Clindam patient information leaflet
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For more information about CLINDAM,kindly visit the following link: https://www.pharmatop1.com/clindam-in-arabic/
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Clindamycin
Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic used to treat serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria and certain strains of gram-positive bacteria. It works by binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis. Common infections treated include lower respiratory tract infections, skin/soft tissue infections, bone/joint infections, and septicemia. Adverse effects can include gastrointestinal issues and hypersensitivity reactions. Safety in pregnancy has not been established.
Lincosamides ppt (1).pptx
The document discusses lincosamides, a group of protein inhibiting antimicrobials with activity similar to macrolides. It describes specific lincosamides including lincomycin, clindamycin, and pirlimycin. Lincosamides prevent bacterial replication by interfering with protein synthesis in bacteria. They are used to treat various gram-positive bacterial infections and anaerobic infections. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues. Resistance can develop through methylation of the drug's binding site on the bacterial ribosome.
تشخيص بكتريا.pptx
Mycoplasma and Chlamydia are important human pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia in young people and is treated with erythromycin or tetracycline. Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are normal flora but can cause genital infections treated similarly. Chlamydia trachomatis causes trachoma, genital infections, and lymphogranuloma venereum. It is diagnosed via staining or culture and treated with tetracycline or erythromycin. Chlamydia pneumoniae causes pneumonia and other respiratory infections diagnosed serologically and treated with tetracycline or macrolides.
Conjunctivitis.pptx
Bacterial conjunctivitis is inflammation of the bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva arising from a broad group of bacterial pathogens. It is also known as "pink eye".
Clindamycine,,
Clindamycin is an antibiotic of the lincosamide class used to treat infections caused by certain bacteria. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It is absorbed well orally or parenterally and distributes widely throughout the body. Common uses include treating respiratory, skin, bone, and intra-abdominal infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and some protozoa. Adverse effects include diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. It is commonly prescribed for dental infections when penicillin cannot be used due to allergy.
Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and has concentration-independent bactericidal activity. It is administered via intramuscular or intravenous injection, distributes well throughout the body including cerebrospinal fluid, and has a half-life of 7-8 hours. Common indications include lower respiratory, urinary tract, and abdominal infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Notable adverse effects include phlebitis, gastrointestinal upset, and skin reactions.
Lincosamide, Glycopeptides & UTI
Clindamycin. a potent lincosamide antibiotic is similar in
mechanism of action (inhibits protein synthesis
by binding to 50S ribosome) and spectrum of
activity to erythromycin.
Oral absorption of clindamycin is good. It
penetrates into most skeletal and soft tissues,
but not in brain and CSF; accumulates in neutrophils
and macrophages. It is largely metabolized and
metabolites are excreted in urine and bile. The
t½ is 3 hr.
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic discovered in 1956
as a penicillin substitute which assumed special
significance due to efficacy against MRSA,
Strep. viridans, Enterococcus and Cl. difficile.
Bactericidal action is exerted on gram-positive
cocci, Neisseria, Clostridia and diphtheroids.
However, in hospitals where it has been
extensively used for surgical prophylaxis, etc.
URINARY ANTISEPTICS
Some orally administered AMAs attain antibacterial
concentration only in urine, with little or
no systemic antibacterial effect. Like many other
drugs, they are concentrated in the kidney tubules,
and are useful mainly in lower urinary tract
infection. They have been called urinary
antiseptics because this may be considered as
a form of local therapy. Nitrofurantoin and
methenamine are two such agents; infrequently
used now. Nalidixic acid can also
be considered to be a urinary antiseptic.
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Recommended
Clindamycin
Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic used to treat serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria and certain strains of gram-positive bacteria. It works by binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis. Common infections treated include lower respiratory tract infections, skin/soft tissue infections, bone/joint infections, and septicemia. Adverse effects can include gastrointestinal issues and hypersensitivity reactions. Safety in pregnancy has not been established.
