cloud is privately accessible by a single organisation and secured behind a firewall
• Gives an organisation a high level of control over security and policies but comes at an
increased cost of maintenance and upgrades
• Composed of public and private clouds. Sensitive data can be stored privately.
• Organisation may retain critical data applications on private cloud, but use public cloud for
additional storage or running apps, e.g., Office365
• Multi-tenant platform shared by entities with some shared interest or common goal.
• Often used by government agencies or conglomerate organisations

4. Applications
Data
O/S
Runtime
Middleware
Virtualisation
Servers
Storage
Networking
Applications
Data
O/S
Runtime
Middleware
Virtualisation
Servers
Storage
Networking
Applications
Data
O/S
Runtime
Middleware
Virtualisation
Servers
Storage
Networking
Features of cloud computing
• Service orientated architectures
• Virtualisation technology simulates
hardware functionality
• Cloud is composed of vast data centers
• Challenges to manage energy consumption
• IaaS vs PaaS vs SaaS (next slides)
• Software providers moving to SaaS, e.g.
Adobe Creative Cloud and Office 365
IaaS PaaS SaaS

5. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Applications
Data
O/S
Runtime
Middleware
Virtualisation
Servers
Storage
Networking
• Client manages the operating system, middleware and software
while the provider manages the servers, storage, virtualisation and
networking
• Client retains full control over installation and version control of
software on the virtual machine
• This is an alternative to owning physical hardware and provides
flexibility and rapid scalability
• Limitations are concerns around security of data and transparency
of where and how data is stored
• Examples are AWS and Microsoft Azure

6. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Applications
Data
O/S
Runtime
Middleware
Virtualisation
Servers
Storage
Networking
• Provides the virtualisation and run time
environment
• Client can interact through workflow design tools,
CLIs, or APIs
• Allows for rapid development that is scalable
• Possible issues of compatibility and integration
with legacy systems
• Example of PaaS is Heroku for web app
deployment

7. Software as a Service (SaaS)
Applications
Data
O/S
Runtime
Middleware
Virtualisation
Servers
Storage
Networking
• Client logs into a software application over internet,
usually through a URL or using an app
• Application is a standard offering with limited options for
customisation
• The provider manages upgrades and updates that are
seamless to the client
• Very low maintenance overhead for the clients
• Client has little or no control over any aspect of the
application, including security
• An example is Dropbox for file storage

8. Containerisation
• Unlike VM, a container does not bundle O/S
• Contains all dependencies for software to work
• Used to encapsulate microservices
• Lightweight and efficient resource usage
• Guarantees software will run regardless of deployment
• Analogy is to how shipping containers standardised
freight handling
• Docker and Kubernetes are popular examples

9. Comparison of big players (Petters, 2020)
• Developer and
management tools
• Machine learning and
predictive analytics
• Databases and storage
solutions
• Business productivity tools
• App integration
• Big data and predictive
analytics
• Game and app
development
• Scalable data warehousing
• Blockchain technology
• DevOps
• IoT integration
• Data management and
storage
• App development
• Small and Medium Business
(SMB) business analytics
and AI
• Productivity and workload
management tools

10. Benefits of Cloud
• Cost effective through efficient allocation of resources
• Flexible payment, pay-as-you-go models
• Rapidly scalable
• High performance
• Software versioning and updates can be seamlessly managed
• Data can be backed up for business continuity and disaster recovery
• High availability
• Ease to share and collaborate
Limitations of Cloud
• Vendor lock-in
• Loss of direct control, e.g., versioning, upgrades, governance
• Limited transparency on security and privacy protocols
• Security concerns around shared resources
• Data centres are high profile targets for cyber attackers

11. References and bibliography
Petters, J. (2020). AWS vs Azure vs Google: Cloud Services Comparison. Retrieved from
https://blogvaronis2.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/aws-vs-azure-vs-google-
overview.png
IBM. (n.d.). IBM Cloud Learn Hub. Retrieved from https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn
Microsoft. (n.d.). What is cloud computing?. Retrieved from https://azure.microsoft.com/en-
us/overview/what-is-cloud-computing/#cloud-computing-models
Docker. (n.d.). What is a Container? Retrieved from https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container
Felter, B. (2021). The Different Types of Cloud Computing and How They Differ. Retrieved from
https://www.vxchnge.com/blog/different-types-of-cloud-computing