Lincosamides ppt (1).pptx
The document discusses lincosamides, a group of protein inhibiting antimicrobials with activity similar to macrolides. It describes specific lincosamides including lincomycin, clindamycin, and pirlimycin. Lincosamides prevent bacterial replication by interfering with protein synthesis in bacteria. They are used to treat various gram-positive bacterial infections and anaerobic infections. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues. Resistance can develop through methylation of the drug's binding site on the bacterial ribosome.
تشخيص بكتريا.pptx
Mycoplasma and Chlamydia are important human pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia in young people and is treated with erythromycin or tetracycline. Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are normal flora but can cause genital infections treated similarly. Chlamydia trachomatis causes trachoma, genital infections, and lymphogranuloma venereum. It is diagnosed via staining or culture and treated with tetracycline or erythromycin. Chlamydia pneumoniae causes pneumonia and other respiratory infections diagnosed serologically and treated with tetracycline or macrolides.
Conjunctivitis.pptx
Bacterial conjunctivitis is inflammation of the bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva arising from a broad group of bacterial pathogens. It is also known as "pink eye".
Clindamycine,,
Clindamycin is an antibiotic of the lincosamide class used to treat infections caused by certain bacteria. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It is absorbed well orally or parenterally and distributes widely throughout the body. Common uses include treating respiratory, skin, bone, and intra-abdominal infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and some protozoa. Adverse effects include diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. It is commonly prescribed for dental infections when penicillin cannot be used due to allergy.
Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and has concentration-independent bactericidal activity. It is administered via intramuscular or intravenous injection, distributes well throughout the body including cerebrospinal fluid, and has a half-life of 7-8 hours. Common indications include lower respiratory, urinary tract, and abdominal infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Notable adverse effects include phlebitis, gastrointestinal upset, and skin reactions.
Lincosamide, Glycopeptides & UTI
Clindamycin. a potent lincosamide antibiotic is similar in
mechanism of action (inhibits protein synthesis
by binding to 50S ribosome) and spectrum of
activity to erythromycin.
Oral absorption of clindamycin is good. It
penetrates into most skeletal and soft tissues,
but not in brain and CSF; accumulates in neutrophils
and macrophages. It is largely metabolized and
metabolites are excreted in urine and bile. The
t½ is 3 hr.
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic discovered in 1956
as a penicillin substitute which assumed special
significance due to efficacy against MRSA,
Strep. viridans, Enterococcus and Cl. difficile.
Bactericidal action is exerted on gram-positive
cocci, Neisseria, Clostridia and diphtheroids.
However, in hospitals where it has been
extensively used for surgical prophylaxis, etc.
URINARY ANTISEPTICS
Some orally administered AMAs attain antibacterial
concentration only in urine, with little or
no systemic antibacterial effect. Like many other
drugs, they are concentrated in the kidney tubules,
and are useful mainly in lower urinary tract
infection. They have been called urinary
antiseptics because this may be considered as
a form of local therapy. Nitrofurantoin and
methenamine are two such agents; infrequently
used now. Nalidixic acid can also
be considered to be a urinary antiseptic.
Therapeutics in oral surgery
This document discusses therapeutics used in oral surgery, including antimicrobials, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory drugs. It describes various classes of antimicrobials like antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals, and how they are classified based on the type of organism they act upon and spectrum of activity. Analgesics discussed include NSAIDs and opioids. Anti-inflammatory drugs mentioned are corticosteroids. The document provides details on specific drugs under each class, their indications, properties, and considerations for administration in oral surgery.
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This document summarizes several classes of antibacterial antibiotics, including macrolides, lincosamides, glycopeptides, and polypeptide antibiotics. It describes the structures, mechanisms of action, spectra of activity, pharmacokinetics, uses, and resistance mechanisms of specific drugs in each class, including erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, vancomycin, clindamycin, polymyxin B, and colistin. The document provides detailed information on individual drugs and their clinical applications for treating various bacterial infections.
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2. Antimicrobial drugs can be classified based on their chemical structure, mechanism of action, type of organism targeted, and spectrum of activity. They may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal.
3. Issues that can arise with antimicrobial use include toxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, and development of resistance via mutation or gene transfer between microorganisms.
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This document discusses macrolide antibiotics, including erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin. It provides details on their origins, mechanisms of action, antimicrobial spectra, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects. The key points are:
- Macrolides are a class of antibiotics derived from the bacterium Streptomyces that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
- They are mainly effective against gram-positive bacteria and some gram-negatives.
- They bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit to prevent bacterial protein synthesis.
- Newer macrolides like azithromycin have expanded spectra and more favorable dosing compared to eryth
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Tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium species, mainly M. tuberculosis, which is transmitted via airborne droplets. It most commonly affects the lungs, causing symptoms like cough and sputum production. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray, sputum smear and culture. Treatment involves a multi-drug regimen over 6-12 months to prevent resistance. Complications include pleural effusion, pneumonia or other organ involvement. Prevention focuses on treatment of active cases, BCG vaccination, and improving socioeconomic conditions.
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This document discusses the role of antibiotics in dental surgery (exodontics). It covers the history of antibiotics, definitions, classifications, mechanisms of action, factors influencing efficacy, rational antibiotic usage, choices of antibiotics, and prevention of misuse and abuse. The key points are:
1. Antibiotics are substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. They are classified based on their source, family, spectrum, effect, and gram-positive/negative activity.
2. Antibiotics work by altering bacterial cell membranes, inhibiting cell wall synthesis, and interfering with protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Their efficacy depends on drug binding, bacterial load, host defenses, and ability to reach the infection site.
UNICLIN Chamber Presentation
This document summarizes information about the antibiotic Clindamycin. It is a broad-spectrum, bactericidal antibiotic that works by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis. It is effective against odontogenic infections and has good penetration and safety. Common side effects include diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Clindamycin is considered safe in pregnancy but can potentially cause adverse effects if breastfed. Its use has been associated with pseudomembranous colitis caused by C. difficile overgrowth.
Bacterial keratitis
This document discusses bacterial keratitis, including common pathogens, risk factors, symptoms, signs, investigations, management, and visual rehabilitation. It notes that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are common causes. Risk factors include contact lens wear and ocular surface disease. Treatment involves topical antibiotics, with fluoroquinolones or combination therapy used. Steroids may be added after initial antibiotic treatment but are avoided if thinning/perforation occur. Systemic antibiotics are used if systemic involvement is possible. Surgical intervention like patching or keratoplasty may be needed for perforations or dense scarring.
Principles of Fungal Diagnosis and Treatment
Fungal infections can be caused by yeasts, molds, or dimorphic fungi. Common fungal infections include candidiasis, dermatophyte infections, and systemic mycoses. Candida commonly causes oral and vaginal infections. Dermatophytes cause ringworm. Systemic mycoses like histoplasmosis and aspergillosis primarily affect immunocompromised individuals. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, antigen testing, or molecular methods. Treatment depends on the infecting fungus and severity of infection, ranging from topical antifungals to intravenous antifungals.
Anthelmintics
Helminthiasis worm infestation, Roundworm, hookworm, pinworm, and whipworm infestations and their treatment. Chemistry and SAR of anthelmintic agents
Syphilis
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Antibiotics inhibiting protein synthesis 4 lincosamides, streptogramins and o...
Antibiotics inhibiting protein synthesis include lincosamides like clindamycin, streptogramins like quinupristin/dalfopristin, and oxazolidinones like linezolid. Clindamycin binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis. Quinupristin and dalfopristin act synergistically to bind separate sites on the 50S subunit. Linezolid inhibits protein synthesis by preventing formation of the ribosome complex initiating protein synthesis. These antibiotics have activity against gram-positive bacteria and are used to treat infections caused by resistant organisms.
كلوروبرومازين : دواء متعدد الاستخدامات لحالات متعددة
الكلوربرومازين هو دواء يستخدم منذ عقود لعلاج مجموعة من اضطرابات الصحة العقلية. ينتمي إلى فئة من العقاقير تعرف باسم مضادات الذهان ، والتي تعمل عن طريق تغيير مستويات بعض المواد الكيميائية في الدماغ لتحسين الأعراض مثل الهلوسة والأوهام والتفكير المضطرب.
لارجاكتيل للقلق واضطرابات النوم: الجرعات والآثار الجانبية
الكلوربرومازين ( المكون النشط فى أقراص لارجاكتيل ) يعمل من خلال منع مجموعة متنوعة من المستقبلات في المخ ، وبخاصة مستقبلات الدوبامين. و الدوبامين هو أسم مركب كميائى يفرز بواسطة الخلايا العصبية ، و يلعب دورا هاما في نقل الرسائل بين خلايا المخ ، كما أن مادة الدوبامين تشارك في تنظيم المزاج والسلوك، من بين أمور أخرى.
مرض الفصام ( مرض ذهاني ) ، فى العادة ما ينجم عن فرط نشاط الدوبامين في المخ ، و الكلوربرومازين يمنع مادة الدوبامين من الوصول الى مستقبلاتها ، و هذا يمنع فرط نشاط الدوبامين في الدماغ.، مما يساعد على التحكم في هذا المرض الذهاني.
لارجاكتيل يعمل على تحسين الأفكار المضطربة، والمشاعر والسلوك في مختلف الظروف النفسية، بما في ذلك الفصام والهوس، والاضطرابات السلوكية التي تنطوي على العدوان أو التحريض أو الإثارة الشديدة.، و أقراص لارجاكتيل لها تأثير مهدئ وتسيطر على العدوان، الأوهام والهلوسة.
يستعمل الكلوربرومازين ، على المدى الطويل ، في حالات نفسية مثل الفصام. كما أنة يستخدم على المدى القصير للسيطرة على حالات القلق الشديد والسلوك المهتاج أو العنيف أو الخطير.
تؤثر أيضا أقراص لارجاكتيل على مستقبلات الدوبامين في منطقة من الدماغ التى تتحكم في الغثيان والقيء، و لذلك تستخدم أقراص لارجاكتيل في بعض الأحيان فى السيطرة على الغثيان والقيء ، عندما كانت الأدوية الأخرى المتاحة غير فعالة .
طريقة عمل لارجاكتيل ، فى علاج الزغطة (الفواق ) غير معروفة.
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2. Antibiotics work by altering bacterial cell membranes, inhibiting cell wall synthesis, and interfering with protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Their efficacy depends on drug binding, bacterial load, host defenses, and ability to reach the infection site.
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الكلوربرومازين هو دواء يستخدم منذ عقود لعلاج مجموعة من اضطرابات الصحة العقلية. ينتمي إلى فئة من العقاقير تعرف باسم مضادات الذهان ، والتي تعمل عن طريق تغيير مستويات بعض المواد الكيميائية في الدماغ لتحسين الأعراض مثل الهلوسة والأوهام والتفكير المضطرب.
لارجاكتيل للقلق واضطرابات النوم: الجرعات والآثار الجانبية
الكلوربرومازين ( المكون النشط فى أقراص لارجاكتيل ) يعمل من خلال منع مجموعة متنوعة من المستقبلات في المخ ، وبخاصة مستقبلات الدوبامين. و الدوبامين هو أسم مركب كميائى يفرز بواسطة الخلايا العصبية ، و يلعب دورا هاما في نقل الرسائل بين خلايا المخ ، كما أن مادة الدوبامين تشارك في تنظيم المزاج والسلوك، من بين أمور أخرى.
مرض الفصام ( مرض ذهاني ) ، فى العادة ما ينجم عن فرط نشاط الدوبامين في المخ ، و الكلوربرومازين يمنع مادة الدوبامين من الوصول الى مستقبلاتها ، و هذا يمنع فرط نشاط الدوبامين في الدماغ.، مما يساعد على التحكم في هذا المرض الذهاني.
لارجاكتيل يعمل على تحسين الأفكار المضطربة، والمشاعر والسلوك في مختلف الظروف النفسية، بما في ذلك الفصام والهوس، والاضطرابات السلوكية التي تنطوي على العدوان أو التحريض أو الإثارة الشديدة.، و أقراص لارجاكتيل لها تأثير مهدئ وتسيطر على العدوان، الأوهام والهلوسة.
يستعمل الكلوربرومازين ، على المدى الطويل ، في حالات نفسية مثل الفصام. كما أنة يستخدم على المدى القصير للسيطرة على حالات القلق الشديد والسلوك المهتاج أو العنيف أو الخطير.
تؤثر أيضا أقراص لارجاكتيل على مستقبلات الدوبامين في منطقة من الدماغ التى تتحكم في الغثيان والقيء، و لذلك تستخدم أقراص لارجاكتيل في بعض الأحيان فى السيطرة على الغثيان والقيء ، عندما كانت الأدوية الأخرى المتاحة غير فعالة .
طريقة عمل لارجاكتيل ، فى علاج الزغطة (الفواق ) غير معروفة.
Rybelsus to control weight- all you need to know .pdf
قمنا بتجميع قائمة بالأسئلة الشائعة حول التنحيف باستعمال ريبلسس لمساعدتك على فهم المنتج بشكل أفضل. الجرعة، متى يبدأ المفعول، كم كيلوجرام ساخسر، ما هى مدة الاستعمال، وغيرها من الاسئلة الشائعة المرتبطة بالتنحيف باستعمال ريبلسس
ويلمان للرجال.pdf
ويلمان، هو مكمل غذائي يمدك بـمزيج من الفيتامينات والمعادن مع الجنسنج والكو إنزيم كيو١٠ وإل كارنيتين - مكونات كبسولات ويلمان لها آثار مضادة للتأكسد قوية، المستحضرات المضادة للتأكسد مثل ويلمان تُساهم في:
الوقاية من أمراض القلب.
مكافحة الاضطرابات العصبية والمزاجية ...مثل القلق والاكتئاب وكذلك الأمراض العصبية المعقدة مثل مرض الشلل الرعاش والزهايمر.
تعزيز دفاعات جسمك الطبيعية.
تقليل آثار الشيخوخة، والتقدم فى السن.
كيف تحصل على حبوب الإجهاض - مصر
تختار بعض النساء إنهاء حملهن مبكرًا لأسباب مختلفة، ونحن نؤمن أن لدى جميع النساء في أى مكان، الحق في الحصول على خيارات آمنة للاجهاض، ونعمل من أجل توفير حقائق ومعلومات متعلقة بأدوية الاجهاض مثل ما المفروض أن يؤخذ بعين الاعتبار مسبقا قبل إستعمال الأدوية المُجهضة، وكيفية الحصول على حبوب الاجهاض عالية الجودة، وكيفية استخدامها بأمان وماذا يمكنك أن تتوقعي ومتى يجب اللجؤ إلى مساعدة طبية عند الحاجة. رسالتنا تقتضي توعية النساء بالمعلومات اللازمة لاجتياز عملية إنهاء الحمل المبكر بأمان وسلامة. وقد بذلنا كل جهد ممكن لضمان دقة المعلومات الواردة.
زوكور حبوب خفض دهون الدم: الأستعمال، الجرعة، السلبيات
الكوليسترول هو واحد من العديد من المواد الدهنية الموجودة في الدورة الدموية. يتكون الكوليسترول الكلي أساسا من الكوليسترول منخفض الكثافة والكوليسترول عالي الكثافة. عادة ما يسمى الكوليسترول منخفض الكثافة (الكوليسترول الضار) لأنه يمكن ان يتراكم على جدران الشرايين مشكلا لويحة، وفي النهاية يمكن ان يؤدي تراكم المواد الدهنية هذه الى ضيق الشرايين وهذا الضيق يمكن ان يبطئ أو يمنع تدفق الدم الى الاعضاء الحيوية مثل القلب والمخ ويمكن ان يؤدي منع تدفق الدم هذا إلى حدوث نوبة قلبية او سكتة دماغية.
عادة ما يسمى الكوليسترول عالي الكثافة، بالكوليسترول المفيد، لأنه يمنع الكوليسترول الضار من التراكم على في الشرايين ويقي من أمراض القلب. تعد الدهون الثلاثية شكلا آخر من الدهون الموجودة بالدم، فهي تزيد من مخاطر حدوث أمراض القلب.
الوقاية من فطريات الفم
في ما يلي بعض النصائح و الإرشادات الواجب اتباعها للوقاية من، و أيضا عند معالجة فطريات الفم:
غسل يدي الطفل بشكلٍ دوريّ بالماء الدافئ والصابون، وكذلك الأمر لمقدّم الرعاية للطفل.
الحرص على اتّباع تعليمات وإرشادات الطبيب بعناية عند استخدام مضادات الفطريات.
إغلي الأدوات التي يضعها الطفل في فمه بالماء لمدة تتراوح بين 5-10 دقائق بعد كل استخدام؛ وذلك لتعقيمها و للوقاية من إصابة الطفل بالعدوى مرة أخرى بعد الشفاء، ومن أمثلة هذه الأدوات الألعاب واللهايات وحلمات الرضاعات.
غسل أواني الشرب الخاصة بالطفل بالماء الدافئ الصابون بعد كل استخدام.
الحرص على تنظيف حلمة الثدي قبل الرضاعة الطبيعية.
علاج فطريات الفم في الرضع و الاطفال
يعتمد علاج فطريات الفم عند الأطفال على عدد من العوامل المختلفة مثل شدّة العدوى، والعُمُر، والأعراض، والصحّة العامّة للطفل المصاب. وفيما يأتي بعض الطرق العلاجية المتبعة:
المراقبة والانتظار: لا تحتاج بعض حالات فطريات الفم لدى الأطفال الرضّع للعلاج، خاصّةً الخفيفة منها، وقد تزول من تلقاء نفسها خلال عدّة أيّام، لذلك وبحسب شدّة الحالة قد ينصح الطبيب بالاكتفاء بالمراقبة والانتظار قبل وصف أيّ من العلاجات.
مضادات الفطريات الموضعية: هى ادوية تستخدم بشكل موضعي في الفم ، و في الغالب تختفي فطريات الفم بعد بدأ المعالجة بفطريات الفم، في خلال 3 إلى 5 أيام من المعالجة، و من امثلة مضادات الفطريات الفموية: الميكونازول جيل الفم، أو قطرات النيستاتين الفموية.
مضادات الفطريات الفموية( الجسمية): في بعض الحالات المتقدمة جداً، وهي حالات نادرة للغاية، ولا تصيب الأطفال، يمكن ان يلجأ الطبيب إلى وصف أدوية مضادة للفطريات عن طريق البلع( مثل فلوكونازول او اتراكونازول)، جنباً إلى جنب مع مضادات الفطريات الموضعية.
الحول: الاسباب، العلاج، المتابعة
من المألوف أن تتجه عين المولود إلى الداخل أو الخارج: خلال الأشهر الثلاثة الأولى من عمر الطفل نلاحظ أنة من المألوف جدا ان تتجه عيناه إلى الداخل أو الخارج، ويتكرر حدوث ذلك من حين الى حين، ولكن في معظم الحالات تنصلح هذه الأمور بمرور الوقت تلقائياً. اما اذا لاحظت الام ان العينين متجهتان إلى الداخل والخارج بصفة دائمة أو معظم الوقت، وإذا مر الشهر الاول من عمر الطفل وهو على هذا الحال ثم استمرت نفس الحاله بعد الشهر الثالث من عمره هنا يصبح من الضروري عرض الطفل على طبيب العيون.
هل طفلي أحول..؟
من المألوف أن تتجه عين المولود إلى الداخل أو الخارج: خلال الأشهر الثلاثة الأولى من عمر الطفل نلاحظ أنة من المألوف جدا ان تتجه عيناه إلى الداخل أو الخارج، ويتكرر حدوث ذلك من حين الى حين، ولكن في معظم الحالات تنصلح هذه الأمور بمرور الوقت تلقائياً. اما اذا لاحظت الام ان العينين متجهتان إلى الداخل والخارج بصفة دائمة أو معظم الوقت، وإذا مر الشهر الاول من عمر الطفل وهو على هذا الحال ثم استمرت نفس الحاله بعد الشهر الثالث من عمره هنا يصبح من الضروري عرض الطفل على طبيب العيون.
أوزان و اطوال المواليد و الأطفال الطبيعية
ملف يناقش و يوضح مفاهيم هامة عن اوزان و اطفال الأطفال، بالاضافة الى شكل و حجم الجمجمة في المواليد
Ipratropium bromide
يستخدم الإبراتروبيوم للتحكم في و الوقاية من أعراض ضيق و كتمة النفس، و الصفير أثناء التنفس، الناتجة عن مرض مزمن في الرئة مثل (مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن، الربو الشُعبي، التهاب الشعب الهوائية المزمن وانتفاخ الرئة). يعمل الابراتراوبيوم عن طريق إرخاء العضلات الملساء في الممرات الهوائية ( الشُعب او القصبات الهوائية)، و هذا يؤدي إلى توسع هذة الممرات الهوائية، و بالتالي يمكنك التنفس بسهولة أكبر.
صيدلانيات – بامبوتيرول
بامبوتيرول هو دواء موسع قصبي، يعمل على توسيع أو إزالة الضيق في الشُعيبات الهوائية. يعمل بامبوتيرول عن طريق فتح ممرات الهواء في رئتيك بحيث يتدفق الهواء إلى رئتيك بحرية أكبر. بالنسبة للأشخاص الذين يعانون من الربو ، فإن هذا يساعد في تخفيف الأعراض مثل السعال والصفير والشعور بضيق التنفس ، خاصة في الليل.
هيكسوبرينالين
الهيكسوبرينالين هو مادة كميائية تستخدم في تصنيع الأدوية، و هو عقار ينتمي إلى فئة من الادوية تسمى( محفزات مستقبلات البيتا الانتقائية) أو الناهضات الانتقائية للمستقبلات الأدرينالية بيتا 2). تستخدم الادوية المحتوية على الهيكسوبرينالين في تخفيف ضيق الممرات الهوائية عند معالجة و إدارة الأمراض الصدرية المزمنة، مثل مرض الربو. حيث يعمل الهيكسوبرينالين على توسيع الممرات الهوائية و تخفيف ضيق التنفس الناجم عن تشنج أو تقلص القصبات أو الشُعيبات الهوائية.
October pharma
This document lists contact information for the distributors and manufacturers of October Pharma products in several countries. It provides the addresses, phone numbers, and email contacts for October Pharma in Egypt as well as distributors in Yemen, Libya, Russia, Ukraine, Thailand, Sudan, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Iraq, and other CIS countries. The document notes that all rights are reserved for pharmacia1.com.
Modern pharmacy company
This document provides contact information for Modern Pharmacy Company, including their headquarters in Dubai Healthcare City and offices in Abu Dhabi and Sharjah. It lists addresses, phone numbers, and emails for their head office, warehouses in Sharjah, Al Quoz and Abu Dhabi, as well as several retail pharmacies across Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, and Abu Dhabi. The document notes the company's website and WhatsApp number for communication and includes a copyright notice.
Ventolin syrup
فنتولين شراب يوصف لتوسيع الشعب/ القصبات الهوائية، و هو علاج سريع المفعول و لكنة قصير الأجل أو قصير المفعول ( فــ شراب فنتولين يوفر الراحة التنفسية للمريض فى خلال 20 دقيقة من تناول الجرعة و لكن مفعولة يستمر من 4 إلى 6 ساعات على الأكثر). شراب فنتولين مناسب للبالغين والمراهقين والأطفال الذين تزيد أعمارهم عن سنتين. يمكن أن يوصف فنتولين شراب للأطفال أقل من سنتين، والجرعة تُحدد وفق وزن الطفل.
Ventocough syrup pil
Ventocough syrup consists of three active ingredients (salbutamol, guaifenesin, bromhexine). Ventocough syrup is an an expectorant , this medicine indicated for respiratory conditions associated with an increase in the production of respiratory secretions (sputum). Ventocough is available in two forms (Ventocough with added sugar - and Ventocough without sugar). Ventocough syrup is suitable for adults, including the elderly, and it can also be given to children over 2 years old.
Ventocough syrup pil- ar
شراب فينتوكف، شراب مركب من مزيج من ثلاثة من المكونات النشطة ( سالبوتامول، جوايفنزين، بروموهيكسين) ، و يعمل كطارد للبلغم ، و موسع للشُعب الهوائية( الممرات التنفسية). يوصف فينتوكف فى الحالات المرضية التى تصيب الجهاز التنفسى و المرتبطة بزيادة فى انتاج افرازات الجهاز التنفسى ( البلغم ). فينتوكف متوفر في شكلين ( فينتوكف بإضافة السكر - و فينتوكف خالي من السكر) . فينتوكف شراب هو دواء مناسب للبالغين، بما ذلك ذلك كبار السن، كما يمكن أن يُعطى للاطفال اكبر من سنتين.
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كلوروبرومازين : دواء متعدد الاستخدامات لحالات متعددة
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- **Blackheads:** Open plugged pores with a dark surface.
- **Papules:** Small red, tender bumps.
- **Pustules:** Pimples with pus at their tips.
- **Nodules:** Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface.
- **Cysts:** Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface that can cause scarring.
**Treatment:**
Treatment depends on the severity and type of acne but may include:
- **Topical Treatments:** Such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids to reduce bacteria and unclog pores.
- **Oral Medications:** Antibiotics or oral contraceptives for hormonal acne.
- **Procedures:** Such as chemical peels, extraction of comedones, or light therapy for more severe cases.
**Prevention and Management:**
- **Cleanse:** Regularly wash skin with a gentle cleanser.
- **Moisturize:** Use non-comedogenic moisturizers to keep skin hydrated without clogging pores.
- **Avoid Irritants:** Such as harsh cosmetics or excessive scrubbing.
- **Sun Protection:** Use sunscreen to prevent exacerbation of acne scars and inflammation.
Acne treatment can take time, and consistency in skincare routines and treatments is crucial. Consulting a dermatologist can help tailor a treatment plan that suits individual needs and reduces the risk of scarring or long-term skin damage.
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Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
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Clindam patient information leaflet
- 1. Composition: Each capsule contains: Clindamycin Hydrochloride equivalent to 150 mg or 300 mg Clindamycin. Properties: Clindamycin in-vitro activity covers the following organisms: Gram-Positive: Aerobic organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis (both penicillinase and non-penicillinase producing strains), Streptococci (except S.faecalis), pneumococci. Anaerobic organisms: Non spore forming Bacilli such as Propionibacterium species. Gram-Negative: Anaerobic Bacilli such as Bacteroides species and Fusobacterium species. Indications: Infections with microorganisms susceptible to Clindamycin such as: - Respiratory tract infections. - Skin and soft tissue infections. - Dental infections. - Genital and post-surgical infections. Contraindications: Clindamycin demonstrates cross resistance with Lincomycin. Some Staphylococcus strains originally resistant to Erythromycin rapidly develop resistance to Clindamycin. Clindam is constrained in patients with history of hypersensitivity to Clindamycin or Lincomycin. Usage in pregnancy: Safety for use during pregnancy has not been established. Side Effects: Gastrointestinal disturbances: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea may occur. Dosage: Mild to moderately severe infections: 150 to 300 mg every 6 hours. Severe infections: 300 to 450 mg every 6 hours. Presentation: Clindam 150 mg capsules: pack of 16 capsules. Clindam 300 mg capsules: pack of 8 capsules.